Chaco Province
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Chaco
Provincia del Chaco (Spanish) | |
---|---|
Province of Chaco | |
UTC−3 (ART) | |
ISO 3166 code | AR-H |
HDI (2021) | 0.808 very high (24th)[3] |
Website | www |
Chaco (Spanish pronunciation:
It is bordered by
In 2010, Chaco became the second province in Argentina to adopt more than one official language. These languages are the
Etymology
Chaco derives from chaku, the
Annually, large groups of up to thirty thousand hunters would enter the territory, forming columns and circling their prey.[6]
However, the earliest known mention of the term in a document was in a letter written to
Geography
The province of Chaco lies within the southern part of the
.Chaco Province covers an area of 99,633 km2 (38,469 sq mi) and ranks as the twelfth largest Argentinian province. The highest ground in the province is also the most western, near the municipality of Taco Pozo, at an elevation of 272 m (892 ft) above sea level.[9]
The
In the south, the border follows the 28th parallel south, separating the region from Santa Fe Province, while in the west it borders Salta and Santiago del Estero.
Other important rivers include: the
.Climate
The province has a
Precipitation
In the most humid (eastern) parts of the province, precipitation falls throughout the year with no dry season.[12] These areas receive around 1,400 millimetres (55 in) of precipitation per year.[12] Precipitation decreases westwards and become more concentrated in the summer months.[10][12]
Temperature
Mean annual temperatures range between 21 and 23 °C (70 and 73 °F), which decreases from north to south.[12] Summers are hot with temperatures that can reach up to 38 to 41 °C (100 to 106 °F) in the eastern parts of the province.[12] The western parts experience more variation in temperatures due continental influences;[10] extreme temperatures in summer are more extreme with temperatures that frequently exceed 40 °C (104 °F).[12] During winters, incursions of cold, polar air from the south can lead to frosts and temperatures that fall below freezing.[12] Being under an area of high solar radiation during summer, a consequence is that a low pressure system forms over the province during summer.[12]
Humidity
Humidity in the province is high due to its climate, particularly in the north, the wettest portion of the province.[12] Most of the winds that transport humid air come from the north and east.[12] Winters are the most humid seasons (high humidity) due to this season being characterized by frequent fogs.[12]
History
The area was originally inhabited by various
In 1576, the governor of a province in Northern Argentina commissioned the military to search for a huge mass of iron, which he had heard that natives used for their weapons. The natives called the area Heavenly Fields, which was translated into Spanish as Campo del Cielo. This area is now a protected region situated on the border between the provinces of Chaco and Santiago del Estero where a group of iron meteorites fell in a Holocene impact event some four to five thousand years ago. In 2015, Police arrested four alleged smugglers trying to steal over a ton of legally protected meteoric iron.[13]
The first European settlement was founded by
The Gran Chaco region remained largely unexplored, and uninhabited, by either Europeans or Argentines until the late 19th century, after numerous confrontations between Argentina and Paraguay during the War of the Triple Alliance. San Fernando was re-established as a military outpost, and was renamed Resistencia in 1876.
The Territorio Nacional del Gran Chaco was established in 1872. This territory, which included the current Formosa Province and lands presently inside Paraguay, was superseded by Territorio Nacional del Chaco upon its administrative division, in 1884.
20th century
Between the end of the nineteenth and the first decades of the twentieth centuries, the province received a variety of immigrants, among them
. They, alongside other immigrants, transformed Chaco into a productive farming region known for its dairy and beef production.Political structure
In 1951 the territory became a province, and its name was changed to Provincia Presidente Perón. The province was renamed again in 1955 when the government of President
Infrastructure
With few paved highways, and thus an overdependence on passenger rail services, Chaco was adversely impacted by the national rail privatizations and line closures of the early 1990s. In 1997, the services that had been previously run by the state-owned company Ferrocarriles Argentinos since railway nationalization in 1948, were taken over by the Servicios Ferroviarios del Chaco S.A. (SEFECHA) (Chaco Railway Services), making
Poverty
Chaco Province continues to suffer from the worst social indicators in the country with 49.3% of its population living below the
Official languages
In 2010, Chaco became the second province in Argentina to declare indigenous languages official within the province, after
Economy
Chaco's economy, like most in the region, is relatively underdeveloped, yet has recovered vigorously since 2002. It was estimated to be US$4.397 billion in 2006, or US$4,467 per capita (half the national average and the third-lowest in Argentina).[18] Chaco's economy is diversified, but its agricultural sector has suffered from recurrent droughts over the past decade.
Agricultural development in Chaco is predominantly associated with the commercial growing of
is also cultivated in the south, as well as rice and tobacco to a lesser degree.Cattle breeds consisting of crosses with zebu are regarded as better adapted to the high temperatures, grass shortage and occasional flooding than intensively reared pure-breeds.
Industrial contributes approximately 10% to the provincial economy and includes textiles produced from local cotton, oil and coal production, and sugar, alcohol and paper, all derived from sugar cane.
Chaco is home to the Chaco National Park, but tourism is not a well-developed industry in the province. The province's main airport, Resistencia International Airport, serves around 100,000 passengers annually.
Government
The provincial government is divided into the usual three branches: the executive, headed by a popularly elected governor, who appoint the cabinet; the legislative; and the judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court and completed by several inferior tribunals.
The Constitution of Chaco Province forms the formal law of the province.
In Argentina, the most important law enforcement organization is the Argentine Federal Police but the additional work is carried out by the Chaco Provincial Police.
Political organization
The province is divided into 25 departments (Spanish: departamentos).
