Ceratina

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Ceratina
Temporal range: 37–0 
Ma
Ceratina bifida
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Apidae
Tribe: Ceratinini
Genus: Ceratina
Latreille
, 1802
Species

>200 species

The cosmopolitan

bivoltine nesting phenology in this species favour colony formation, while dispersal habits and offspring longevity may inhibit more frequent social nesting in this and other ceratinines.[3]

Ceratina are commonly dark, shining, even metallic bees, with fairly sparse body hairs and a weak scopa on the hind tibia. Most species have some yellow markings, most often restricted to the face, but often elsewhere on the body. They are very commonly mistaken for "sweat bees" (family Halictidae), due to their small size, metallic coloration, and some similarity in wing venation; they can be easily separated from halictids by the mouthparts (with a long glossa) and the hindwings (with a tiny jugal lobe).[4]

In

Mediterranean species, males may guard the opening to the nest of a female they hope to mate with, and are often not the father of the brood within the nest; this is the first bee species in which male nest-guarding has been classified as a form of biparental care,[5] but males guarding nests and mating with females has been documented in other species (e.g., Macrotera portalis[6]
).

A few species of Ceratina are exceptional among bees in that they are parthenogenetic, reproducing without males.[7]

Typical interior structure of a small carpenter bee's nest, here built into a dry stem of fennel. The stem cavity is partitioned into cells, each one containing pollen bread and one offspring. In the lowermost cell (on the right), the larva has already hatched. The other two cells still contain eggs.
Ceratina chalcites
Ceratina smaragdula

Species

Morawitz, 1872

Ghosh, Jobiraj, Subramanian, 2023

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ceratina.
  1. ^ Small Carpenter Bee – Ceratina sp. Red Planet Inc.
  2. ^ DiscoverLife Ceratina
  3. ^ Rehan, S., Richards, M., & Schwarz, M. (2010). Social polymorphism in the Australian small carpenter bee, Ceratina (Neoceratina) australensis. Archived 2016-03-07 at the Wayback Machine Insectes Sociaux, 4(57), 403-412.
  4. ^ Small carpenter bees, Ceratina spp. Featured Creatures. University of Florida IFAS. Publication EENY-101, Revised June, 2014.
  5. ^ "Polyandrous bee provides extended offspring care biparentally as an alternative to monandry based eusociality". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. S2CID 37651908
    .
  7. ISSN 0013-8746
    .

External links
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