Chalcidian League
The Chalcidian League (
Origins
There are two theories on the origins of the Chalcidians:
- as argued by E. Harrison (1912), the Chalcidians were a northern Greek tribe.[4]
- as argued by Donald W. Bradeen (1952), the Chalcidians were Corinthian colonists from southern Greece.[5]
Harrison's theory has been rejected by some historians such as Bradeen (1952) but has been adopted by other historians, such as U. Kahrsted (1953) and M. Zahrnt (1971).
History
In the spring of 432 BCE, during the first phase of the
In the aftermath of the Peace of Nicias, the city-states of
The fighting was long and arduous.[14] Teleutias, the half-brother of the Spartan king, Agesilaus II, was killed and King Agesipolis suffered heavy losses before dying of fever.[15] However, in 379 BCE the cities of the former League became "autonomous" and subject allies of Sparta.[16] Freeman regards the Spartan dissolution of the League as one of the most "calamitous events" in Hellenic history for, in his view, the League uniting the northern Greek cities with the most Hellenised cities of Macedonia would have prevented the rise of Philip II of Macedon.[17]
Already in 375 BCE the Chalcidians threw off Spartan control and re-established the League, joining the
Internal organization
The actual form of the League is uncertain. It seems it was a genuinely federal state (, struck upon the coins the League.
See also
Notes
- ^ In Greek and Roman historiography, during this period, Olynthians refers mainly to the League, rather the citizens of Olynthus (see Justin 7.4.6)
- ^ IG II² 36
- ^ Bakhuizen & Kreulen 1976, p. 14.
- S2CID 246874721.
- JSTOR 291740.
- ISBN 978-960-8145-07-8.
- S2CID 163662582.
- ^ a b Schwahn 1931, col. 1193.
- ^ a b Cartledge 1987, p. 268.
- ^ a b c Cartledge 1987, p. 269.
- ^ The Historians' History of the World, editor: Henry Smith Williams, vol. 4 pp. 129-30
- ^ History of Greece by G. Grote, 1862, vol. 9, p. 49
- ^ Xenophon, Hellenica 5.2
- ^ Cartledge 1987, p. 271.
- ^ Cartledge 1987, pp. 373–374.
- ^ Cartledge 1987, p. 279.
- ^ History of federal government, Edward Augustus Freeman, p. 191
- ^ Schwahn 1931, col. 1193–1194.
- ^ a b c Schwahn 1931, col. 1194.
Sources
- Bakhuizen, Simon C.; Kreulen, R. (1976). Chalcis-in-Euboea: Iron and Chalcidians Abroad. Leiden: Brill Archive. ISBN 9789004045460.
- Cartledge, Paul (1987). Agesilaos and the Crisis of Sparta. Duckworth. ISBN 9780715620823.
- Schwahn, Walther (1931). "Sympoliteia". Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft(in German). Vol. Band IV, Halbband 7, Stoa–Symposion. col. 1171–1266.
External links
- Media related to Chalkidiki at Wikimedia Commons