Century type family
Category | Serif |
---|---|
Classification | Didone, Scotch Modern |
Designer(s) | Linn Boyd and Morris Fuller Benton |
Foundry | American Type Founders |
Date released | 1894–1923 |
Variations | Century Expanded, Century Schoolbook, Century Old Style, Century Catalogue |
Shown here | Century Schoolbook |
Century is a family of serif type faces particularly intended for body text. The family originates from a first design, Century Roman, cut by American Type Founders designer Linn Boyd Benton in 1894 for master printer Theodore Low De Vinne, for use in The Century Magazine.[1] ATF rapidly expanded it into a very large family, first by Linn Boyd, and later by his son Morris.
Century is based on the "Scotch" genre, a style of type of British origin which had been popular in the United States from the early nineteenth century and is part of the "Didone" genre of type popular through the entire nineteenth century.[2][3] Its design emphasizes crispness and elegance, with strokes ending in fine tapers, ball terminals, and crisp, finely pointed serifs. However, compared to many earlier typefaces in the genre, stroke contrast is quite low, creating a less sharp and highly readable structure.[4] With ATF no longer operating, a wide variety of variants and revivals with varying features and quality are available.
Despite originating in the nineteenth century, use of the typeface remains strong for periodicals, textbooks, and literature. The Supreme Court of the United States requires that briefs be typeset in Century family type.[5][6] According to Charles Shaw, "The rugged simplicity of the Century family of types has made it an enduring favorite of American typographers for almost one hundred years. Beginning as foundry type, Century has withstood a series of technical transformations into Linotype, Monotype, Ludlow, phototype, transfer type, digital type, and Xerox-like 'toner type'."[7]
Distinctive characteristics
Characteristics of this typeface are:
lower case: curl ending in a ball terminal on top of letter c. Ball terminal on hook of f, ear of g, and tail of j.
upper case: curled tail on the capital R and reflexive curled tail on the capital Q. Prominent top spur on capital C.
figures: curl ending in a ball terminal on both tails of 3, and on single tail of 2, 5, 6 and 9.
Variations
Century Roman
Century Magazine |
---|
Century
Monotype, Ludlow | |
---|---|
Design based on | Century Roman + Bruce #16 Roman |
Also known as | Century Expanded |
With the merging of twenty-three foundries into
- Century Expanded (1900)
- Century Italic + Century Bold (1905)
- Century Bold Condensed (1909)
- Century Bold Extended (1910)
Hot metal copies
Century proved to be hugely popular and was either licensed or copied by all the makers of mechanical composition machines, including
- Century Bold Condensed Italic (1938, Monotype)
- Century Extra Bold Extended (Linotype), designed for use in newspaper and magazine headlines.
Cold type copies
Century's popularity and usefulness continued right through the cold type era and was made available for photocomposition by all the leading producers under the following names:[11]
- Century Expanded – Varityper.
- Century X – Alphatype
- Century Light – Compugraphic
- Censtar Expanded – Star/Photon
- Cambridge Expanded – Graphic Systems Inc.
- Digi-Antiqua – Hell AG
- ITC Century - ITC: a less faithful version with increased x-height, but extremely popular, has also been digitised.
A Century typeface was also available for the
Digital variants
A digital version named Benton Modern Text was first prepared by
Century Oldstyle
Monotype | |
---|---|
Design based on | Century Roman + Caslon |
Also known as | Old Style No. 9 (Linotype) |
Century Oldstyle was released at a time when heavier faces with bracketed serifs were returning to vogue. The faces, all of which were designed by Benton and issued by A.T.F., were issued over a period of six years.[9] Century Oldstyle is Linn Boyd Benton's and Morris Fuller Benton's renovation of Phemister's Miller & Richard Old Style for ATF (also known as Bookman Oldstyle) forty-five years later, using the Century name for marketing purposes.[14] Despite the name it is not purely an old-style serif font (the type of metal type used before around 1750), but retains many more modern characteristics such as its curling capital Q.
