Charles Colson

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Not to be confused with Charles Coulson.

Chuck Colson
Office of Public Liaison
In office
July 9, 1970 – March 10, 1973
PresidentRichard Nixon
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byWilliam Baroody
White House Counsel
In office
November 6, 1969 – July 9, 1970
PresidentRichard Nixon
Preceded byJohn Ehrlichman
Succeeded byJohn Dean
Personal details
Born
Charles Wendell Colson

(1931-10-16)October 16, 1931
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
DiedApril 21, 2012(2012-04-21) (aged 80)
Falls Church, Virginia, U.S.
Political partyRepublican
Spouses
Nancy Billings
​
​
(m. 1953; div. 1964)​
Patricia Hughes
​
(m. 1964)​
Children3
EducationBrown University (BA)
George Washington University (JD)

Charles Wendell Colson (October 16, 1931 – April 21, 2012), generally referred to as Chuck Colson, was an American attorney and political advisor who served as Special Counsel to President Richard Nixon from 1969 to 1970. Once known as President Nixon's "hatchet man", Colson gained notoriety at the height of the Watergate scandal, for being named as one of the Watergate Seven and also for pleading guilty to obstruction of justice for attempting to defame Pentagon Papers defendant Daniel Ellsberg.[1] In 1974, Colson served seven months in the federal Maxwell Prison in Alabama, as the first member of the Nixon administration to be incarcerated for Watergate-related charges.[2]

Colson became an evangelical Christian in 1973. His mid-life religious conversion sparked a radical life change that led to the founding of his non-profit ministry Prison Fellowship and, three years later, Prison Fellowship International, to a focus on Christian worldview teaching and training around the world. Colson was also a public speaker and the author of more than 30 books.[3] He was the founder and chairman of The Chuck Colson Center for Christian Worldview, which is a research, study, and networking center for growing in a Christian worldview, and which produces Colson's daily radio commentary, BreakPoint, heard on more than 1,400 outlets across the United States currently presented by John Stonestreet.[4][5]

Colson was a principal signer of the 1994

Roman Catholic
leaders in the United States.

Colson received 15

honorary doctorates and in 1993 was awarded the Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion, the world's largest annual award (over US$1 million) in the field of religion, given to a person who "has made an exceptional contribution to affirming life's spiritual dimension". He donated the prize to further the work of Prison Fellowship, as he did all his speaking fees and royalties. In 2008, he was awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal by President George W. Bush
.

Early life, education, and family

Charles Wendell Colson was born on October 16, 1931 in

Boston, the son of Inez "Dizzy" (née Ducrow) and Wendell Ball Colson.[6] He was of Swedish and British descent.[7]

In his youth, Colson had seen the charitable works of his parents. His mother cooked meals for the hungry during the Depression and his father donated his legal services to the United Prison Association of New England.

During World War II, Colson organized fund-raising campaigns in his school for the war effort that raised enough money to buy a Jeep for the army.[8] In 1948, he volunteered in the campaign to re-elect the Governor of Massachusetts, Robert Bradford.

After turning down a full scholarship to

Browne & Nichols School in Cambridge in 1949, he earned his AB, with honors, in history from Brown University in 1953, and his J.D., with honors, from George Washington University Law School in 1959. At Brown, he was a member of Beta Theta Pi
.

Colson's first marriage was to Nancy Billings in 1953; they have three children, Wendell Ball II (born 1954), Christian Billings (1956), and Emily Ann (1958). After some years of separation, the marriage ended in divorce in January 1964. He married Patricia Ann Hughes on April 4, 1964.

Early career

Colson served in the

Raytheon Company general counsel Paul Hannah. Colson and Morin shortened the name to Gadsby & Hannah in late 1967. Colson left the firm to join the Richard Nixon administration
in January 1969.

Nixon administration

Colson with President Richard Nixon and pollster Louis Harris on October 13, 1971, in the Oval Office

White House duties

In 1968, Colson served as counsel to

Special Counsel to President Nixon.[9]

Colson was responsible for inviting influential private special interest groups into the

organized labor, veterans, farmers, conservationists, industrial organizations, citizen groups, and almost any organized lobbying group whose objectives were compatible with the Administration's. Colson's staff broadened the White House lines of communication with organized constituencies by arranging presidential meetings and sending White House news releases of interest to the groups.[9]

In addition to his liaison and political duties, Colson's responsibilities included performing special assignments for the president, such as drafting legal briefs on particular issues, reviewing presidential appointments, and suggesting names for White House guest lists. His work also included major

antiballistic missile system, the president's Vietnamization program, and the administration's revenue-sharing proposal.[9]

"The 'Evil Genius' of an Evil Administration"

Slate magazine writer David Plotz described Colson as Nixon's "hard man, the 'evil genius' of an evil administration."[10] Colson has written that he was "valuable to the President... because I was willing... to be ruthless in getting things done".[11] Nixon's White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman described Colson as being the president's "hit man".[12][13]

Colson authored the 1971 memo listing Nixon's major political opponents, later known as

Nixon's enemies list. A quip that "Colson would walk over his own grandmother if necessary" mutated into claims in news stories that Colson had boasted that he would run over his own grandmother to re-elect Nixon.[11] In a conversation on February 13, 1973, Colson told Nixon that he had always had "a little prejudice".[14][clarification needed
]

New York City Hard Hat Riot

Main article: Hard Hat Riot

On May 4, 1970, four students were shot dead at

incursion into Cambodia.[15] As a show of sympathy for the dead students, Mayor John Lindsay ordered all flags at New York City Hall
to be flown at half-mast that same day.

A transcription made of a White House tape recording dated May 5, 1971,

re-bar which they, along with their hard hats, proceeded to use against about 1,000 high school and college students protesting the Vietnam War and the Kent State shootings. The initial attack was near the intersection of Wall Street and Broad Street, but the riot soon spread to New York City Hall and lasted a little longer than two hours. More than 70 people were injured, including four policemen. Six people were arrested.[10][18]

Two weeks after the Hard Hat Riot, Colson arranged a White House ceremony honoring the union leader most responsible for the attack,

U.S. Secretary of Labor and served under Presidents Nixon and Gerald Ford.[19]

Proposed firebombing of the Brookings Institution

Colson also proposed firebombing the Brookings Institution and stealing politically damaging documents while firefighters put out the fire.[20][21][22]

Attacking the young Vietnam veteran John Kerry

Colson's voice, from archives of April 1969, is heard in the 2004 movie

demagogue before he becomes another Ralph Nader."[23][24] In a phone conversation with Nixon on April 28, 1971, Colson said, "This fellow Kerry that they had on last week... He turns out to be really quite a phony."[23][24]

Watergate and Ellsberg scandals

Watergate scandal
The Watergate complex in 2006
Events
List
People
Watergate burglars
Groups
CRP
White House
Judiciary
Journalists
Intelligence community
Congress
Related

Colson attended some meetings of the

Jeb Magruder
as a senior staffer, and Magruder was instead sent over to CRP, as

"At least he can't do any harm there" replied Colson. It was one of his less prescient judgements. Unknown to Colson and most other White House personnel, Magruder had been doing enormous harm by authorizing a series of James Bond-style clandestine operations against the Democrats.[26]

At a CRP meeting on March 21, 1971, it was agreed to spend US$250,000 on "intelligence gathering" on the

FBI file to the press, but denied organizing Hunt's burglary of Ellsberg's office.[11] In his 2005 book The Good Life,[30]
Colson expressed regret for attempting to cover up the incident.

Although not discovered until several years after Nixon had resigned and Colson had finished serving his prison term, the transcript of a White House conversation between Nixon and Colson tape-recorded on June 20, 1972, has denials from both men of the White House's involvement in the break-in. Hunt had been off the payroll for three months. Colson asks "Do they think I'm that dumb?". Nixon comments that "we have got to have lawyers smart enough to have our people de-, delay (unintelligible) avoiding--depositions, of course, uh, are one possibility. We've got –I think it would be a quite the thing for the judge to call in Mitchell and have a deposition in the middle of the campaign, don't you?" to which Colson responds that he would welcome a deposition because "I'm not –, because nobody, everybody's completely out of it."[31]

On March 10, 1973, 17 months before Nixon's resignation, Colson resigned from the White House to return to the private practice of law, as Senior Partner at the law firm of Colson and Shapiro, Washington, D.C.[32] However, Colson was retained as a special consultant by Nixon for several more months.[33]

Indicted

On March 1, 1974, Colson was indicted for conspiring to cover up the Watergate burglaries.[9]

Introduced to evangelical Christianity

As Colson was facing arrest, his close friend Thomas L. Phillips, chairman of the board of

evangelical Christian
.

Colson then joined a prayer group led by

UPI article, "From Watergate to Inner Peace."[37]

Pleads guilty, imprisoned

After taking the Fifth Amendment on the advice of his lawyers during early testimony, Colson found himself torn between his convictions as a Christian and his desire to avoid conviction on charges of which he believed himself innocent. After prayer and consultation with his fellowship group, Colson approached his lawyers and suggested a plea of guilty to a different criminal charge of which he did consider himself to be culpable.[38][39][40]

After days of negotiation with Watergate

District of Columbia, with the expectation of his also being prohibited from using his licenses from Virginia and Massachusetts.[44][45]

Colson served seven months in

marijuana in hopes of selling it at a profit, and had been arrested in South Carolina, where he was in college.[51] The state later dropped the charges.[45]

Interest in prison reform

Born Again, Colson's personal memoir reflecting on his religious conversion and prison term, was made into a 1978 dramatic film starring Dean Jones as Colson, Anne Francis as his wife Patty, and Harold Hughes as himself. Actor Kevin Dunn portrayed Colson in the 1995 movie Nixon.

While in prison, Colson had become increasingly aware of what he saw as injustices done to prisoners and incarcerates and shortcomings in their rehabilitation; he also had the opportunity, during a three-day furlough to attend his father's funeral, to pore over his father's papers and discover the two shared an interest in prison reform. He became convinced that he was being called by God to develop a ministry to prisoners with an emphasis in promoting changes in the justice system.

Career after prison

Prison ministry

After his release from prison, Colson founded Prison Fellowship in 1976, which today is "the nation's largest outreach to prisoners, ex-prisoners, and their families".[52][53] Colson worked to promote prisoner rehabilitation and reform of the prison system in the United States, citing his disdain for what he called the "lock 'em and leave 'em" warehousing approach to criminal justice. He helped to create prisons whose populations come from inmates who choose to participate in faith-based programs.

In 1979, Colson founded

Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. During this time, Colson also founded Justice Fellowship, using his influence in conservative political circles to push for bipartisan, legislative reforms in the U.S. criminal justice system.[54]

On June 18, 2003, Colson was invited by President George W. Bush to the White House to present results of a scientific study on the faith-based initiative, InnerChange, at the Carol Vance Unit (originally named the Jester II Unit) prison facility of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice in Fort Bend County, Texas. Colson led a small group that included Dr. Byron Johnson of the University of Pennsylvania, who was the principal researcher of the InnerChange study, a few staff members of Prison Fellowship and three InnerChange graduates to the meeting. In the presentation, Johnson explained that 171 participants in the InnerChange program were compared to a matched group of 1,754 inmates from the prison's general population. The study found that only 8 percent of InnerChange graduates, as opposed to 20.3 percent of inmates in the matched comparison group, became offenders again in a two-year period. In other words, the recidivism rate was cut by almost two-thirds for those who complete the faith-based program. Those who are dismissed for disciplinary reasons or who drop out voluntarily, or those who are paroled before completion, have a comparable rate of rearrest and incarceration.[55][56] The commonly-reported results from the study have been strongly criticized for selecting only participants who were unlikely to be rearrested (especially those who were successfully placed in post-prison jobs), and when considering all of the InnerChange study participants, their recidivism rate (24.3%) was worse than the control group (20.3%).[57][58]

Christian advocacy

Colson maintained a variety of media channels which discuss contemporary issues from an evangelical Christian worldview. In his Christianity Today columns, for example, Colson opposed same-sex marriage,[59] and argued that Darwinism is used to attack Christianity.[60] He also argued against evolution and in favor of intelligent design,[61] asserting that Darwinism led to forced sterilizations by eugenicists.[62]

Colson was an outspoken critic of

creation care movement when endorsing Christian environmentalist author Nancy Sleeth's Go Green, Save Green: A Simple Guide to Saving Time, Money, and God's Green Earth. In the early 1980s, Colson was invited to New York by David Frost's variety program on NBC for an open debate with Madalyn Murray O'Hair, the atheist who, in 1963, brought the court case (Murray v. Curlett) that eliminated official public school prayers.[63]

