Central American pine–oak forests

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Central American pine–oak forests
Chimaltenango, Guatemala
Ecology
RealmNeotropical
BiomeTropical and subtropical coniferous forests
Borders
Geography
Area111,400 km2 (43,000 sq mi)
Countries
Conservation
Conservation statusCritical/Endangered[1]
Global 200Yes
Protected11.67%[2]

The Central American pine–oak forests is a tropical and subtropical coniferous forests ecoregion in the mountains of northern Central America and Chiapas state in southern Mexico.

Setting

The Central American pine–oak forests occupy an area of 111,400 square kilometres (43,000 sq mi),[1] extending along the mountainous spine of Central America, extending from the Sierra Madre de Chiapas and Chiapas Highlands in Mexico's Chiapas state through the highlands of Guatemala, El Salvador, and Honduras to central Nicaragua.

The pine-oak forests lie between 600–1,800 metres (2,000–5,900 ft) elevation.

tropical dry forests on the Pacific slope and interior valleys. Elevations above 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) are often covered with cloud forest ecoregions, including the Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas, the Chiapas montane forests along the northern slope of the Chiapas Highlands, and the Central American montane forests
in high-elevation enclaves from southern Guatemala to northern Nicaragua.

Flora

The Central American pine–oak forests are composed mostly of

American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) is often found among the oaks and pines.[1]

The Central American pine–oak forests are the southernmost extent of species from genera typical of temperate

Fauna

Native mammals include

The mountains are designated an Endemic Bird Area, and are home to several limited-range and threatened species. Resident birds include the bearded screech owl (Megascops barbarus), fulvous owl (Strix fulvescens), ocellated quail (Cyrtonyx ocellatus), belted flycatcher (Xenotriccus callizonus), pink-headed warbler (Cardellina versicolor), black-capped siskin (Spinus atriceps), green-throated mountaingem (Lampornis sybillae), wine-throated hummingbird (Selasphorus ellioti), blue-throated motmot (Aspatha gularis), black-capped swallow (Atticora pileata), rufous-browed wren (Troglodytes rufociliatus), blue-and-white mockingbird (Melanotis hypoleucus), rufous-collared thrush (Turdus rufitorques), bar-winged oriole (Icterus maculialatus), and bushy-crested jay (Cyanocorax melanocyaneus).[1]

The pine–oak forests provide a winter home for several migratory species from temperate North America, including the golden-cheeked warbler (Dendroica chrysoparia) and azure-rumped tanager (Tangara cabanisi).[1]

Protected areas

11.67% of the ecoregion is in protected areas. Protected areas include:[2]

El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Mexico
Nicaragua

Internationally designated protected areas include

Sumidero Canyon National Park, Embalse Cerrón Grande, Eco-región Lachuá, Complejo Güija, Humedales de Montaña María Eugenia, and Sistema de Humedales de la Zona Sur de Honduras.[2]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h "Central American pine-oak forests". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 2012-11-04.
  2. ^ a b c "Central American pine-oak forests". DOPA Explorer. Accessed 10 March 2022. [1]