Cervical pregnancy
| Cervical pregnancy | |
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| Vaginal ultrasonography of a cervical pregnancy at a gestational age of five weeks. See image below for details of the visible structures.[1] | |
| Specialty | Obstetrics |
A cervical pregnancy is an
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is made in asymptomatic pregnant women either by inspection seeing a bluish discolored
Histologically the diagnosis has been made by
Management
True cervical pregnancies tend to abort; if, however, the pregnancy is located higher in the canal and the placenta finds support in the uterine cavity, it can go past the first trimester. With the placenta being implanted abnormally, extensive vaginal bleeding can be expected at time of delivery and placental removal. While early cervical pregnancies may abort spontaneously or can be managed with excision, D&C, suturing, electrocautery, and tamponading,[3][5] by medication such as methotrexate,[6] and/or by uterine artery embolization,[7] a more advanced pregnancy may require a hysterectomy to control bleeding.[8] The more advanced the pregnancy, the higher the risk for major bleeding necessitating a hysterectomy.[9]
On very rare occasions, a cervical pregnancy results in the birth of a live baby;[10] typically, the pregnancy is in the upper part of the cervical canal and manages to extend into the lower part of the uterine cavity.
A cervical pregnancy can develop together with a normal intrauterine pregnancy; such a heterotopic pregnancy will call for expert management as to not to endanger the intrauterine pregnancy.[11]
Epidemiology
The incidence has been reported to be about 1:1,000 to 1:16,000 pregnancies.[8][9][12]
Pregnancies involving the isthmus – the segment of the
References
External links
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