Colson was a member of the Family (also known as the Fellowship), described by prominent evangelical Christians as one of the most politically well-connected fundamentalist organizations in the US.[64] On April 4, 1991, Colson was invited to deliver a speech as part of the Distinguished Lecturer series at Harvard Business School. The speech was titled The Problem of Ethics, where he argued that a society without a foundation of moral absolutes cannot long survive.[65]

Colson was later a principal signer of the 1994

Jimmy Carter administration.[66]

In November 2009, Colson was a principal writer and driving force behind an ecumenical statement known as the Manhattan Declaration calling on evangelicals, Catholics and Orthodox Christians not to comply with rules and laws permitting abortion, same-sex marriage and other matters that go against their religious consciences.[67] He had previously ignited controversy within Protestant circles for his mid-90s common-ground initiative with conservative Roman Catholics Evangelicals and Catholics Together, which Colson wrote alongside prominent Roman Catholic Richard John Neuhaus. Colson was also a proponent of the Bible Literacy Project's curriculum The Bible and Its Influence for public high school literature courses.[68][non-primary source needed] Colson has said that Protestants have a special duty to prevent anti-Catholic bigotry.[69]

Political engagement

In 1988, Colson became involved with the Elizabeth Morgan case,[70] visiting Morgan in jail and lobbying to change federal law in order to free her.[71]

On October 3, 2002, Colson was one of the co-signers of the

just war in the form of a pre-emptive invasion of Iraq
.

On June 1, 2005, Colson appeared in the national news commenting on the revelation that

Benjamin Bradlee, former executive editor of The Washington Post, one of only three individuals to know who Deep Throat was prior to the public disclosure, who said he was "baffled" that Colson and Liddy were "lecturing the world about public morality" considering their role in the Watergate scandal. Bradlee stated that "as far as I'm concerned they have no standing in the morality debate."[73]

Colson also supported the passage of

Proposition 8. He signed his name to a full-page ad in the December 5, 2008 The New York Times that objected to violence and intimidation against religious institutions and believers in the wake of the passage of Proposition 8.[74] The ad said that "violence and intimidation are always wrong, whether the victims are believers, gay people, or anyone else."[75] A dozen other religious and human rights activists from several different faiths also signed the ad, noting that they "differ on important moral and legal questions", including Proposition 8.[75]

Awards and honors

Colson with President George W. Bush after receiving the Presidential Citizens Medal, December 20, 2008

From 1982 to 1995, Colson received

honorary doctorates from various colleges and universities.[46]

In 1990,

US Senator Bob Dole, and the Meadows Foundation.[76]

In 1993, Colson was awarded the Templeton Prize for Progress in Religion, the world's largest cash gift (over $1 million), which is given each year to the one person in the world who has done the most to advance the cause of religion.[77] He donated the prize, as he did all speaking fees and royalties, to further the work of Prison Fellowship.[citation needed]

In 1994, Colson was quoted in contemporary Christian music artist Steven Curtis Chapman's song "Heaven in the Real World" as saying:

Where is the hope? I meet millions of people who feel demoralized by the decay around us. The hope that each of us has is not in who governs us, or what laws we pass, or what great things we do as a nation. Our hope is in the power of God working through the hearts of people. And that's where our hope is in this country. And that's where our hope is in life.

In 1999, Colson co-authored How Now Shall We Live? with

Gold Medallion Book Award in the "Christianity and Society" category.[78] Colson had previously won the 1993 Gold Medallion award in the "Theology/Doctrine" category for The Body co-authored with Ellen Santilli Vaughn, published by Word, Inc.[79]

On February 9, 2001, the

US Senator Mark Hatfield, a long-time supporter of the council.[80]

In 2008, Colson was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President George W. Bush.

Later years

In 2000,

right to vote.[81]

On March 31, 2012, Colson underwent surgery to remove a blood clot from his brain after he fell ill while speaking at a Christian worldview conference.[82] CBN erroneously reported on April 18, 2012, that he died with his family at his side[83] but Prison Fellowship later (12:30 am on April 19 and again at 7:02 am) pointed out that he was still alive as of that moment.[84][85]

Death

On April 21, 2012, Colson died in the hospital "from complications resulting from a brain hemorrhage".[86][87][88][89][90]

Books

Colson had a long list of publications and collaborations, including over 30 books which have sold more than 5 million copies.[91] He also wrote forewords for several other books.