- Century Oldstyle + italic + bold (1909)
- Century Oldstyle Bold Italic (1910)
- Century Oldstyle Bold Condensed (1915)
Hot metal copies
Century Oldstyle was not as popular as its predecessor, but the roman and italic were copied by
Cold type copies
As oldstyle faces gained in popularity during the photo-comp era, Century Oldstyle was copied more widely then than during the hot type era. Copies were made under following names:[11]
- Century Oldstyle – Berthold, Harris, Mergenthaler
- Cambridge Oldstyle – Graphic Systems Inc.
Century Catalogue
Category | Serif |
---|---|
Classification | Modified Old Style |
Designer(s) | Morris Fuller Benton |
Commissioned by | American Type Founders |
Foundry | American Type Founders |
Date created | 1917 |
Date released | 1917 |
Design based on | Century Expanded |
Century Catalogue (as spelled in ATF specimen books) had a lower x-height than Century Expanded but, despite longer ascenders, adheres to the same general design. Century Catalogue Italic is basically a re-working of
Century Schoolbook
Monotype, Ludlow | |
Design based on | Century Expanded |
---|---|
Also known as | Century Modern (Ludlow) |
Century Schoolbook is a
Century Schoolbook is familiar to many in North America as being the typeface with which many first learned to read. Morris Fuller Benton utilized research done by
- Century Schoolbook (1918)
- Century Schoolbook Italic (1921)
- Century Schoolbook Bold (1923)
A final member of the Century family was an oldstyle version called Schoolbook Oldstyle begun in 1920 and released in 1926, an italic following in 1928. This never achieved the popularity of its sister faces, was never adapted for machine composition (much less cold type or digital) and was eventually withdrawn.
Hot metal copies
Another immensely popular face for A.T.F. and Benton, Century Schoolbook was either licensed or copied by all the makers of mechanical composition machines, including
Cold type copies
The popularity of Century Schoolbook outstripped that of Century in the cold type era, and it was offered by all manufacturers under the following names:[11]
- Century Schoolbook – Monotype, MGD Graphic Systems.
- Century Text – Alphatype
- Century Textbook – Compugraphic
- Censtar School – Star/Photon
- Cambridge Schoolbook – Graphic Systems Inc.
- Schoolbook – Varityper
Digital copies
The most common digital version is Monotype's, bundled with many Microsoft products.
A very limited set of styles digitised by
Confusingly, the Monotype version offered with Microsoft products is also called just 'Century', perhaps for backwards compatibility reasons from the period when file names had to be short. Modern Microsoft products include both this 'Century' (in roman style only but with Cyrillic characters) and the same design as 'Century Schoolbook', only the latter including the whole family with bold and italics.[20]
Digital variants
Grad is a variant by Phil Martin (digitized by Mark Simonson) based on the original ATF Century Schoolbook. It is an extensive digitisation with text figures and small caps, also adding unusual features such as asymmetric serifs.[21]
Century Schoolbook Infant
This is a single-story version of the typeface that is used to help children learn to read. It is very rare, but it can be found in the
Cyrillic adaptations
The Century Schoolbook typeface was also adapted by Soviet typographies. The first Cyrillic adaptation, named Pioner (Russian for "pioneer"), was designed in 1939, and later in 1961 the second adaptation was made in the scientific research institute (NII) "Poligrafmash". The latter version acquired the name Shkol'naya (Russian for "of school") and since then it has been the standard and most widely used typeface for children publications and for school textbooks in the Soviet Union and later in Russia.[22]
Century Nova
Century Nova + Italic (1964) was designed by Charles E. Hughes with the stipulation from A.T.F. that it must be equally suited for both letterpress (hot type) and offset (cold type) reproduction.[23] The thin lines are substantial and the lower-case letters have a larger x-height, and (perhaps ironically) it returns to the condensed nature of the original Century Roman.[24] This was the second-to-last face cut by A.T.F. Scangraphic has released a digitisation.[25]
Related digital revivals
Nick Shinn's Scotch Modern revival is a digitisation in three optical sizes of the Scotch Modern types that inspired Century.[4] Described by reviewer Mark Simonson as 'insanely complete', it has a stronger level of contrast and sharper Didone serifs than Century designs, in a release featuring small caps and a range of matching figure designs.[26][27] Shinn based the revival on that used in an 1873 book on New York State wildlife.
