Ceramic heater
A ceramic heater as a consumer product is a space heater that generates heat using a heating element of ceramic with a positive temperature coefficient (PTC).[1][2][failed verification] Ceramic heaters are usually portable and typically used for heating a room or small office, and are of similar utility to metal-element fan heaters.
Heating principle
PTC ceramic material is
Differences from other electric heaters
Electric
History
Heater vendors first offered ceramic heaters in 1986. By 1989, approximately twenty percent of portable household heaters sold in the USA were ceramic heaters.[4][5]
Heating elements
Ceramic fin is one type of heating element used in heaters. These units contain a solid block of ceramic material with metal fins attached. An electric current heats the block, which in turn heats the fins. The fins then heat the air. In another type of heating element, the honeycomb disk, the block of ceramic is perforated with numerous holes. The air is heated as it flows through the holes. No fins are required for honeycomb disk heating elements.[6]
Criticism
In the 1980s, some manufacturers were making advertising claims that critics such as New York Times writer Matthew L. Wald found dubious. In particular, manufacturers claimed ceramic heaters produced more heat than conventional ones, even when both were rated with the same heat output.[7]
References
- ^ S2CID 8371001.
- ^ Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan. Fuji Marketing Research Company. 1992.
- ^ US patent 4703153
- ^ a b "Electric heaters: A spot of low-cost warmth". Consumer Reports. 54 (11). Consumers Union of the U.S.: 724 November 1989.
- ^ Wald, Matthew (6 January 1990). "CONSUMER'S WORLD; Weighing The Differences Among Heaters". The New York Times. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
- ^ "Helpful Information". Pelonis USA. 1998. Archived from the original on 5 December 1998.
- ISSN 0362-4331.