Year Title Publisher ISBN
1976 Born Again Chosen Books
ISBN 978-0-8007-9459-0
1979 Life Sentence Chosen Books
ISBN 0-8007-8668-8
1983 Loving God[92] HarperPaperbacks
ISBN 0-310-47030-7
1987 Kingdoms in Conflict[93]
(with Ellen Santilli Vaughn) 		William Morrow & Co
ISBN 0-688-07349-2
1989 Against the Night: Living in the New Dark Ages[94]
(with Ellen Santilli Vaughn) 		Servant Publications
ISBN 0-89283-309-2
1990 The God of Stones and Spiders Crossway Books
ISBN 978-0891075714
1991 Why America Doesn't Work[95]
(with Jack Eckerd) 		Word Publishing
ISBN 0-8499-0873-6
1993 The Body: Being Light in Darkness[96]
(with Ellen Santilli Vaughn) 		Word Books
ISBN 0-85009-603-0
1993 A Dance with Deception: Revealing the truth behind the headlines[97] Word Publishing
ISBN 0-8499-1057-9
1995 Evangelicals and Catholics Together: Toward a Common Mission
(co-edited with Richard John Neuhaus) 		Thomas Nelson
ISBN 0-8499-3860-0
1995 Gideon's Torch Word Publishing
ISBN 0-8499-1146-X
1996 Being The Body[98]
(with Ellen Santilli Vaughn) 		Thomas Nelson
ISBN 0-8499-1752-2
1997 Loving God Zondervan
ISBN 0-310-21914-0
1998 Burden of Truth: Defending the Truth in an Age of Unbelief Tyndale House
ISBN 0-8423-3475-0
1999 How Now Shall We Live[99]
(with Nancy Pearcey and Harold Fickett) 		Tyndale House
ISBN 0-8423-1808-9
2001 Justice That Restores Tyndale House
ISBN 0-8423-5245-7
2004 The Design Revolution: Answering the Toughest Questions
About Intelligent Design (with William A. Dembski) 		Inter Varsity Press
ISBN 0-8308-2375-1
2005 The Good Life
(with Harold Fickett) 		Tyndale House
ISBN 0-8423-7749-2
2007 God and Government Zondervan
ISBN 978-0-310-27764-4
2008 The Faith
(with Harold Fickett) 		Zondervan
ISBN 978-0-310-27603-6
2011 The Sky Is Not Falling: Living Fearlessly in These Turbulent Times[100] Worthy Publishing
ISBN 978-1-936034-54-3

(Some of these ISBNs are for recent editions of the older books.)

Curricula

(This is not a complete list.)

Year Title Publisher ISBN
2006 Wide Angle Purpose Driven Publishing
ISBN 978-1-4228-0083-6
2011 Doing the Right Thing DVD Zondervan
ISBN 978-0-310-42775-9
2011 Doing the Right Thing Participant's Guide Zondervan
ISBN 978-0-310-42776-6

