Chanda Sahib

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Chanda Sahib
Died12 June 1752
Military career
Allegiance
Nawab of the Carnatic

Rank
Carnatic Wars, Seven Years' War
Robert Clive and the combined forces of the Carnatic Sultanate, Chanda Sahib, assisted by a small number of troops from the French East India Company
.

Chanda Sahib (died 12 June 1752) was a subject of the

Marathas of Thanjavur
and executed.

He was the son-in-law of the Nawab of Carnatic Dost Ali Khan,[1] under whom he worked as a Dewan.

Chanda Sahib, an ally of the

Tinnevelly
into the dominions of the Mughal Empire.

He was weakened by constant

Hindu subjects in the Tanjore army.[2][3]

Early life

His birth name was Husayn Dost Khan.

Chanda Sahib sought the investiture of the Mughal Emperor

Nawab of Tinnevelly" and gathered his own army of 3500 men and even received 400 French infantry from Dupleix
.

Subduing Madurai

See also:
Madurai Nayaks and Chanda Sahib invasion of Travancore

Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha died in 1731, and was succeeded by his widow

Vangaru Thirumala, the father of her adopted son, who pretended to have claims of his own to the throne of Madurai
. At this juncture representatives of the Mughals appeared on the scene and took an important part in the struggle.

The local representative of the Mughal in present-day Andhra Pradesh was the

Hyderabad, who was in theory both a subordinate of the emperor, and the superior of the Nawab[citation needed
].

In 1734 — about the time, in fact, that Meenakshi and Vangaru Tirumala were fighting for the crown — an expedition was sent by the then Nawab of

Arcot to exact tribute and submission from the kingdoms of the Deep-South [citation needed
]. The leaders of this expedition were the Nawab Dost Ali khan's son, Safdar Ali Khan, and his nephew and confidential adviser, the well-known Chanda Sahib.

The invaders took Tanjore by storm and, leaving the stronghold of Trichinopoly untouched, reached Madurai, wherein they took part in the quarrel between Meenakshi and Vangaru Tirumala. The latter approached Safdar Ali Khan with an offer of 30,000 gold and silver coins if he would oust the Meenakshi in favour of himself. Unwilling to attack Trichinopoly, the Muslim prince contented himself with solemnly declaring Vangaru Tirumala to be king and took 30,000 gold and silver coins. He then marched away, leaving Chanda Sahib to enforce his award as best he could. Meenakshi, was immediately alarmed at the turn affairs now had taken, had little difficulty in persuading that facile politician to accept her tribute of 100,000 silver and gold coins and declared her duly entitled to the throne[citation needed].

Meenakshi required Chanda Sahib to swear on the Quran that he would adhere faithfully to his engagement. He was honorably admitted into the Trichinopoly fort and Vangaru Tirumala — apparently with the good will of the queen, who, did not seem to have wished him any harm and allowed him to venture into Madurai, to rule over that region and Tinnevelly [citation needed].

Career

Nawab of the Carnatic
, Chanda Sahib.

Chanda Sahib accepted a large tributes for protection and departed to

Mughal Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur
.

Chanda Sahib eventually marched against Vangaru Tirumala, who still was ruling in the south, defeated him at Ammaya Nayakkanur and

Madurai Nayak
.

For a time, Chanda Sahib had his own way. His success was regarded with suspicion and even hostility by the

Nawab of Arcot. But family loyalties prevented a rupture and Chanda Sahib was left undisturbed, while he strengthened the fortifications of Trichinopoly and appointed his two brothers as governors of the strongholds of Dindigul and Madurai. It was at this period that he subjugated the king of Tanjore, although he did not annex his territory, and he compelled them to cede Karaikal
to the French. On 14 February 1739, Karaikal became a French colony.

Maratha interlude (1740—1743)

Unable to help themselves against the Europeans and the subjects of The Mogul, the king of

Marathas of Satara in Maharashtra
.

These Maratha of the Carnatic had their own grievance against the Muslims of

Tanjore also were encouraged to attempt reprisals by the Nizam of Hyderabad
, who — jealous of the increasing power of the Nawab and careless of the loyalty due to co-religionists — gladly would have seen his dangerous subordinate brought to the ground.

Early in 1740, therefore, the Marathas appeared in the south with a vast army, and defeated and killed the

Nawab of Arcot (Dost Ali Khan) in the pass of Damalcheruvu, now in Chittoor district. Then they came to an understanding with his son, the Safdar Ali Khan, recognised him as Nawab, in return, Khan accepted Maratha suzerainty and undertook to pay Marathas, an indemnity of 40 lakh rupees and a regular Chauth.[4]

With the

Chhattrapati Shahu.[5][6][7]

In 1741, the

Travancore-Dutch War had broken out, during the course of the conflict it was the policy of the subjects of the Mogul
to support European mercantile presence in the Indian subcontinent.

Nawab of the Carnatic

The Second Carnatic War (1749-1754)

Main article:
Second Carnatic War

After the death of the

Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan in Carnatic
. This led to the Second Carnatic War.

Defeat at Arcot

Main article:
Battle of Arcot
Clive at the siege of Arcot (1751)

In 1751, there was an ongoing scuffle between

Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah to escape to the rock-fort in Tiruchirapalli
.

Defeat at Trichinopoly

Chanda Sahib followed and with the help of the French, led the

Muhammed Yusuf Khan as a Subedar
may have been in this force. There he was defeated by English forces, that mostly enlisted Indians.

Death

At

Arcot
, and later at Kaveripakkam (Tirukattupalli/koviladi), Chanda Sahib's son was defeated and later killed by the British.

Following this Chanda Sahib escaped to what was probably his hometown at Tanjore, only to be captured by the "Maratha army of Tanjore". He was beheaded by the Maratha Tanjore Raja named Pratap Singh of Thanjavur.

The English quickly installed

Nawab of Arcot
in 1754 and most of Chanda Sahib's native forces defected to the English.

Titles held

Preceded by
Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan
Nawab of Carnatic

(Recognised by the French)
1749–1752 		Succeeded by
Muhammed Ali Khan Wallajah

See also

References

  1. ISBN 9788131300343
    .
  2. ^ Brittlebank, p. 22
  3. ^ Dodwell, H. H. (ed), Cambridge History of India, Vol. v.
  4. ISBN 9788189093068
    .
  5. ISBN 978-0-8364-1262-8
    .
  6. ISBN 978-0-313-33538-9
    .
  7. ^ Subramanian, K. R. (1928). The Maratha Rajas of Tanjore. Madras: K. R. Subramanian. pp. 52–53.

External Articles

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