Charles David Keeling

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Charles David Keeling
University of Illinois
Northwestern University
Known forKeeling Curve
AwardsSecond Half Century Award, American Meteorological Society (1981)
Maurice Ewing Medal (1991)
Blue Planet Prize (1993)
National Medal of Science (2002)
Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement (2005)
Scientific career
FieldsAtmosphere
InstitutionsScripps Institution of Oceanography
Doctoral advisorMalcolm Dole

Charles David Keeling (April 20, 1928 – June 20, 2005)

global warming, by documenting the steadily rising carbon dioxide levels. The Keeling Curve
measures the progressive buildup of carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, in the atmosphere.

Early life and early career

Keeling was born in

University of Illinois in 1948. Charles Keeling earned a PhD in chemistry from Northwestern University in 1953 under Malcolm Dole, a polymer chemist. Most of Dole's graduates were going straight into the oil industry; Keeling "had trouble seeing the future this way" and had become interested in geology, for which he had acquired most of the undergraduate coursework during his PhD. Keeling had applied for postdoctoral positions as a chemist almost exclusively to geology departments "west of the continental divide." He received an offer from Harrison Brown who had recently started a geochemistry department at California Institute of Technology. He was a postdoctoral fellow in geochemistry there until he joined Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1956, and was appointed professor of oceanography there in 1968.[4]

At Caltech he developed the first instrument able to measure carbon dioxide in atmospheric samples with consistently reliable accuracy.[5] Keeling camped at Big Sur where he used his new device to measure the level of carbon dioxide and found that it had risen since the 19th century.

Work with Scripps Institution of Oceanography, 1958–2005

Atmospheric CO2 concentrations measured at Mauna Loa Observatory: The Keeling Curve.

Keeling worked at the Scripps Institution for 43 years during which time he published many influential papers.

La Jolla, California, persuaded Keeling to continue his work there. Revelle was also one of the founders of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) in 1957–58 and Keeling received IGY funding to establish a base on Mauna Loa
in Hawaii, two miles (3,000 m) above sea level.

Keeling started collecting carbon dioxide samples at the base in 1958.[3] By 1960, he had established that there are strong seasonal variations in carbon dioxide levels with peak levels reached in the late northern hemisphere winter. A reduction in carbon dioxide followed during spring and early summer each year as plant growth increased in the land-rich northern hemisphere. In 1961, Keeling produced data showing that carbon dioxide levels were rising steadily in what later became known as the "Keeling Curve".

In the early 1960s, the National Science Foundation stopped supporting his research, calling the outcome "routine". Despite this lack of interest, the Foundation used Keeling's research in its warning in 1963 of rapidly increasing amounts of heat-trapping gases. A 1965 report from President Johnson's Science Advisory Committee similarly warned of the dangers of extra heat-trapping gases, which cause the temperature of the Earth to rise.

The data collection started by Keeling and continued at Mauna Loa is the longest continuous record of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the world and is considered a reliable indicator of the global trend in the mid-level troposphere. Keeling's research showed that the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide grew from 315 parts per million (ppm) in 1958 to 380 (ppm) in 2005, with increases correlated to fossil fuel emissions. There has also been an increase in seasonal variation in samples from the late 20th century and early 21st century.

Personal life

Keeling was an enthusiastic outdoorsman who made many hiking and camping trips to the Western mountains, particularly the

Washington state. He was an active member of the Wilderness Society for much of his life.[15]

Keeling married Louise Barthold in 1954. They had five children, one of whom (

University of California San Diego Madrigal Singers. He was also general chairman of the citizens committee which drafted the Del Mar General Plan (or "Community Plan") in 1975.[17]

Keeling died in 2005, aged 77, of a

heart attack
.