Notes

  1. ^ A Gallery of the Guilty. Time. January 13, 1975.
  2. ^ "About Chuck Colson". Archived from the original on November 1, 2009. Retrieved November 25, 2009.
  3. ^ "Chuck Colson Bio". Archived from the original on February 3, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  4. ^ "The Chuck Colson Center". Archived from the original on April 18, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  5. ^ "Colson Center Fact Sheet". Archived from the original on April 26, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  6. ISBN 978-0-8108-6987-5
    .
  7. ISBN 0-8264-8030-6
    .
  8. ISBN 0-8423-7749-2
    .
  9. ^ a b c d e f Special Files: Charles W. Colson Archived May 27, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, United States National Archives and Records Administration
  10. ^ a b David Plotz (March 10, 2000). "Charles Colson – How a Watergate crook became America's greatest Christian conservative". Slate.
  11. ^
    ISBN 0-8007-9377-3
    . Chapter 5.
  12. ISBN 0440122392
  13. ^ "Charles Colson". washingtonpost.com.
  14. ^ Nagourney, Adam (December 10, 2010) "In Tapes, Nixon Rails About Jews and Blacks". The New York Times.
  15. ^ Kifner, "4 Kent State Students Killed by Troops," The New York Times, May 5, 1970.
  16. ^ "Tape: Nixon Wanted Thugs to Assault Demonstrators".[permanent dead link] The Palm Beach Post. September 24, 1981.
  17. ^ "Tape Reveals Nixon Backed Thugs Plan". Glasgow Herald. September 25, 1981
  18. ^ Republican Gomorrah: Inside The Movement That Shattered The Party. pp. 59–60. Max Blumenthal.
  19. ^ Republican Gomorrah: Inside The Movement That Shattered The Party. p. 60. Max Blumenthal.
  20. ^ Mehren, Elizabeth (February 18, 2003). "Insanity in Nixon's White House". Los Angeles Times. (Text available here.)
  21. ISBN 0-671-81248-3
    .
  22. ISBN 0-684-81323-8
    , pp. 47–48. References Nixon's memoirs regarding firebombing.
  23. ^ a b With antiwar role, high visibility, Boston Globe, June 17, 2003
  24. ^ a b Nixon targeted Kerry for anti-war views, Brian Williams, NBC News, March 16, 2004
  25. ^ Aitken, 2005, p. 166
  26. ^ Aitken, 2005, p. 178
  27. ^ Rosen, John (June 2008). "The Strong Man – John Mitchell and the Secrets of Watergate". The Washington Post.
  28. ^ Aitken, 2005, p. 155
  29. ^ Aitken, 2005, p. 156
  30. ISBN 0-8423-7749-2
    .
  31. ^ "'Transcript of a Meeting Between the President and Charles Colson' June 20, 1972 White House conversation of Richard Nixon and Charles Colson, p. 15" (PDF). Watergate Special Prosecution Force Transcripts. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 22, 2015. Retrieved August 13, 2015.
  32. ^ Papers of Charles Wendell Colson – Collection 275 Archived April 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Archives, Billy Graham Center, December 8, 2004.
  33. ISBN 0-684-81323-8
  34. ^ William Buckley. "Colson Christianity skepticism unfounded," originally in Washington Star and reprinted in The Dallas Morning News, June 28, 1974, p. 21A.
  35. ^ "The Man Who Converted to Softball". Time. June 17, 1974. Archived from the original on January 5, 2013.
  36. ^ Colson, Charles W. Born Again. Chosen Books, 1975
  37. ^ United Press International. "From Watergate to Inner Peace," The Dallas Morning News, December 20, 1973, p. 8A.
  38. ^ Maryln Schwartz. "Prayer for Colson," The Dallas Morning News, June 7, 1974, p. 8A.
  39. ^ "About Chuck Colson". breakpoint.org. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007.
  40. ^ Howard Chua-Eoan (April 21, 2012). "The Watergate Dirty Trickster Who Found God: Charles Colson (1931–2012)". time.com.
  41. ^ Carl Rowan. "Colson could bring swift end to puzzle," The Dallas Morning News, June 10, 1974, p. 23A.
  42. ^ Clark Mollenhoff. "Colson could mean trouble," The Dallas Morning News, June 29, 1974, p. 19A.
  43. ^ Associated Press. "Colson ordered to serve 1 to 3 years in prison," The Dallas Morning News, June 22, 1974, p. 1A.
  44. ^ "Court Disbars Charles Colson," The Dallas Morning News, June 27, 1974, p. 12A.
  45. ^ a b Timothy M. Phelps (June 17, 2012). "Charles Colson dies at 80; Watergate felon and prison reformer". Los Angeles Times.
  46. ^ a b "About Chuck Colson". Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved December 13, 2006.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), BreakPoint website
  47. ITT
    and milk matters."
  48. ^ a b c d "Charles Colson, Nixon counsel, ordered freed," The Dallas Morning News, February 1, 1975, p. 1A.
  49. ^ "Colson begins prison term with data offer," The Dallas Morning News, p. 2A.
  50. ^ Born Again, Chapter 27.
  51. ISBN 0-912376-13-9
    .