The Old Standard web font by Alexey Kryukov is loosely based on the similar styles of type that were used in Europe during the early 20th century. It includes Cyrillic and polytonic Greek glyphs for classical studies use.[28]
Eames Century Modern is a digitisation inspired by the family's use by furniture designers Charles and Ray Eames.[31] It is used by Comedy Central, among others.[32]
Century 751 from
See also
- Typefaces category
- List of typefaces
References
- ISBN 9781567922868.
- ISBN 9781568984278.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ISBN 978-1-933360-42-3.
- ^ a b Shinn, Nick. "Modern Suite specimen" (PDF). Shinntype. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- ^ "Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States. 2013. p. 42. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
- ^ "Rules of the Supreme Court of the United States" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States. p. 47. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
The text of every booklet-format document, including any appendix thereto, shall be typeset in a Century family (e. g., Century Expanded, New Century Schoolbook, or Century Schoolbook) 12-point type with 2-point or more leading between lines.
- ^ ISBN 0-9607290-1-1, p. 46–9.
- ^ De Vinne, Theodore Low. The Practice of Typography, Plain Printing Types. New York, NY: The Century Co., 1902. p. 359.
- ^ ISBN 0-938768-34-4, pp. 76–81.
- ^ American Specimen Book of Type Styles. Jersey City: American Type Founders Company, 1912. p. 359. Archived: https://archive.org/stream/americanspecimen00amerrich#page/n15/mode/2up
- ^ a b c Lawson, Alexander, Archie Provan, and Frank Romano. Primer Metal Typeface Identification. Arlington, Virginia: Printing Industries of America: National Composition Association 1976, pp. 34–35.
- ^ Berlow, David and Roger Black. "New Fonts: Benton Modern Display, Rocky & ITC Franklin" from The Font Bureau, Inc. Blog. 15 September 2008. http://www.fontbureau.com/news/2008-09-15 Archived 2010-04-19 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Century FB". Font Bureau. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
- ^ "Font Family Page".
- ^ OFL Fonts (section: Century Catalogue). 14 March 2007. Retrieved October 24, 2019.
- ^ "Century Schoolbook". Microsoft. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- ^ Stephen Coles, Chris Jordan, Henrique Gusso, Rainer Joswig, and Sarah Jenkins. Identifont. http://www.identifont.com/show?EIE
- ^ "URW font ttf conversions". Ghostscript. Archived from the original on 2015-09-19. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
- ^ "TeX Gyre Schola (alternative Century Schoolbook otf conversion)". FontSquirrel. GUST. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- ^ "'Century'". Microsoft. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- ^ Simonson, Mark. "Grad (with PDF specimen)". Mark Simonson Studio. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- ISBN 9785931651965.
- ^ "Century Nova, New Typeface, Shown at Premiere in Milwaukee," Inland Printer, November 1965, p. 176.
- ISBN 0-7137-1347-X, p.43.
- ^ "Century Nova". MyFonts. Scangraphic. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
- ^ Simonson, Mark. "Modern Suite review". Typographica. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- ^ Shaw, Paul (June 2008). "Scotch Modern review". Print magazine. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- ^ Kryukov, Alexey. Old Standard TT accessed through Google Fonts website. https://www.google.com/fonts/specimen/Old+Standard+TT
- ^ Carter, Matthew. "Miller Text". Font Bureau. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- Hoefler & Frere-Jones. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- ^ "Eames Century Modern". House Industries. Retrieved 1 November 2015.
- ^ "Fonts in Use: Comedy Central". Fonts in Use. 6 January 2012. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
- ^ "Century 751". MyFonts. Bitstream. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
Further reading
- Meggs, Philip and Rob Carter. Typographic Specimens: The Great Typefaces. Van Nostrand Reinhold: 1993. ISBN 0-442-00758-2
- Meggs, Philip B. and Roy McKelvey. Revival of the Fittest. RC Publications, Inc.: 2000. ISBN 1-883915-08-2
- DeVinne, Theodore, The practice of typography; modern methods of book composition, Century Co., New York, 1904
- DeVinne, Theodore, The practice of typography; a treatise on the processes of type-making, the point system, the names, sizes, styles and prices of plain printing types, Century Co., New York, 1902