Catalina Federal Honor Camp
The Catalina Federal Honor Camp, or Tucson Federal Prison Camp, located in the Santa Catalina Mountains, held men subject to the World War II incarceration of Japanese Americans. It had no security fence, boundaries were marked with stones painted white. 45 of the 46 prisoners were draft resisters and objectors of conscience transferred from camps in Colorado, Arizona and Utah, although Gordon Hirabayashi, who had challenged the exclusion of Japanese Americans from the West Coast, was also held here.[1][2]
The camp was established in the Coronado National Forest in 1939, under the authority of the U.S. Bureau of Prisons, with plans to use inmate labor to build a highway connecting
Hirabayashi served out his two 90-day sentences, and the draft resisters were pardoned in 1947,[4] but the prison remained open until the highway was completed in 1951, when it became a labor camp for juvenile offenders.[2] In 1967, the State of Arizona took over the camp and converted it to a youth rehabilitation center. The rehabilitation center closed in 1973 and the buildings were destroyed soon after, but many foundations and walls of the old structures remain. Today, the site serves as a campground and trail head, and is known as the Gordon Hirabayashi Recreation Site to honor the camp's most well-known inmate[5] (whose conviction was overturned in 1987, after it was discovered that government officials withheld evidence that would have supported his case).[3]
References
- ^ a b c d "Tucson (detention facility)" Densho Encyclopedia (accessed 11 June 2014).
- ^ a b c d e J. Burton, M. Farrell, F. Lord, R. Lord. Confinement and Ethnicity: An Overview of World War II Japanese American Relocation Sites, "Chapter 18: Catalina Federal Honor Camp, Arizona." National Park Service: 2000 (accessed 23 January 2016).
- ^ a b Cherstin M. Lyon. "Gordon Hirabayashi" Densho Encyclopedia (accessed 11 June 2014).
- ^ Eric L. Muller. Free to Die for Their Country: The Story of the Japanese American Draft Resisters in World War II (University of Chicago Press: 2003) p. 6.
- ^ Jim Erickson. "Site of prison camp renamed for inmate interned during WWII" Arizona Daily Star, 8 Nov 1999 (accessed 10 June 2014).