Charles Massi

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Charles Massi (25 July 1952[1] – 8 January 2010) was a Central African politician. Massi served as a minister in the government of the Central African Republic during the 1990s and again from 2005 to 2008; he was also the President of the Democratic Forum for Modernity (FODEM) party from 1997 to 2008. He became a rebel leader in 2008, heading the Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace (CPJP).

Massi was apparently killed by the government under unclear circumstances in January 2010.

Political career

Massi was born in

August 1993 presidential election, Massi joined the government of Prime Minister Jean-Luc Mandaba as Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources in October 1993, remaining in this position until June 1996. On February 6, 1997, he became Minister of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry.[1]

Massi founded FODEM on 27 November 1997 and was dismissed from the government in December, due to the establishment of FODEM and, according to Massi, his opposition to corruption. FODEM was legally recognized on 4 May 1998. He served as a Deputy from Baboua in the

National Assembly from 1998 until François Bozizé seized power from Patassé in March 2003.[1]

Running as the FODEM candidate in the

presidential election held on 19 September 1999, Massi placed eighth out of ten candidates, winning 1.31% of the vote.[2][3]

After Bozizé took power, Massi was elected as Second Vice-president of the National Transitional Council on 14 June 2003, serving in that capacity until the new National Assembly was installed in June 2005.

2005 parliamentary election, held in May,[1][4] receiving 52.39% of the vote[5] and defeating Gon Baba.[4]

Massi also participated in the first round of the

Faustin Archange Touadéra in January 2008.[12]

Rebellion and death

A few months after his dismissal, Massi was appointed as Political Coordinator of the Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UFDR) rebel group on 12 May 2008; FODEM responded to this by suspending Massi from the party on 16 May, and he was expelled from the Presidential Majority on 18 May.[13] FODEM established a provisional political bureau on 22 May 2008 with Joseph Garba Ouangolé as president, and it expelled Massi from its ranks.[14]

In early June 2009, Massi attempted to enter the Central African Republic from Chad and was arrested by the Chadian authorities, who announced that they would put him on trial for "attempting to destabilize a neighbouring country".[15] The Chadians reportedly released Massi after a time, however. Massi's group, then called the Convention of Patriots for Justice and Peace (CPJP), continued to fight the government in the northwest of the Central African Republic; by that point it was the only rebel group still active.[16]

Massi's wife Denise and the CPJP said on 16 January 2010 that Massi, who they said was held at the Central African prison of Bossembélé, had died on 8 January from the effects of torture. Their information was said to have come from sources at Bossembele as well as sources around the Presidency. If they were wrong in believing Massi was dead, their statement called on Bozizé to prove he was still alive.[17] The Central African Ministry of Defense formally denied killing Massi in a statement on 21 January and said that the government did not know where he was.[16]

Later, on 30 January 2010, President Bozizé acknowledged that Massi had been killed, although he provided no details. He was dismissive of the concerns of human rights groups, saying that those groups had not shown similar concern "when 15 of our soldiers were killed by Massi's rebels". Furthermore, he said that he had told the French ambassador "that Mrs. Massi should have advised her husband not to take part in a rebellion against me".[18] Nevertheless, the matter remained confused. Although Massi's family believed him to be dead, an official legal investigation announced in August 2010 that it had found no evidence to suggest that Massi had died at Bossembélé, and it said that Massi was accordingly considered to be missing and "presumed alive".[19]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Profile of Massi at FODEM website Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine.
  2. KiB
    )    , democratie.francophonie.org (in French).
  3. ^ a b c Elections in the Central African Republic, African Elections Database.
  4. ^ a b "Législatives — Baboua / Charles Massi élu Député malgré les Pressions exercées par les Autorités Locales" Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, fodem.org, May 9, 2005 (in French).
  5. ^ Results of 2005 parliamentary second round Archived 2008-05-12 at the Wayback Machine, batir-rca.org (in French).
  6. ^ "Bozize repeals court ban on some presidential candidates", IRIN, January 5, 2005.
  7. KiB
    )    , democratie.francophonie.org (in French).
  8. AFP
    (izf.net), April 21, 2005.
  9. ^ a b Lists of governments of the Central African Republic Archived 2007-09-28 at the Wayback Machine, izf.net (in French).
  10. ^ "Newly-appointed premier names cabinet", IRIN, June 21, 2005.
  11. ^ "Nouveau gouvernement" Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, fodem.org, September 3, 2006 (in French).
  12. ^ "Composition du nouveau gouvernement centrafricain"[permanent dead link], African Press Agency, 29 January 2008.
  13. ^ "Le colonel Charles Massi exclu de la majorité présidentielle", ACAP, 19 May 2008 (in French).
  14. ^ "Bienvenu Guinon du Fodem appelle au patriotisme des Centrafricains" Archived 2011-07-21 at the Wayback Machine, ACAP, 2 September 2008 (in French).
  15. ^ "CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: Who’s who with guns", IRIN, 17 June 2009.
  16. ^ a b "Central Africa authorities deny killing rebel chief", AFP, 21 January 2010.
  17. ^ "CAR rebel chief 'tortured to death'", AFP (IOL), 16 January 2010.
  18. ^ Paul-Marin Ngoupana, "Rebel leader is dead, says Bozize", Reuters (IOL), 1 February 2010.
  19. ^ "Centrafrique: aucun élément attestant la mort de Charles Massi", AFP, 16 August 2010 (in French).
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