Legacy

  • At a White House ceremony held in July 1997, Keeling was presented with a "special achievement award" from Vice President Al Gore. Keeling was honored "for 40 years of outstanding scientific research associated with monitoring of atmospheric carbon dioxide in connection with Mauna Loa Observatory".
  • The Keeling Curve is "engraved in bronze on a building at Mauna Loa and carved into a wall at the
    National Academy of Sciences in Washington." It was also a chart on the wall in a classroom at Harvard University where Revelle had moved to teach in the 1960s and where among others, student Al Gore would see and "marvel" at it. In 2006, Gore featured the graph in the book and movie An Inconvenient Truth.[5]
  • Charles David Keeling Memorial Lecture Series, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, since 2010.
  • Keeling Lecture, University of Illinois, since 2010.
  • The Charles David Keeling apartments at
    University of California San Diego
    , opened in 2011, were designed to emphasize environmental awareness and minimize ecological impact.
  • Dr Keeling's Curve (2014), one-man play written by George Shea and performed by Mike Farrell.[18]
  • The Keeling Curve Prize. Multiple awards presented annually by the Global Warming Mitigation Project since 2018.[19]

Memberships/fellowships

Keeling was a Guggenheim fellow at the Meteorological Institute,

University of Heidelberg (1969–70) and the Physical Institute of the University of Bern
(1979–80).

He was a fellow of the

National Academy of Sciences
.

He was a member of the commission on global pollution of the International Association of Meteorology, and scientific director of the Central CO2 Calibration Laboratory of the World Meteorological Organization.

Selected publications

See also

References

  1. ^ Harris, DC (2010). "Charles David Keeling and the story of atmospheric CO2 measurements". Analytical Chemistry. 82 (19): 7865–70.
    PMID 20536268
    .
  2. ^ Heimann, M (2005). "Obituary: Charles David Keeling 1928–2005". Nature. 437 (7057): 331.
    PMID 16163339
    .
  3. ^ a b Rose Kahele. "Behind the Inconvenient Truth". Hana Hou! vol. 10, No. 5, October/November 2007.
  4. doi:10.1146/annurev.energy.23.1.25
    .
  5. ^ a b Justin Gillis (December 21, 2010). "A Scientist, His Work and a Climate Reckoning". The New York Times. Retrieved December 22, 2010.
  6. ISSN 2153-3490
    .
  7. S2CID 9420050
    .
  8. PMID 12719545
    .
  9. S2CID 6469504
    .
  10. PMID 10725399
    .
  11. PMID 11607740
    .
  12. PMID 11607732
    .
  13. S2CID 42802861
    .
  14. PMID 17777967
    .
  15. ^ Paul M. Keeling, "The Path to Mauna Loa", Wilderness (2008): 12-14
  16. ^ "SUNY New Paltz | Eric Keeling". www3.newpaltz.edu. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
  17. ^ Peter Kaye, San Diego Union-Tribune, "Plaque honors Del Mar planners" (June 24, 2007, retrieved May 25, 2015)
  18. ^ "'M*A*S*H' star takes on global warming in one-man show in Long Beach". Press-Telegram. November 4, 2014. Retrieved December 26, 2014.
  19. ^ “The Keeling Curve Prize rewards a diverse selection of projects reducing greenhouse gas emissions or increasing carbon uptake.” Retrieved October 5, 2019.

Further reading

  • Weiner, Jonathan. The Next One Hundred Years: Shaping the Fate of Our Living Earth. New York: Bantam, 1990.
  • Matthews, Samuel W. “Under the Sun: Is Our World Warming?,” National Geographic 178(4) (October 1990), pp. 66–99.
  • Weart, Spencer R. The Discovery of Global Warming. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.
  • Kolbert, Elizabeth. “The Climate of Man,” The New Yorker [three part series], April/May 2005.
  • Bowen, Mark. Thin Ice: Unlocking the Secrets of Climate Change in the World’s Highest Mountains. New York: Henry Holt, 2005.
  • Harris, Daniel C. “Charles David Keeling and the Story of Atmospheric CO2 Measurements?,” Analytical Chemistry 82(19) (2010), pp. 7865–70.

External links

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