Department | Seat | Area (km2) |
Population (2010)[19] |
Population (2001)[19] |
Density (2010) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Almirante Brown | Pampa del Infierno | 17,276 | 34,075 | 29,086 | 1.97 |
Bermejo | La Leonesa | 2,562 | 25,052 | 24,215 | 9.77 |
Chacabuco | Charata | 1,378 | 30,590 | 27,813 | 22.19 |
Comandante Fernández | Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña | 1,500 | 96,944 | 88,164 | 64.63 |
12 de Octubre | General Pinedo | 2,576 | 22,281 | 20,149 | 8.65 |
2 de Abril | Hermoso Campo | 1,594 | 7,432 | 7,435 | 4.66 |
Fray Justo Santa María de Oro | Santa Sylvina | 2,205 | 11,826 | 10,485 | 5.36 |
General Belgrano | Corzuela | 1,218 | 11,988 | 10,470 | 9.84 |
General Donovan | Makallé | 1,487 | 13,490 | 13,385 | 9.07 |
General Güemes | Juan José Castelli | 25,487 | 67,132 | 62,227 | 2.63 |
Independencia | Campo Largo | 1,871 | 22,411 | 20,620 | 11.98 |
Libertad | Puerto Tirol | 1,088 | 12,158 | 10,822 | 11.17 |
Libertador General San Martín | General José de San Martín | 7,800 | 59,147 | 54,470 | 7.58 |
Maipú | Tres Isletas | 2,855 | 25,288 | 24,747 | 8.85 |
Mayor Luis J. Fontana | Villa Ángela | 3,708 | 55,080 | 53,550 | 14.85 |
9 de Julio | Las Breñas | 2,097 | 28,555 | 26,955 | 13.61 |
O'Higgins | San Bernardo
|
1,580 | 20,131 | 19,231 | 12.74 |
Presidencia de la Plaza | Presidencia de la Plaza | 2,284 | 12,499 | 12,231 | 5.47 |
Primero de Mayo | Margarita Belén | 1,864 | 10,322 | 9,131 | 5.53 |
Quitilipi | Quitilipi | 1,545 | 34,081 | 32,083 | 22.05 |
San Fernando | Resistencia | 3,489 | 390,874 | 365,637 | 112.03 |
San Lorenzo | Villa Berthet | 2,135 | 14,702 | 14,252 | 6.88 |
Sargento Cabral | Colonia Elisa | 1,651 | 15,899 | 15,030 | 9.63 |
Tapenagá | Charadai | 6,025 | 4,097 | 4,188 | 0.68 |
25 de Mayo | Machagai | 2,358 | 29,215 | 28,070 | 12.39 |
Villages
- Aviá Teraí
- Colonia Aborigen El Pastoril
- Colonia Baranda
- Colonias Unidas
- Comandancia Frías
- Cote Lai
- El Espinillo
- El Sauzal
- El Sauzalito
- El Tacuruzal
- Estación General Obligado
- Fortín Las Chuñas
- Fuerte Esperanza
- General Vedia
- Haumonia
- La Chiquita
- La Escondida
- La Leonesa
- La Liguria
- Las Garcitas
- Mesón de Fierro
- Napenay
- Pampa Landriel
- Pampa Mangrullo
- Paraje San Fernando
- Pueblo Clodomiro Díaz
- Puerto Bastiani
- Puerto Eva Perón, Chaco
- Puerto Lavalle
- Samuhú, Chaco
- Selvas del Río de Oro
- Villa Jalón
See also
References
- ^ "Nuevos datos provisorios del Censo 2022: Argentina tiene 46.044.703 habitantes". Infobae. 31 January 2023. Retrieved 2023-02-03.
- ^ "TelluBase—Argentina Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)" (PDF). Tellusant. Retrieved 2024-01-11.
- ^ "El mapa del desarrollo humano en Argentina" (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 25 June 2023.
- ^ "Lengua Wichi (Mataco). Diccionario Mataco - Español". pueblosoriginarios.com. Retrieved Oct 4, 2020.
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 786.
- ^ "Chaco". Fundación para el Desarrollo Sustentable del Chaco. Archived from the original on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
- ^ Lozano, Pedro (1989). Descripción corográfica del Gran Chaco Gualamba. San Miguel de Tucumán: Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. p. 486.
- ^ a b Edelmiro Porcel. "Chaco Gualamba". Periodico Domine. Archived from the original on 24 November 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
- ^ "23 Cumbres - Chaco". 23 Cumbres. Archived from the original on 24 September 2009. Retrieved 8 April 2012.
- ^ a b c "El cultivo del algodón en la cuenca media del Tapenaga. Fechas de siembra, rendimiento y precipitaciones" (PDF) (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ^ "Provincia de Chaco" (PDF) (in Spanish). Administración Nacional de Laboratorios e Institutos de Salud. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 November 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Provincia de Chaco–Clima y Meteorologia" (in Spanish). Secretaria de Mineria de la Nacion (Argentina). Archived from the original on 13 September 2004. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
- ^ "Four arrested in Argentina smuggling more than ton of meteorites". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved Oct 4, 2020.
- ^ "Argentinien - Friends of Latin American Railways". www.ferrolatino.ch. Retrieved Oct 4, 2020.
- infobae.com. 26 July 2009. Archived from the originalon January 27, 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
- ^ Ley No. 5598 de la Provincia de Corrientes, 22 de octubre de 2004
- ^ Ley No. 6604 de la Provincia de Chaco, 28 de julio de 2010, B.O., (9092), Link Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "El déficit consolidado de las provincias rondará los $11.500 millones este año" (in Spanish). Instituto Argentino para el Desarrollo de las Economías Regionales. Retrieved 10 July 2015.
- ^ INDEC. 2010. Retrieved 16 April 2012.[permanent dead link]
External links
- Media related to Chaco Province at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website (Spanish)
- Pictures of Chaco Archived 2010-12-10 at the Wayback Machine