Chapels of Versailles

Coordinates: 48°48′18″N 2°7′20″E / 48.80500°N 2.12222°E / 48.80500; 2.12222
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Ancien Régime
(Bluche, 1986, 1991; Petitfils, 1995; Solnon, 1987).

History of the chapels

Plan of the main floor (c. 1837, with north to the right), showing the Royal Chapel in yellow, the Hall of Mirrors in red, the Hall of Battles in green, and the Royal Opera in blue.

First chapel

The château's first chapel dated from the time of Louis XIII, and was located in a detached pavilion at the northeast of the château. Today, the pièce de la vaisselle d'or in the Petit appartement du roi occupies the approximate site of this first chapel.

It followed the two-story palatine model, which was traditional in France; successive chapels at Versailles also followed this model. This chapel was demolished in 1665 during construction of the Grotte de Thétys (Batifol, 1909, 1913; Kimball, 1944; Le Guillou, 1983, 1989; Marie, 1968; Verlet, 1985).

Second chapel

The second chapel was constructed as part of Louis XIV's second building campaign (1669–1672), when Louis Le Vau constructed the Château Neuf. When the new part of the château was completed, the chapel was situated in the Grand appartement de la reine and formed the symmetrical pendant with the Salon de Diane in the Grand appartement du roi. This chapel was used by the royal family and court until 1678, when time a new chapel was built, and the structure converted into the Salle des Gardes de la Reine (Félibien, 1674; Kimball, 1944; Le Guillou, 1983, 1989; Marie, 1972, 1976; Scudéry, 1669; Verlet, 1985).

Third chapel

Louis XIV in prayer in the chapel of 1682 (miniature in the Heures de Louis le Grand, 1693, Bibliothèque nationale de France, ms. 9477, folio a verso)[1]

Located next to the new Salle des Gardes de la Reine, this chapel served Versailles for a short period. Soon after its construction, Louis XIV found it inconvenient and impractical for his needs as well as those of his court, which he had officially installed at Versailles in 1682. That same year, this room was converted into the Grande Salles des Gardes de la Reine (and now exists as la Salle du Sacre) and a new chapel was built (Combes, 1681; Kimball, 1944; Le Guillou, 1983, 1989; Marie, 1972, 1976; Verlet, 1985).

Fourth chapel

With the construction of the Aile du Nord, the north wing of the château, a new chapel was built. This project necessitated the destruction of the Grotte de Thétys;[2][circular reference] it was on this site that the new chapel was built in 1682. When the fourth chapel was constructed, the Salon de l'Abondance, which had served as the entry to the Cabinet des Médailles in the Petit appartement du roi, was transformed into the Vestibule de la Chapelle — so named as it was from this upper level of the chapel that the king and select members of the royal family heard daily Mass. This chapel remained in use until 1710, and was witness to many of the important events of the court and royal family during the reign of Louis XIV. Today, the Salon d'Hercule and the lower vestibule occupy the space of this site (Félibien, 1703; Kimball, 1944; Le Guillou, 1983, 1989; Marie, 1972, 1976; Piganiole de la Force, 1701; Verlet, 1985).

Fifth chapel

Aerial view of Louis XIV's Baroque chapel at Versailles

As the focal point of Louis XIV's fourth (and last) building campaign (1699–1710), the fifth and final chapel of the château of Versailles is an unreserved masterpiece. Begun in 1689, construction was halted due to the

Palace of Caserta
(Defilippis, 1968).

Dedicated to Saint Louis, patron saint of the Bourbons, the chapel was consecrated in 1710. The palatine model is of course traditional; however, the Corinthian colonnade of the tribune level is of a classic style that anticipates the neo-classicism that evolved during the 18th century, although its use here bespeaks a remarkable virtuosity. The tribune level is accessed by a vestibule, known as the Salon de la Chapelle, that was built at the same time as the chapel. The Salon de la Chapelle is decorated with white stone and the bas-relief sculpture, Louis XIV Crossing the Rhine by Nicolas and Guillaume Coustou forms the focal point of the rooms décor[4] (Nolhac, 1912–1913; Verlet, 1985; Walton, 1993).

Altar of the chapel of Versailles

The floor of the chapel itself is inlaid with polychromatic marble, and at the steps at the foot of the

Charles de la Fosse's The Resurrection of Christ; and, above the royal tribune is Jean Jouvenet's
The Descent of the Holy Ghost upon the Virgin and the Apostles (Nolhac, 1912–1913; Walton, 1993).

Engraving of the wedding ceremony of Marie Antoinette and the future Louis XVI, who were married in the chapel on May 16, 1770.

During the 18th century, the chapel witnessed many court events.

Marie-Antoinette. However, of all the ceremonies held in the chapel, those associated the Order of the Holy Spirit were among the most elaborate.[5]
(Blondel, 1752–1756; Bluche, 2000; Boughton, 1986; Campan, 1823; Croÿ-Solre, 1906–1921; Hézuques, 1873; Luynes, 1860–1865; Nolhac, 1912–1913).

