Caucasus Army (Russian Empire, 1914–1917)

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Russian Caucasus Army
Росси́йская Кавказскaя армия
Nicholas Nikolaevich (January 1915 – March 1917)
Nikolai Yudenich
(March 1917 – April 1917)

The Russian Caucasus Army (

Transcaucasus. These included Georgians, Caucasus Greeks, and Armenians - the latter in particular strongly represented among both the soldiers and senior officers - as well as ethnic Russians and Ukrainians.[citation needed
]

Period of existence

The Caucasus Army was formed in July 1914 from units of the Caucasus Military District. It ceased to exist in April 1917 when it was reorganized as the Caucasus Front, although this Front contained many of the same units and continued fighting in the same theater. This Front in turn formally ceased to exist in March 1918. It withdrew from Armenia that year.[1]

Organization

Order of Battle, 1914

The Caucasus Army was under the nominal command of the Governor General of the Caucasus

Aleksandr Zakharevich Myshlayevsky. The Caucasus Army had 100 battalions of infantry, 117 sotnis (cavalry squadrons), and 256 guns for a total of 100,000 troops,[2] in other sources it had had 153 battalions of infantry, 175 sotnis, and 350 guns [3]
Before the war the army was dispersed into two groups according to the two main operating areas: the Kars group (Kars - Erzurum) with 6 divisions in the region of Otu - Sarikamish and the Erivan group (Erivan - Alashkert) with 2 divisions, reinforced by a large number of cavalry, in the vicinity of Igdir.

The flanks were covered by small units formed from the Border Guard, the

Ottoman army.[2]

  • Caucasus Army Corps from November 12, 1914 April 2, 1915 Berhman George E.
    • 2 infantry divisions
    • 2 cossack rifle brigades
    • 1st Caucasian Cossack division under command of
      General Baratov
  • Turkistan Army Corps Lieutenant-General (from 23 October 1914, General of Infantry) Lesh, Leonid Vilgelmovich
    • 4-I Turkestan Rifle Brigade
    • 5-I Turkestan Rifle Brigade
    • 1-I Transcaspian Cossack Brigade
    • 1st Caucasus Kuban Cossack regiment
    • 2nd Turkestan Battalion
    • Kushkinskaya Oboznaya company

The 1914 engagements were Bergmann Offensive, Ardahan, and Battle of Sarikamish

Order of Battle, 1915

It was under the nominal command of the Governor General of the Caucasus Nicholas Nikolaevich beginning with the January 1915.[2] His chief of command was Nikolai Yudenich.

  • Caucasus Army Corps from February 2, 1915 to 12. March 1917 Kalitin, Pyotr Petrovich
  • Turkistan Army Corps from February 3, 1915 to 3 April 1917 General of Infantry Przewalski, Michael A.

The 1915 engagements were Battle of Dilman, Van, Battle of Manzikert (1915), and Kara Killisse

Order of Battle, 1916

The 1916 engagements were

Erzerum Offensive, Trebizond Campaign, Battle of Bitlis, and Mush
.

Order of Battle, 1917

It was under the nominal command of Vasily Kharlamov[citation needed] of Transcaucasian Commissariat beginning with the May 1917.[2] His chief of command was Ilia Odishelidze.

  • Caucasus Army Corps from April 12, 1917 Lyakhov, Vladimir Rakhmanov
  • Turkistan Army Corps from April 25 to 12 October 1917 - Lt. Gen. Chaplygin, Alexander; 12 October 1917 – ? - Lieutenant General Savitsky, Hippolyte V.

Commanders

Notable officers

See also

References

  1. New York Times Company
    . 1920. p. 141.
  2. ^
    ISBN 0-86307-181-3
    .
  3. ^ «Кто был кто в Первой мировой войне» К. А. Залесский, 2003
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