Characidae
Characidae | |
---|---|
Red phantom tetras (Hyphessobrycon sweglesi) | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Characiformes |
Suborder: | Characoidei
|
Family: | Characidae Latreille , 1825
|
Subfamilies[1] | |
Aphyocharacinae Characinae Cheirodontinae Gymnocharacinae Heterocharacinae Iguanodectinae Pristellinae Rhoadsiinae Salmininae Stethaprioninae Stevardiinae Tetragonopterinae and see text |
Characidae, the characids or characins, is a
These fish vary in length; many are less than 3 cm (1.2 in). One of the smallest species, Hyphessobrycon roseus, grows to a maximum length of 1.9 cm.[4]
These fish inhabit a wide range and variety of habitats. New World fishes, they originate in the
Systematics
This section needs additional citations for verification. (January 2024) |
This family has undergone a large amount of systematic and
Other fish families that were formerly classified as members of the Characidae, but which were moved into separate families of their own during recent taxonomic revisions (after 1994) include
The larger piranhas were originally classified as belonging to the Characidae, but various revisions place them in their own related family, the Serrasalmidae. This reassignment has yet to enjoy universal acceptance, but is gaining in popularity among taxonomists working with these fishes. Given the current state of flux of the Characidae, a number of other changes will doubtless take place, reassigning once-familiar species to other families. Indeed, the entire phylogeny of the Ostariophysi – fishes possessing a Weberian apparatus – has yet to be settled conclusively. Until that phylogeny is settled, the opportunity for yet more upheavals within the taxonomy of the characoid fishes is considerable.
Classification
Phylogeny
Phylogeny of Characidae from Melo et al. 2015[7] with clade names from van der Laan 2017.[8] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Taxonomy
The subfamilies and tribes currently recognized by most if not all authors, and their respective genera, are:[8]
Subfamily Spintherobolus clade
Subfamily
- Tribe Rhoadsiini[Astyanax clade]
- Tribe Stygichthyini[Jupiaba clade]
- Tribe Pristellini[Hemigrammus clade; Aphyoditini]
- Tribe Stethaprionini
- Tribe Gymnocharacini
- Tribe Scissorini
Subfamily
- Tribe Eretmobryconini
- Tribe Xenurobryconini
- Tribe Argopleura clade
- Tribe Glandulocaudini
- Tribe Stevardiini
- Tribe Hemibryconini
- Tribe Creagrutini
- Tribe Landonini
- Tribe Phenacobryconini
- Tribe Trochilocharacini
- Tribe Diapomini
Subfamily
- Tribe Protocheirodontini
- Tribe Pseudocheirodontini
- Tribe Aphyocharacini
- Tribe Cheirodontini
- Tribe Compsurini
- Tribe Exodontini
- Tribe Tetragonopterini
- Tribe Characini
Subfamily Pristellinae[14]
Former members
The Chalceidae, Iguanodectidae, Bryconidae and Heterocharacinae are the most recent clades to be removed in order to maintain a monophyletic Characidae.[6]
Subfamily Iguanodectinae moved to Iguanodectidae
Subfamily
- Gnathocharax
- Heterocharax
- Hoplocharax
- Lonchogenys
Subfamily Bryconinae moved to Bryconidae
Subfamily
Genera incertae sedis
- Chalceus moved to Chalceidae
Genera incertae sedis
A large number of
References
- ^ a b c FishBase (2011)
- ^ Characinae, recently narrowly defined, covers only twelve genera and 79 species closely related to Charax (George M.T. Mattox, Monica Toledo-Piza, "Phylogenetic study of the Characinae (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae)" Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 165.4:809–915, August 2012).
- ^ a b c d e Nelson (2006)
- ^ "Hyphessobrycon roseus (GÉRY, 1960) Yellow Phantom Tetra". Seriously Fish. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
- ^ "Characidae". shadowraven.net. Retrieved 2019-02-01.
- ^ a b Oliveira, C., Avelino, G.S., Abe, K.T., Mariguela, T.C., Benine, R.C., Orti, G., Vari, R.P., & Correa e Castro, R.M. (2011): Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11: 275. doi: 10.1186/1471-2148-11-275
- ^ Bruno F. Melo, Ricardo C. Benine, Gabriel S.C. Silva, Gleisy S. Avelino, Claudio Oliveira: Molecular phylogeny of the Neotropical fish genus Tetragonopterus (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, November 2015, doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.10.022
- ^ ISSN 2468-9157.
- ^ Netto-Ferreira, A.L., Birindelli, J.L.O., de Sousa, L.M., Mariguela, T.C. & Oliveira, C. (2013): A New Miniature Characid (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae), with Phylogenetic Position Inferred from Morphological and Molecular Data. PLoS ONE, 8 (1): e52098. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052098
- ^ Ohara, W.M., Mirande, J.M. & Lima, F.C.T.d. (2017): Phycocharax rasbora, a new genus and species of Brazilian tetra (Characiformes: Characidae) from Serra do Cachimbo, rio Tapajós basin. PLoS ONE, 12 (2): e0170648.
- ^ Mattox, G.M.T., Britz, R., Toledo-Piza, M. & Marinho, M.M.F. (2013): Cyanogaster noctivaga, a remarkable new genus and species of miniature fish from the Rio Negro, Amazon basin (Ostariophysi: Characidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (4): 297-318.
- ^ Vari, R.P., Melo, B.F. & Oliveira, C. (2016): Protocheirodon, a new genus of Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes) with the redescription of the poorly known Protocheirodon pi. Neotropical Ichthyology, 14 (2): e150154.
- ^ Malabarba, L.R. & Jerep, F.C. (2012): A New Genus and Species of Cheirodontine Fish from South America (Teleostei: Characidae). Copeia, 2012 (2): 243-250.
- ^ Bailly, Nicolas (2015). "Pristellinae Géry & Boutière, 1964". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
- ^ a b de Lucena (2003)
- Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). "Characidae" in FishBase. October 2011 version.
- de Lucena, Carlos Alberto Santos (2003): New characid fish, Hyphessobrycon scutulatus, from the rio Teles Pires drainage, upper rio Tapajós system (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Characidae). Neotropical Ichthyology 1(2): 93-96. PDF fulltext
- ISBN 0-87666-458-3
- ISBN 0-471-25031-7