  52. ^ "Prison Fellowship: A Timeline". Archived from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  53. ^ "Nation's Largest Prison Ministry Announces Appointment of New CEO". June 6, 2011. Archived from the original on May 1, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  54. ^ "Justice Fellowship".
  55. ^ "NICIC.gov: CRRUCS Report 2003: InnerChange Freedom Initiative". Archived from the original on May 5, 2009. Retrieved March 25, 2007.
  56. ISBN 0-8423-7749-2
    .
  57. ^ Mark A.R. Kleiman (August 5, 2003). "Faith-based fudging". Slate Magazine.
  58. ^ "The InnerChange Freedom Initiative: A Preliminary Evaluation of a Faith-Based Prison Program, p. 5, Executive Summary, finding #4" (PDF).
  59. ^ "The coming persecution: how same-sex 'marriage' will harm Christians," Christian Post, July 2, 2008.
  60. ^ God Versus Darwin: What Darwinism Really Means, Breakpoint (a Prison Fellowship publication).
  61. ^ Chuck Colson's Ten Questions about Origins Archived February 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Breakpoint
  62. ^ Chuck Colson. "Deadly exports". townhall.com. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2006.
  63. ISBN 0-8423-7749-2
    .
  64. ISBN 978-0-06-055979-3
    .
  65. ^ The Problem of Ethics Archived November 23, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Charles W. Colson, April 4, 1991
  66. ISBN 978-1-56858-398-3
  67. ^ "demossnewspond.com". Archived from the original on September 1, 2013.
  68. ^ What Scholars and Leaders are Saying Archived July 21, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  69. ^ "victorclaveau.com".
  70. ^ simple:Elizabeth Morgan case[circular reference]
  71. ^ Matza, Michael (September 28, 1989). "Readjusting To Life After Jail Elizabeth Morgan Talks Of Her Plans – But Reveals Little About Hilary, Her Daughter In Hiding". philly.com. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  72. ^ Nixon aides say Felt is no hero. NBC News. June 1, 2005.
  73. ^ Bradlee, Ben (June 2, 2005). "Transcript: Deep Throat Revealed". The Washington Post.
  74. ^ Fletcher Stack, Peggy (December 2008). "New ad blasts earlier ad condemning Prop 8 violence". The Salt Lake Tribune.
  75. ^ a b Aaron Falk and Jens Dana (December 2008). "New York Times ad blasts ire aimed at LDS". Desert News Utah.
  76. ^ Dinner to begin local Salvation Army campaign, The Bryan-College Station Eagle, September 26, 2004
  77. ^ "Charles W. Colson: Evangelist," 1993, templetonprize.org. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
  78. ^ Christian Book Expo. "2000 Gold Medallion Book Awards Winners". Evangelical Christian Publishers Association. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
  79. ^ Christian Book Expo. "1993 Gold Medallion Book Awards Winners". Evangelical Christian Publishers Association. Retrieved April 23, 2012.
  80. ^ Charles Colson receives prestigious leadership award Archived December 12, 2004, at the Wayback Machine, Council for Christian Colleges and Universities, February 15, 2001
  81. ^ "The 25 Most Influential Evangelicals in America: Charles Colson". Time. February 7, 2005. Archived from the original on June 11, 2010.
  82. ^ Hybels, Bill (April 6, 2012). "Chuck Colson in Critical Condition after Surgery (Updated: Family is Gathered with Colson)". Christianity Today. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
  83. ^ "Chuck Colson in Grave Condition, Family Gathers Near – US – CBN News – Christian News 24-7". CBN.com. March 30, 2012. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
  84. ^ Prison Fellowship [@prisonfellowshp] (April 19, 2012). "#ColsonNews update: Despite erroneous reports, PFM CEO Jim Liske reports Chuck Colson remains alive in hospital w/family at his side" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  85. ^ Prison Fellowship [@prisonfellowshp] (April 19, 2012). "Despite false reports, PFM CEO Jim Liske reports #ChuckColson remains alive in hospital w family. Pls cont in prayer" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  86. ^ "Remembering Chuck Colson". Archived from the original on April 23, 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
  87. ^ Tim Weiner (April 21, 2012). "Charles W. Colson, Watergate Felon Who Became Evangelical Leader, Dies at 80". The New York Times.
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  89. ^ "Chuck Colson dies at age 80". USA Today. April 21, 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
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External links

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Legal offices
Preceded by White House Counsel
1969–1970 		Succeeded by
Political offices
New office
Director of the Office of Public Liaison

1970–1973 		Succeeded by
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