Chagar Bazar
تل شاغربازار | |
Location | Al-Hasakah Governorate, Syria |
---|---|
Coordinates | 36°52′33″N 40°53′53″E / 36.875971°N 40.897942°E |
Type | settlement |
History | |
Founded | ca. 6,000 BC |
Abandoned | ca. 2,000 BC |
Periods | Neolithic |
Cultures | chagar culture |
Site notes | |
Excavation dates | 1935—1937 1999—2002 |
Archaeologists | Max Mallowan University of Liège Syrian Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums, Augusta McMahon |
Ownership | Public |
Public access | Yes |
Chagar Bazar (Šagir Bazar,
Halaf period
(c. 6100 to 5100 BC) until the middle of the 2nd millennium BC.
Archaeology
The site contains two mounds, a higher but smaller one to the south and a lower larger northern one. Occupation was Halaf at the northern end then at the southern end in the Late Chalcolithic period followed by full occupation in the 3rd millennium BC. The 2nd millennium BC occupation was restricted to the northern (5 hectare) mound. Chagar Bazar was excavated for three seasons by the British archaeologist
British School of Archaeology in Iraq in cooperation with University of Liège archaeologists and the Syrian Directorate-General of Antiquities and Museums.[7][8][9]
During these excavations, which ended in 2002, 214 cuneiform tablets were recovered.
Chagar Bazar and its environment
Chagar Bazar is located in Al-Hasakah Governorate, approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Al-Hasakah, on the Wadi Dara, a tributary to the Khabur River. The ancient site measures approximately 12 hectares (30 acres).
Occupation history
Chagar Bazar was already settled in the
Ubaid cultures
.
[10]
By the Early Bronze Age, in the third millennium BC, Chagar Bazar had turned into a small town with the size of 12 hectares / 30 acres. The site appears to have been abandoned by the end of the third millennium BC. It was resettled and was known as Asnakkum at the beginning of the Middle Bronze Age. The town was part of the Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia under Shamshi-Adad I and his son Yasmah-Adad.[11] Hurrians also occupied the city and fine examples of the Khabur ware pottery dating to this period have been discovered by the excavators.
Notes
- ^ M.E.L. Mallowan, Excavations at Chagar Bazar and an Archaeological Survey of the Habur Region of North Syria 1934-5, Iraq, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–85, 1936
- ^ M.E.L. Mallowan, Excavations at Tall Chagar Bazar and an Archaeological Survey of the Habur Region, Second Campaign 1936, Iraq, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 91–177, 1937
- ^ M.E.L. Mallowan, Excavations at Brak and Chagar Bazar, Iraq, no. 9, pp. 1–259, 1947
- ISBN 90-90-10838-6
- ^ Loretz, O., "Texte aus Chagar Bazar und Tell Brak, Teil 1", Alter Orient und Altes Testament 3. Neukirchen-Vluyn: Butzon & Bercker, 1969
- ^ Snell, D., "The Old Babylonian Cuneiform Texts from Chagar Bazar in the Aleppo Museum", Annales archéologiques arabes syriennes 33:2, pp.217!241, 1983
- ^ Augusta McMahon, Onhan Tunca, and Abdul-Massih Bagdo, New Excavations at Chagar Bazar 1999–2000, Iraq, vol. 63, pp. 201–222, 2001
- ^ A.M. McMahon, C. Colantoni and M.J. Semple, British excavations at Chagar Bazar, 2001–2002, Iraq, vol. 67, no. 2, pp. 1–16, 2003
- ISBN 978-0903472272
- ^ W. Cruells and OP Nieuwenhuyse, The Proto-Halaf period in Syria. New sites New data., Paléorient, vol. 30, no. 1, p. 47–68, 2004
- ISBN 978-1-57506-060-6.
See also
- Cities of the Ancient Near East
- Tell Brak
- Hurrians
- Come, Tell Me How You Live
References
- C. J. Gadd, "Tablets from Chagar Bazar 1936", Iraq, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 178–185, 1937
- C. J. Gadd, "Tablets from Chagar Bazar and Tell Brak 1937–38", Iraq, vol. 7, pp. 22–61, 1940
- J. E. Curtis, "Some Axe-Heads from Chagar Bazar and Nimrud", Iraq, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 73–81, 1983
- O. Tunca et al., Chagar Bazar (Syrie) I: Les sondages prehistoriques (1999–2001), Peeters, 2006, ISBN 90-429-1796-2
- O. Tunca et al., Chagar Bazar (Syrie) II: Les vestiges post-akkadiens du chantier D et etudes diverses, Peeters, 2007, ISBN 90-429-1948-5
- O. Tunca and A. Baghdo, Chagar Bazar (Syrie) III: Les trouvailles epigraphiques et sigillographiques du chantier I (2000–2002), Peeters, 2008, ISBN 90-429-2089-0
- Tunca, Ö., Bagdhou, a. und Léon, S., "Chagar Bazar (Syrie) IV. Les tombes ordinaires de l’âge du bronze ancien et moyen des chantiers D-f-H-I (1999−2011)", Étude archéologique, Peeters Publishers, 2018 ISBN 978-9042936331
- J. Mas and O. Tunca, "Chagar Bazar (Syrie) V: Les tombes ordinaires de l'âge du Bronze ancien et moyen des chantiers D-F-H-I (1999-2011): La poterie", (Publications de la ... de L'Universite de), Peeters Publishers, 2018 ISBN 978-9042936348
- S. Leon, "Chagar Bazar (Syrie) VI: Les tombes ordinaires de l'âge du Bronze ancien et moyen des chantiers D-F-H-I (1999-2011): Les objets", (Publications de la ... de L'Universite de), Peeters Publishers, 2018 ISBN 978-9042936355
- R Ali and J-M Cordy, "Chagar Bazar (Syrie) VII: Les tombes ordinaires de l'âge du Bronze ancien et moyen des chantiers D-F-H-I (1999-2011): Les Ossements", (Publications de la ... de L'Universite de), Peeters Publishers, 2018 ISBN 978-9042936362
- Tunca, Ö., Bagdhou, A, "Chagar Bazar (Syrie) VIII. Les tombes ordinaires de l’âge du bronze ancien et moyen des chantiers D-f-H-I (1999−2011): Études diverses", Étude archéologique, Peeters Publishers, 2018 ISBN 978-9042936379