Charge at Irbid

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Charge at Irbid
Part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I
Aerial photograph of the road and wadi east of Irbid
Aerial photograph of the road and wadi east of Irbid
Date26 September 1918
Location
Irbid
Result Ottoman victory[1]
Belligerents

 British Empire

 Ottoman Empire
 German Empire
Commanders and leaders
United Kingdom Edmund Allenby
Australia Harry Chauvel
British Raj George Barrow
German Empire Otto Liman von Sanders
Ottoman Empire Mohammed Jemal Pasha
Units involved
Remnants of the
Fourth Army
Yildirim Army Group

The Charge at Irbid occurred on 26 September 1918 as a consequence of the victory at the

Ottoman Army garrison defending the town of Irbid
.

Remnants of the

Deraa
.

The 4th Cavalry Division at Jisr el Mejamie and Beisan was ordered to march east to intercept this remnant of the Fourth Army. At Irbid the 2nd Lancers charged Ottoman rearguard units but were strongly counter-attacked and defeated. By the next morning the Ottoman force had withdrawn from the town.

Background

Liman von Sanders and Fourth Army withdraws

Gullett's Map 43 Detail shows positions of the retreating remnants of the Yildirim Army Group, Beisan, Irbid and Deraa with the Jordan River on the left and the Pilgrims' Road on right

Yarmuk to Irbid to Deraa line.[2][3][4] He had found Deraa "fairly secure,"[5] due to the actions of its commandant Major Willmer, placing him in temporary command of the new front stretching from Deraa. During the evening of 21 September Liman von Sanders met the leaders of several thousand druses, who agreed to remain neutral.[5]

By 26 September the Fourth Army's Amman garrison (less the

rearguard captured at Amman) had not been "heavily engaged,"[6] and "was still intact as a fighting force even though it was in rapid retreat."[7]

Sherifial Army

Three quarters of

remnants of the Ottoman Fourth Army retreated northward via Deraa towards Damascus they were pursued by Arab forces.[9][10]

4th Cavalry Division

Transport crossing the Wadi el Bireh near Jisr el Mejamie on 27 September – it took two days to get 30 lorries across. Here 14 German lorries were bogged and abandoned.

During the cavalry phase of the

Jisr ed Damieh and Beisan, garrisoning Beisan and the Jisr el Mejamie crossing of the Jordan River north of Beisan.[11]

On 25 September the

Central India Horse,[Note 1] 10th Cavalry Brigade, which had been garrisoning Jisr el Mejamie since 23 September, was joined by the remainder of the 10th Cavalry Brigade. They arrived from Beisan with orders to advance as quickly as possible to Irbid and Deraa, and to contact Feisal's Sherifial Army. The brigade began their advance to Deraa on 26 September, when they left Jisr el Mejamie and crossed the Jordan River, while the remainder of the 4th Cavalry Division followed, leaving Beisan for Jisr el Mejamie. The division's rearguard; the 11th Cavalry Brigade arrived at Jisr el Mejamie at 18:30 on 26 September.[12][13][14]

Prelude

The 4th Cavalry Division,

5th Cavalry Division in reserve, began their 90 miles (140 km) pursuit around the northern end of the Sea of Galilee to Damascus.[15][Note 2]

Battle

Falls Sketch Map 40 10th Cavalry Brigade attack on Irbid

Late in the afternoon of 26 September, the 10th Cavalry Brigade was attacked by the Fourth Army's flank guard which held the country round Irbid in force.[7] With the 2nd Lancers leading, the EEF's 10th Cavalry Brigade, 4th Cavalry Division, left Jisr el Mejamie at 08:00 on 26 September. As the regiment negotiated a "difficult defile in the gorge of the Wadi el Ghafr,"[16] 3 miles (4.8 km) west of Irbid they came under rifle fire from the plateau above. As a consequence the regimental commander ordered an immediate attack.[16] The 2nd Lancers attempted a mounted attack; the charge failing when they suffered severe losses.[6]

The 2nd Lancers' "C" Squadron was ordered to advance through the village of Bariha 1 mile (1.6 km) north-west of Irbid and get into position to attack Irbid from the east, "B" Squadron was to follow and attack mounted from the north while a third squadron (probably D Squadron), simultaneously attacked Irbid from the south with "A" Squadron in reserve. The machine gun squadron was to target attacking machine guns. (See Falls Sketch Map 40 for movements of "A" and "D" Squadrons)[1]

