Caulimoviridae
Caulimoviridae | |
---|---|
Virus classification | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Riboviria |
Kingdom: | Pararnavirae |
Phylum: | Artverviricota |
Class: | Revtraviricetes |
Order: | Ortervirales |
Family: | Caulimoviridae |
Caulimoviridae is a family of
Taxonomy
The following genera are recognized:[3]
- Badnavirus
- Caulimovirus
- Cavemovirus
- Dioscovirus
- Petuvirus
- Rosadnavirus
- Ruflodivirus
- Solendovirus
- Soymovirus
- Tungrovirus
- Vaccinivirus
Virus particle structure
All viruses of this family are non-enveloped. Virus particles are either bacilliform or isometric. The type of nucleocapsid incorporated into the virus structure determines the size of the viral particles. Bacilliform particles are approximately 35–50 nm in diameter and up to 900 nm in length. Isometric particles are on average 45–50 nm in diameter and show icosahedral symmetry.
Genome structure and replication
The genomes of viruses from this family contain monopartite, non-covalently closed circular dsDNA of 7.2–9.3 kbp with discontinuities in both genome strands at specific places. These genomes contain one open reading frame (ORF), as observed in petuviruses, to eight ORFs such as in the soymoviruses. Proteins encoded by the viral genomes include reverse transcriptase-ribonuclease H, aspartic proteases, nucleocapsids and transactivators — there are other proteins essential for replication that have yet to be assigned a specific function.
Replication takes place in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of host cells. Firstly, the viral genome enters the cytoplasm. The viral DNA forms supercoiled mini-chromosome structures upon entering the host nucleus, where it is transcribed into polyadenylated RNA which is terminally redundant (due to transcription occurring twice for some parts of the DNA). Newly transcribed RNA enters the cytoplasm where it is either translated into viral proteins, or retrotranscribed into new copies of the dsDNA viral genome by the viral reverse transcriptase. New dsDNA genomes are encapsidated in the cytoplasm and released.
The replication process involves a retro transcription step and an RNA intermediate, therefore viruses from the family Caulimoviridae are not considered true
The presence of endogenous viral elements (EVEs) in plant genomes is widespread.
References
External links
- ICTV Report: Caulimoviridae
- "Caulimoviridae". Viralzone.
- Spumavirus at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- "Caulimoviridae". NCBI Taxonomy Browser. 186534.