Cattle raiding
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. (May 2022) |
Cattle raiding is the act of
Historical cattle raiding
The act of cattle-raiding is quite ancient, first attested over seven thousand years ago,
Central Asia
In his childhood, the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur and a small band of followers raided travelers for goods, especially animals such as sheep, horses, and cattle. Around 1363, it is believed that Timur tried to steal a sheep from a shepherd but was shot by two arrows, one in his right leg and another in his right hand, where he lost two fingers. Both injuries disabled him for life. Timur's injuries have given him the names of Timur the Lame and Tamerlane by Europeans.[8]
Ireland & Britain
In
Warfare between
Cattle-raiding by the Border reivers was a serious problem for many centuries on both sides of the Anglo-Scottish border.
American Old West
In the
One cause of tensions between Mexico and the United States in the years leading up to the
Mexican rustlers were a major issue during the American Civil War (1861–1865); the Mexican government was accused of supporting the habit. American rustlers also stole Mexican cattle from across the border. Failure to brand new calves facilitated theft.[citation needed]
Conflict over alleged rustling was a major issue in the Johnson County War of 1892 in Wyoming.[citation needed]
The transition from open range to fenced grazing gradually reduced the practice of rustling in North America. In the 20th century, so called "suburban rustling" became more common, with rustlers anesthetizing cattle and taking them directly to auction. This often takes place at night, posing problems for law enforcement, because on very large ranches it can take several days for the loss of cattle to be noticed and reported. Convictions are rare to nonexistent.[citation needed]
Chile and Argentina
Cattle raiding became a major issue at the end of the 19th century in Argentina, where cattle stolen during malones were taken through Camino de los chilenos across the Andes to Chile, where they were exchanged for alcoholic beverages and firearms. Several indigenous groups and outlaws, such as the Boroano and Ranquel peoples, and the Pincheira brothers, ravaged the southern frontier of Argentina in search of cattle. To prevent the cattle raiding, the Argentine government built a system of trenches called Zanja de Alsina in the 1870s. Most cattle raids ended after the military campaigns of the Conquest of the Desert in the 1870s, and the following partition of Patagonia established by the Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina.[citation needed]
In a letter to Chilean President
The return of Chilean veterans from the War of the Pacific coincided with the Chilean Army's crushing of Mapuche resistance in the Occupation of Araucanía (1861–1883). This led to opportunities for bandits and veterans-turned-bandits to immigrate to the newly opened Araucanía territory,[14][15] leading to sudden rise in violence and in a region that was recovering from Chilean-Mapuche warfare.[16] Bandits that immigrated to Araucanía allied with displaced Mapuche and made cattle theft their chief business.[14] Stolen cattle was sold in marketplaces through the region.[14]
Contemporary cattle raiding (1990–present)
East Africa
The Pokot and Samburu Nilotic populations in northwestern Kenya often raid each other for cattle.[17] Violent cattle rustling has caused massive loss of lives such as the Monday 12 March 2001 raid among the Marakwet in Murkutwo Location, Elgeyo Marakwet County, suspected to have been caused by the Pokot.[18]
Sudan
Conflict over pastures and cattle raids has been happening between Dinka and Nuer as they battle for grazing their animals.[19][20]
Cattle rustling is a major problem in rural areas of
West Africa
Cattle rustling is common in Nigeria.[22][23][24]
Israel
The theft of sheep, goats and cows along with tractors and irrigation equipment, is one of the most difficult problems confronted by farmers in Israel. About 400 cases are reported annually in the north of the country, and in the south, farmers compare the situation to the Wild West. They suffer millions of shekels in annual losses.[25] Most of the stolen livestock is taken to the West Bank, quickly slaughtered and then smuggled back into Israel, where it is sold by butchers to unsuspecting customers.[26]
See also
- Beefsteak Raid
- Border Reivers
- Captain Starlight
- Cattle raiding in Kenya
- Count Redmond O'Hanlon
- Horse theft
- Jack Sully
- Nomadic conflict
- Ritual warfare
- Rob Roy MacGregor
- Slave raiding
- Sudanese nomadic conflicts
References
- OCLC 186257552
- OCLC 5990998
- ^ Anderson, John (19 June 2018). "Poddy-Dodger Festival celebrates Croydon's cattle-stealing fame". Townsville Bulletin. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
- ^ "rustler". Wiktionary, The Free Dictionary. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
- ^ "The Perfect Gift: Prehistoric Massacres". Perfect Irish Gifts (The twin vices of women and cattle in prehistoric Europe). Archived from the original on 2008-06-11.
- ^ Bruce Lincoln, The Indo-European Cattle-Raiding Myth, History of Religions (1976), p. 58.
- ^ "Episode 46 – The Cattle Raid : Lawrence Manzo : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive". 2001-03-10. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
- ^ Marozzi, Justin (2004). Tamerlane: Sword of Islam, conqueror of the world. HarperCollins.
- ISBN 9780415278591.
- ISBN 9780521369947.
- Barnes & Noble Books. pp. 59–64.
- ^ "Cattle Rustling". Old Meade County. Archived from the original on 2021-05-08. Retrieved 2010-01-07.
- S2CID 150099942– via Dialnet.
- ^ a b c Salinas, Maximiliano A. (1986). "El bandolero chileno del siglo XIX: Su imagen en la sabiduría popular". Araucaria de Chile (in Spanish): 57–75. Retrieved December 21, 2019.
- Biblioteca Nacional de Chile. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
- ^ Cádiz Villarroel, Francisco Felipe (2013). "Chilenización institucional y progreso en Villarrica, Chile, 1900–1920" (PDF). Procesos Históricos (in Spanish). XII (23): 58–73. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
- ^ "31 killed in Laikipia cattle raid". Daily Nation. September 15, 2009.
- ^ Kenya Human Rights Commission, Raiding Democracy: The Slaughter of the Marakwet in Kerio Valley, Nairobi: Kenya Human Rights Commission.
- ISBN 978-1101606001.
- ^ "Conflict between Dinka and Nuer in South Sudan | Climate-Diplomacy". climate-diplomacy.org. Retrieved 2022-05-26.
- ^ "South Sudan horror at deadly cattle vendetta". BBC News.
- S2CID 149806324.
- TheGuardian.com. Agence France-Presse. 3 June 2018.
- ^ "Between Manslaugtering and cattle rustling: The tales of Fulani herdsmen and rural banditry in Nigeria | Calabar Reporters". Archived from the original on 2019-06-15. Retrieved 2018-10-10.
- ^ Israeli farmers face off against master goat thieves
- ^ Taking livestock: NIS 5m in beasts rustled last year
Further reading
- George Raine (2007-12-16). "Cattle rustling on the rise in California". San Francisco Chronicle.
- "The Handbook of Texas Online". Texas State Historical Association.
- Webb, Walter Prescott; Eldon Stephen Branda (1952). The Handbook of Texas. Texas State Historical Association. ISBN 9780876110270.
- Robert Reinhold (1987-04-25). "Cattle rustling making a comeback as tough times hit Texas". The New York Times.
- Tallent, Annie D. (1899). The Black Hills, Or, The Last Hunting Ground of the Dakotahs. Nixon-Jones. p. 559.