Chalmers Johnson
Chalmers Johnson | |
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PhD) | |
Known for | |
Awards | Before Columbus Foundation (2001) |
Scientific career | |
Fields |
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Institutions | University of California, Berkeley Japan Policy Research Institute University of San Francisco University of California, San Diego |
Doctoral students | Cynthia Enloe |
Website | www |
Chalmers Ashby Johnson (August 6, 1931 – November 20, 2010)
Johnson wrote numerous books, including three examinations of the consequences of what he called the "
Life and career
Johnson was born in 1931 in Phoenix, Arizona, to David Frederick Johnson Jr. and Katherine Marjorie (Ashby) Johnson.[4] He earned a BA in economics in 1953 and an MA and a PhD in political science in 1957 and 1961, respectively. Both of his advanced degrees were from the University of California, Berkeley. Johnson met his wife, Sheila, a junior at Berkeley, in 1956, and they married in Reno, Nevada, in May 1957.[5]
During the Korean War, Johnson served as a naval officer in Japan.[6] He was a communications officer on the USS La Moure County, which ferried Chinese prisoners of war from South Korea back to ports in North Korea.[5] He taught political science at the University of California from 1962 until he retired from teaching in 1992. He was best known early in his career for his scholarship on the subjects of China and Japan.[7]
Johnson set the agenda for 10 or 15 years in social science scholarship on China, with his book on peasant nationalism. His book MITI and the Japanese Miracle, on the Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry, was the pre-eminent study of the country's development and it created the subfield of what could be called the political economy of development. He coined the term "developmental state." As a public intellectual, he first led the "Japan revisionists" who critiqued American neoliberal economics with Japan as a model, and their arguments faded from view as the Japanese economy stagnated in the mid-1990s and later. During that period, Johnson served as a consultant to the Office of National Estimates, part of the CIA, and contributed to analysis of China and Maoism.[8]
Johnson was elected a Fellow of the
Johnson is probably best known as a sharp critic of what he called “American imperialism.” His book Blowback (2000) won a prize in 2001 from the
Johnson wrote for the
Blowback series
Johnson believed that the enforcement of
Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire
In Blowback, I set out to explain why we are hated around the world. The concept "blowback" does not just mean retaliation for things our government has done to and in foreign countries. It refers to retaliation for the numerous illegal operations we have carried out abroad that were kept totally secret from the American public. This means that when the retaliation comes – as it did so spectacularly on September 11, 2001 – the American public is unable to put the events in context. So they tend to support acts intended to lash out against the perpetrators, thereby most commonly preparing the ground for yet another cycle of blowback. In the first book in this trilogy, I tried to provide some of the historical background for understanding the dilemmas we as a nation confront today, although I focused more on Asia – the area of my academic training – than on the Middle East.
— Chalmers Johnson, Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic (2006)
The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic
The Sorrows of Empire was written during the American preparations for and launching of the invasions and occupations of Afghanistan and Iraq. I began to study our continuous military buildup since World War II and the 737 military bases we currently maintain in other people's countries. This empire of bases is the concrete manifestation of our global hegemony, and many of the blowback-inducing wars we have conducted had as their true purpose the sustaining and expanding of this network. We do not think of these overseas deployments as a form of empire; in fact, most Americans do not give them any thought at all until something truly shocking, such as the treatment of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, brings them to our attention. But the people living next door to these bases and dealing with the swaggering soldiers who brawl and sometimes rape their women certainly think of them as imperial enclaves, just as the people of ancient Iberia or nineteenth-century India knew that they were victims of foreign colonization.
— Chalmers Johnson, Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic (2006)
Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic
In Nemesis, I have tried to present historical, political, economic, and philosophical evidence of where our current behavior is likely to lead. Specifically, I believe that to maintain our empire abroad requires resources and commitments that will inevitably undercut our domestic democracy and in the end produce a military dictatorship or its civilian equivalent. The founders of our nation understood this well and tried to create a form of government – a republic – that would prevent this from occurring. But the combination of huge standing armies, almost continuous wars,
Nemesisstalks our life as a free nation.— Chalmers Johnson, Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic (2006)
Dismantling the Empire: America's Last Best Hope
Johnson outlines how the United States can reverse American hegemony and preserve the American state. Dismantling the Empire is suggested reading for
Evil Empire
In a 2007, during the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars, Johnson gave a series of lectures titled, Evil Empire, as part of his American Empire Project, in which he summed up his trilogy, Blowback: The Costs and Consequences of American Empire, The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic, and Nemesis:The Last Days of the American Republic in speeches titled Evil Empire. The books and lectures are a warning about the unintended consequences of US policy in the world. In June 2007, he gave a talk at a local Democratic Club in Fallbrook, CA which was filmed and released on DVD. It is produced and directed by Jon Monday for mondayMEDIA.[11]
Synopsis: Johnson traces the fall of the Roman Empire as a pattern he saw in American geopolitics. The term blowback is used by the CIA to mean the unintended consequences of American policies and actions in the world. His book Blowback, which was first published in January 2001, predicted the events of
The extras in the DVD include a Q&A session with Johnson, and interview with Representative Bob Filner, and comments by Midge Costanza, who was an advisor to President Carter. The main talk is now available on YouTube.[13]
External links
Death
In 2010, Chalmers Johnson died after a long illness from complications of
Works
- Johnson, Chalmers A (1962). Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0074-5.
Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power.
- — (1999). An Instance of Treason: Ozaki Hotsumi and the Sorge Spy Ring. Diane Publishing Co. ISBN 0-7881-6748-0.
- — (1966). Revolutionary Change. Little Brown & Company. ISBN 0-316-46730-8.
- Azrael, Jeremy R; Johnson, Chalmers A (1970). Change in Communist Systems. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0723-5.
Change in Communist Systems.
- Johnson, Chalmers A (1973). Conspiracy at Matsukawa. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02063-4.
- Israel, John; Johnson, Chalmers A (1972). Ideology and Politics in Contemporary China. University of Washington Press. ISBN 0-295-95247-4.
- Johnson, Chalmers A (1973). Autopsy on People's War. Berkeley, University of California Press. ISBN 0520025164.
- Johnson, Chalmers (1978). Japan's Public Policy Companies. Aei Pr. ISBN 0-8447-3272-9.
- Johnson, Chalmers A (1982). MITI and the Japanese Miracle. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1206-9.
MITI and the Japanese Miracle.
- Johnson, Chalmers (1984). The Industrial Policy Debate. Ics Pr. ISBN 0-917616-65-0.
- Johnson, Chalmers A; D'Andrea Tyson, Laura (1989). Politics and Productivity: The Real Story of Why Japan Works. HarperBusiness. ISBN 0-88730-350-1.
- Johnson, Chalmers (1994). Japan: Who Governs? – The Rise of the Developmental State. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-31450-2.
- — (March 1996). "The Okinawan rape incident and the end of the Cold War in East Asia". Quadrant. 40 (3): 23–29.
- Johnson, Chalmers (1999). "The Developmental State: Odyssey of a Concept". In Woo-Cumings, Meredith (ed.). The Developmental State. Cornell University Press. pp. 32–62. S2CID 210497579.
- — (2004). Blowback; The Costs and Consequences of American Empire (2nd ed.). Holt Paperbacks. ISBN 0-8050-7559-3.
- — (2004). The Sorrows of Empire: Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic. Metropolitan Books. ISBN 0-8050-7004-4.
- — (2007). Nemesis; The Last Days of the American Republic. Metropolitan Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-7911-1.
Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic.
- — (2010). Dismantling the Empire; America's Last Best Hope. Metropolitan Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-9303-2.
Audio and video
- Audio interview Archived March 15, 2010, at the Wayback Machine March 2010 on Media Matters with Bob McChesney[failed verification]
- Video/Audio: Chalmers Johnson on the military-industrial complex October 4–7, 2008 on The Real News with Paul Jay Archived November 27, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- Audio: Is America on the brink of destruction through imperial over-reach?
- Audio interview April 2004 on Behind the News with Doug Henwood
- Video Interview: Decline of Empires: The Signs of Decay by Ecological Options Network on YouTube
See also
Notes
- ^ Fallows, James (November 21, 2010). "Chalmers Johnson". The Atlantic. Retrieved February 23, 2021.
- ^ a b "CCS History", Center for Chinese Studies, Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California, Berkeley
- ^ a b c Goodman, Amy (February 27, 2007). "Chalmers Johnson: Nemesis: The Last Days of the American Republic". Democracy Now!. Retrieved April 4, 2009.
- ^ Arizona State Board of Health, Phoenix, Maricopa Co., Arizona. #315-806-218
- ^ a b Sheila K. Johnson (April 11, 2011) Chalmers Johnson vs. the Empire, Antiwar.com
- ISBN 0-8050-7559-3.
- Japan Times, November 23, 2010, p. 2.
- ^ Nic Paget-Clarke (2004). "Interview with Chalmers Johnson Part 2. From CIA Analyst to Best-Selling Scholar". In Motion Magazine. Retrieved April 4, 2009.
- ^ Engelhardt, Tom (March 22, 2006). "Cold Warrior in a Strange Land". antiwar.com. Retrieved April 4, 2009.
- ^ Peake, Hayden B. "Intelligence in Recent Public Literature The Intelligence Officer's Bookshelf". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on December 22, 2011. Retrieved February 3, 2018.
- ^ "Listing in Allrovi.com". Archived from the original on July 19, 2012. Retrieved January 4, 2012.
- ^ Link to review of Blowback
- ^ Video of Evil Empire available on YouTube
- ^ Shapiro, T. Rees (November 25, 2010). "Renowned Asia scholar Chalmers Johnson dies at 79". The Washington Post.
External links
- "Republic or Empire?" A National Intelligence Estimate on the United States by Chalmers Johnson (from Harper's)
- Empire v. Democracy: Why Nemesis Is at Our Door by Chalmers Johnson
- Blowback Chalmers Johnson essay from The Nation
- Can We End the American Empire Before It Ends Us? By Chalmers Johnson, Tomdispatch.com. Posted May 17, 2007.
- Three Good Reasons to Liquidate Our Empire by Chalmers Johnson, The Huffington Post
- Chalmers Johnson vs. the Empire, Antiwar.com
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Chalmers Johnson at IMDb