"C" Squadron became lost, mistaking Bariha for Irbid and played no part in the attack. "B" Squadron was held up by machine gun fire and failed to get into position; instead taking up a position 1,200 yards (1,100 m) north of Irbid, from which they fired Hotchkiss light machine guns in support of "D" Squadron's attack. After dismounting its Hotchkiss troop to provide covering fire, the approach of the, by now 48 strong "D" squadron, without its Hotchkiss troop, was heavily fired on by machine guns from the northern edge of Irbid. The ground was too rough for a charge, the squadron swinging west to attack the north-western corner of the town, but the leading troop continued straight on, to be annihilated. Only eight NCOs and men of "D" Squadron managed to retreat.[1]

The Berkshire Battery Royal Horse Artillery (RHA) did not get into position until 17:00; too late to help "D" Squadron, 2nd Lancers. However, hearing heavy firing the Central India Horse reached the plateau but its "C" Squadron, following the 2nd Lancers' "C" Squadron to Bariha also became useless, while "D" Squadron Central India Horse' advance towards Irbid was forced to move to the south. They reached a hill due south of Irbid with "B" Squadron Central India Horse in the same area, "A" Squadron 2nd Lancers had taken cover in a wadi on the western side of Irbid, when darkness ended the engagement. The 2nd Lancers and the Central India Horse suffered 46 killed and wounded, mainly from "D" Squadron 2nd Lancers.[17]

Aftermath

After holding its ground until dark, the Fourth Army remnant withdrew from Irbid during the night of 26 September, to Er Remte.[6][7]

During the night the scattered squadrons of the 2nd Lancers and Central India Horse established contact and at dawn on 27 September, patrols found Irbid "clear of the enemy."[18]

The 10th Cavalry Brigade had now moved on Deraa, but we saw the dead horses of the fight that had taken place at Irbid the day previously. In this [a] squadron of the 2nd Lancers had struck a snag and had lost over half its strength.

— E. B. Maunsell with the 36th Jacob's Horse, 11th Cavalry Brigade 4th Cavalry Division[12]

This was the first failed attack by the 4th Cavalry Division since 19 September.

actions, had caused the usual precautions to go by the board ... there had been little or no reconnaissance of the ground; no one had any idea of the strength of the enemy force."[19]

Anazeh an Arab tribal confederation, attacked the rearguard defending Deraa. Fighting in the town continued into the night.[8]

Between 6,000 and 7,000 German and Ottoman soldiers remaining from the Ottoman Fourth, Seventh and Eighth Armies had managed to retreat via Tiberias or Deraa towards Damascus, before these places were captured by Desert Mounted Corps on 25 and 27 September respectively, and were at or north of Muzeirib.[20][21]

Notes

  1. ^ This is the 38th King George's Own Central India Horse not to be confused with the 39th King George's Own Central India Horse which had remained in India [Preston 1921, p.335, Falls 1930 Vol. 2, p. 667]
  2. ^ These advances have been characterised as a "race for Damascus". [Gullett 1919 pp. 39–40, Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 567]

Citations

  1. ^ a b c Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 578
  2. ^ Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 511, 545
  3. ^ Keogh 1955 p. 251
  4. ^ Wavell 1968 p. 223
  5. ^ a b Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 545
  6. ^ a b c Wavell 1968 pp. 224–5
  7. ^ a b c Bruce 2002 p. 241
  8. ^ a b Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 566–7
  9. ^ Wavell 1968 p. 221
  10. ^ Woodward 2006 p. 201
  11. ^ Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 513–522, 533, 539–42
  12. ^ a b Maunsell 1926 p. 231
  13. ^ Preston 1921 p. 252
  14. ^ Gullett 1919 p. 39
  15. ^ Keogh 1955 pp. 252–3
  16. ^ a b Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 577–8
  17. ^ a b Falls 1930 Vol. 2 pp. 579–80
  18. ^ Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 579
  19. ^ Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 580
  20. ^ Cutlack 1941 pp. 167–8
  21. ^ Falls 1930 Vol. 2 p. 567

References

External links