Chané
Roman Catholicism, Anglicanism ) |
Chané is the collective name for the southernmost
Most of the historical Chané were subjects of and absorbed by the
History
The Chané, together with other
An ancient Chané religious site dating from about 300 CE is
They were a rather peaceful culture and traded with the
The Guaná
The Guaná, (also called Layaná) are the eastern branch of the Chané. They were vassals of the Mbayá, a relationship that, according to Spanish accounts, existed in 1548, and possibly much earlier.[6] The Guaná were agricultural and pedestrian as opposed to the nomadic Mbayá who became equestrians by the early 17th century. In the early 18th century the Guaná lived in seven large villages of 1,000 or more people on the western side of the Paraguay River between 19 and 22 south latitudes. Later in the 18th century, some of them migrated along with the Mbayá east of the Paraguay River. They were estimated, perhaps generously, in the early 18th century to have numbered 18,000 to 30,000. In 1793 they numbered about 8,200.[7]
The Guaná provided Mbayá chiefs with labor, agricultural products, textiles, and wives and in exchange were given protection and European goods such as iron tools by the Mbayá. The cultures of the Guaná and Mbayá slowly became more similar as the Mbayá adopted agriculture and weaving and the Guaná became equestrian. The Mbayá augmented their numbers, strictly limited by late marriages and abortion, by intermarriage with Guaná and captive women of other ethnic groups.[8] Spanish chroniclers describe the Guaná as docile. The Mbayá, arrogant and ethnocentric, were described by Spanish chroniclers as surprisingly benign and respectful in dealing with their Guaná subjects.[9]
By 1850 the Guaná had broken their relationship with the Mbayá and were living in the area of Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The largest sub-tribe of the Guaná was the Tereno who numbered 3 to 4 thousand at the time.[10] In 2001, they were called the Terêna, and 16,000 if them were living in the same area.[11]
Distribution
There are some Chané communities still living in the
See also
- Arawak
- Chané language
- Maipurean languages
References
- ^ Censo Nacional de Población, Hogares y Viviendas 2010 Archived 2016-04-09 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Chané." Ethnologue. (retrieved 16 May 2011)
- ^ Censo Nacional de Poblacion, Hogares y Viviendas," https://www.indec.gov.ar/ftp/cuadros/poblacion/censo2010_tomo1.pdf Archived 2016-11-13 at the Wayback Machine, accessed 18 Dec 2017
- ^ Tras la Huella de los Chané, El Deber, June 1, 2003
- ^ "Fuerte de Samaipata". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 23 Sep 2016.
- Project MUSE.
- ^ Steward, pp. 239-240
- ^ Saegar, pp. 18, 87-88, 116
- ^ Hemming, John (1978), Red Gold: The Conquest of the Brazilian Indians, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp 394-395
- ^ Steward, Julian H. (1946), Handbook of South American Indians, Volume 1, The Marginal Tribes, Washington: Smithsonian Institution, pp 238-241
- ^ "Terêna", http://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/ter/, accessed 28 Dec 2017
- ^ Glosario de lenguas indígenas sudamericanas, Edgardo Civallero, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba