Changhsingian

Coordinates: 31°04′55″N 119°42′23″E / 31.0819°N 119.7064°E / 31.0819; 119.7064
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Changhsingian
254.14 ± 0.07 – 251.9 Ma
↓
Age
Stratigraphic unitStage
Time span formalityFormal
Lower boundary definitionMeishan, Zhejiang, China
Lower boundary GSSPFAD of the Conodont Clarkina wangi
31°04′55″N 119°42′23″E / 31.0819°N 119.7064°E / 31.0819; 119.7064
Lower GSSP ratified2005[2]
Upper boundary definitionFAD of the Conodont Hindeodus parvus.
Upper boundary GSSPMeishan, Zhejiang, China
31°04′47″N 119°42′21″E / 31.0798°N 119.7058°E / 31.0798; 119.7058
Upper GSSP ratified2001[3]

In the

Ma ago. It is preceded by the Wuchiapingian age/stage and is followed by the Induan age/stage (Early Triassic epoch).[4]

The greatest

eon, the Permian–Triassic extinction event
, occurred around the end of this age.

Stratigraphic definitions

The Changhsingian is named after Changxing (Chinese: 长兴; pinyin: Chángxīng; Wade–Giles: Ch’ang-hsing) in northern Zhejiang, China. The stage was named for the Changhsing Limestone.[5] The name was first used for a stage in 1970[6][7] and was anchored in the international timescale in 1981.[2]

The base of the Changhsingian Stage is at the first appearance of the

ammonite Otoceras, that existed no more than 100,000 years, in the boreal region was considered a marker of the Lower Triassic boundary. However, a more detailed study of Lower Induan biostratigraphy revealed the diachronicity of the appearance of these mollusks in different regions of the Earth.[8]

The Changhsingian contains only one ammonoid biozone: that of the genus Iranites.

Changhsingian life

Main page: Category:Changhsingian life

The Changhsingian ended with the

Era, when both global biodiversity and alpha diversity (community-level diversity) were devastated.[9]

On land, the Changhsingian fauna comprised

parareptiles like Elginia, milleretids and Nanoparia
.

Among fishes, the

chondrichthyan faunas of Wuchiapingian to Changhsingian age.[11]

The conodont Vjalovognathus carinatus is known from the Selong Formation of Tibet;[12] more common conodonts include the genera Clarkina and Hindeodus.

Changhsingian aged

taxa.[13]

The

Pseudogastrioceras, Dzhulfites, Paratirolites, Julfotirolites, Alibashites, Abichites, Stoyanowites and Arasella[14]

The

bivalve community with 26 species adapted to stressful conditions (high temperatures, high salinity, shallow water depths, low oxygen and high terrigenous input).[15] The formation is otherwise known for abundant Bellerophon fossils.[16]

In Australia, fossils of one of the last surviving eurypterids, ?Woodwardopterus freemanorum, were found.[17]

Notable formations

* Tentatively assigned to the Changhsingian; age estimated primarily via terrestrial tetrapod biostratigraphy (for terrestrial formations)

References

  1. ^ "Chart/Time Scale". www.stratigraphy.org. International Commission on Stratigraphy.
  2. ^
    doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2006/v29i3/003. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2011-07-07..
  3. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/004. Archived
    (PDF) from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  4. ^ Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G.; Smith, A.G. (2004). A Geologic Time Scale 2004. Cambridge University Press.
  5. Geological Survey of China
    . p. 529.
  6. ^ Furnish, W.M.; Glenister, B.F. (1970). "Permian ammonite Cyclolobus from the Salt Range, West Pakistan". In Kummel, B.; Teichert, G. (eds.). Stratigraphic boundary problems, Permian and Triassic of west Pakistan. Geological Department of Kansas University, Special Publication. Vol. 4. pp. 158–176.
  7. ^ Furnish, W.M.; Glenister, B.F (1973). "Permian stages names". In Logan, A.; Hills, L.V. (eds.). The Permian and Triassic systems and their mutual boundary. Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists Memoir. Vol. 2. pp. 522–548.
  8. ^
    doi:10.26907/2542-064X.2019.4.550-570. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 31, 2022.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  9. PMID 18198148
    .
  10. S2CID 5332637
    .
  11. ISSN 1214-1119
    .
  12. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2017.05.014
    .
  13. PMID 31531267
    .
  14. S2CID 130932875
    .
  15. hdl:11392/2508931
    .
  16. ^ Stache, G. (1877). "Beiträge zur Fauna der Bellerphonkalke Südtirols 1, Cephalopoden und Gastropoden" (PDF). Jahrbuch der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt (in German). 27 (3). Wien: 272–318.
  17. ISSN 0891-2963
    .

External links
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