The chapel was de-consecrated in the 19th century and has since served as a venue for state and private events. Musical concerts are often held in this present chapel of Versailles.[6]

Organ

The organ of the royal chapel of Versailles

The organ of the fifth chapel of Versailles was built by Robert Clicquot and Julien Tribuot in 1709–1710.[7] His first official presentation took place on Pentecost, Juin 8, 1710; the organist was Jean-Baptiste Buterne.[8][9][10]

Marriages
Discography
  1. the Du Roy-Soleil à la Révolution, l'orgue de la Chapelle royale de Versailles / From the Sun King to the Revolution, the organ of the Royal Chapel of Versailles. Marina Tchebourkina at the Great Organ of the Royal Chapel of the Palace of Versailles. — 2004. (EAN 13 : 3760075340032)
  2. Louis Claude Daquin, l'œuvre intégrale pour orgue /
    Louis Claude Daquin
    , Complete organ works    . Marina Tchebourkina at the Great Organ of the Royal Chapel of the Palace of Versailles. — 2004. (EAN 13 : 3760075340049)
  3. Louis Marchand, l'œuvre intégrale pour orgue / Louis Marchand, Complete organ works. Marina Tchebourkina at the Great Organ of the Royal Chapel of the Palace of Versailles. 2-CD set. — 2005. (EAN 13 : 3760075340056)
  4. François Couperin, l'œuvre intégrale pour orgue / François Couperin, Complete organ works. Marina Tchebourkina at the Great Organ of the Royal Chapel at the Palace of Versailles. 2-CD set. — 2005. (EAN 13 : 3760075340063)
Bibliography
  1. ISBN 978-2-911662-09-6
    ).
  2. Чебуркина М. Н. Французское органное искусство Барокко: Музыка, Органостроение, Исполнительство (French Baroque Organ Art: Musique, Organ building, Performance). — Paris : Natives, 2013. — 848 с. (
    ISBN 978-2-911662-10-2
    ).
  3. M. Tchebourkina. The Organ of the Royal Chapel: from the Sun King to… well after the Revolution // Livret CD – Du Roy-Soleil à la Révolution, l'orgue de la Chapelle royale de Versailles. — Paris : Natives / CDNAT03, 2004. — P. 39–48. (EAN 13 : 3760075340032).
  4. M. Tchebourkina. Nouveaux regards sur Le Marché ancien : Ce qui fut fait, fut-il fourni ? (The new views on The Ancient Deal: What was done, was it provided?) // Livret CD – Du Roy-Soleil à la Révolution, l'orgue de la Chapelle royale de Versailles. — Paris : Natives / CDNAT03, 2004. — P. 51–54 (EAN 13 : 3760075340032).
  5. M. Tchebourkina. Nouveaux regards sur Le Marché ancien : Le jeu des nouveaux jeux (The new views on The Ancient Deal: Play of new Stops) // Livret CD – Louis Claude Daquin, l'œuvre intégrale pour orgue. — Paris : Natives / CDNAT04, 2004. — P. 47–50 (EAN 13 : 3760075340049).
  6. M. Tchebourkina. L'orgue de la Chapelle royale de Versailles : À la recherche d'une composition perdue (The Organ of the Royal Chapel of Versailles: In search of a lost Organ Disposition) // L'Orgue. — Lyon, 2007. 2007–IV No. 280. — P. 3–112 (
    ISSN 0030-5170
    ).
  7. M. Tchebourkina. Tricentenaire de l'orgue de la Chapelle royale de Versailles (1710–2010) : De la première mise en service de l'orgue (Tricentary of the Organ of the Royal Chapel of Versailles (1710–2010): About the first official putting into service of the organ ) // L'Orgue. — Lyon, 2009. 2009–III–IV No. 287–288. — P. 258–260 (
    ISSN 0030-5170
    ).
  8. M. Tchebourkina. L'orgue de la Chapelle royale de Versailles (1710–2010) : Les progrès de la connaissance ou l'art difficile de l'humilité (The Organ of the Royal Chapel of Versailles (1710–2010): Advances in knowledges, or Difficult art of humility) // L'Orgue. — Lyon, 2010. 2010–III No. 291. — P. 35–69 (
    ISSN 0030-5170
    ).
  9. M. Tchebourkina. Tricentenaire de l'orgue de la Chapelle royale de Versailles (1710–2010) (Tricentary of the Organ of the Royal Chapel of Versailles (1710–2010)) // Versalia. — Versailles, 2011. No. 14. — P. 143–175 (
    ISSN 1285-8412
    ).

Notes

  1. ^ Edmunds 2002, color plate 10, before p. 65.
  2. ^ Grotto of Thetys in French Wikipedia
  3. ^ Cette belle chapelle de Versailles, si mal proportionnée, qui semble un enfeu par le haut et vouloir écraser le château (Saint-Simon p. 244)
  4. ^ This bas relief was originally intended to decorate the Salon de la Guerre.
  5. ^ 1 January was the feast day of the order and promotions into the order were held on this day in the chapel of Versailles
  6. ^ Source: Official site of the Château de Versailles Archived 2008-07-23 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ M. Tchebourkina. L'Orgue de la Chapelle royale de Versailles, Trois siècles d'histoire. — Paris : Natives, 2010. — P. 104.
  8. ^ M. Tchebourkina. Tricentenaire de l'orgue de la Chapelle royale de Versailles (1710–2010) : De la première mise en service de l'orgue // L'Orgue. — Lyon, 2009. 2009–III–IV № 287–288. — P. 258–260.
  9. ^ M. Tchebourkina. L'Orgue de la Chapelle royale de Versailles, Trois siècles d'histoire. — Paris : Natives, 2010. — P. 175–178.
  10. ^ Чебуркина М. Н. Французское органное искусство Барокко: Музыка, Органостроение, Исполнительство (French Baroque Organ Art: Musique, Organ building, Performance). — Paris : Natives, 2013. — P. 491–492.

Sources

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48°48′18″N 2°7′20″E / 48.80500°N 2.12222°E / 48.80500; 2.12222

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