Charles Mathias
Charles Mathias | |
---|---|
John Glenn Beall Jr. | |
Personal details | |
Born | Charles McCurdy Mathias Jr. July 24, 1922 Frederick, Maryland, U.S. |
Died | January 25, 2010 Chevy Chase, Maryland, U.S. | (aged 87)
Political party | Republican |
Spouse | Ann Bradford |
Education | Haverford College (BA) Yale University University of Maryland, Baltimore (LLB) |
Military service | |
Allegiance | United States |
Branch/service | United States Navy |
Battles/wars | World War II |
Charles McCurdy Mathias Jr. (July 24, 1922 – January 25, 2010) was an American politician and attorney. A Republican, he served as a member of the United States Senate, representing Maryland from 1969 to 1987. He was also a member of the Maryland House of Delegates from 1959 to 1961, and of the United States House of Representatives, representing the 6th congressional district of Maryland from 1961 to 1969.
After studying law and serving in the United States Navy during World War II, Mathias worked as a lawyer and was elected to the state legislature in 1958. In 1960, he was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Western Maryland. He was re-elected three times (1962, 1964, 1966), serving in the House for eight years, where he aligned himself with the then-influential liberal wing of the Republican Party.
Mathias was elected to the Senate in 1968, unseating the incumbent Democrat,
His confrontations with conservatives cost him several leadership positions in the Senate, including chairmanship of the
Early life and career
Mathias was born in
In 1942, during
Mathias briefly served as assistant
In 1958, Mathias married Ann Bradford, whom he met at a birthday party for his law school roommate Daniel Brewster. Ann Bradford (1928–2012) was the daughter of former Massachusetts governor Robert F. Bradford.[1] Their children included sons Robert and Charles.[4]
In the House of Representatives
On January 4, 1960, Mathias declared his candidacy for the House seat of
Mathias' opponent in the general election was
During his eight-year career in the House, Mathias established himself as a member of the
United States Senate career
Election of 1968: unseating Brewster
Leading up to the
Mathias officially declared his candidacy for the Senate on February 10, 1968, calling for troop reductions in the
First term (1969–1975): conflict with Nixon
Mathias began his first term in the Senate in January 1969 and laid out his legislative agenda soon thereafter. He was appointed to the
Over the course of his first term, Mathias was frequently at odds with his conservative colleagues in the Senate and the
Mathias' disagreements with the administration became well-known, causing columnists Rowland Evans and Robert Novak to name him the "new supervillain... in President Nixon's doghouse".[24] Evans and Novak also commented that "not since [Charles Goodell] was defeated with White House connivance has any Republican so outraged Mr. Nixon and his senior staff as Mathias. The senator's liberalism and tendency to bolt party lines have bred animosity in the inner sanctum".[24] Due to their differing ideologies, there was speculation that Mathias was going to be "purged" from the party by Nixon in a similar manner as Goodell in 1971, but these threats disappeared after the Watergate scandal escalated. By the numbers, Mathias sided with the Nixon administration 47% of the time, and voted with the majority of his Republican colleagues in the Senate 31% of the time, during his first term.[19]
In early 1974, the group
Election of 1974: challenge from Mikulski
As a Republican representing heavily Democratic Maryland, Mathias faced a potentially difficult re-election bid for the
As an advocate for campaign finance reform, Mathias refused to accept any contribution over $100 to "avoid the curse of big money that has led to so much trouble in the last year".[28] However, he still managed to raise over $250,000, nearly five times Mikulski's total. Ideologically, Mikulski and Mathias agreed on many issues, such as closing tax loopholes and easing taxes on the middle class. On two issues, however, Mathias argued to reform Congress and the U.S. tax system to address inflation and corporate price fixing, contrary to Mikulski.[26] In retrospect, The Washington Post felt the election was "an intelligent discussion of state, national, and foreign affairs by two smart, well-informed people".[29]
With Maryland voters, Mathias benefited from his frequent disagreements with the Nixon administration and his liberal voting record. On November 5, 1974, he was re-elected by a 57% to 43% margin, though he lost badly in Baltimore City and Baltimore County, where Mikulski was popular.[26] Mikulski would win his seat 12 years later in 1986 after Mathias retired.
Second term (1975–1981): unease with the growth of conservatism
In 1975, Mathias co-introduced legislation with Illinois Senator
Mathias expressed concerns with the state of his party leading up to the 1976 presidential election, specifically its shift further to the right. Referring to the nomination contest between Gerald Ford and Ronald Reagan, Mathias remarked that the party leadership was placed "in further isolation, in an extreme—almost fringe—position". On November 8, 1975, he hinted at entering some presidential primary elections to steer the party away from what he saw as a strong conservative trend.[31] Over the next few months, Mathias continued to show signs of entering the election, but never campaigned aggressively and lacked any political organization.[32] Columnist George Will commented that Mathias was "contemplating a race—a stroll, really—for the presidency", in reference to his staid campaign.[33]
After four months of consideration, Mathias decided in March 1976 to not seek the presidency, and asked for his name to be withdrawn from the Massachusetts primary ballot, where it had been added automatically. He had also been considering an independent bid, but said raising money would be too difficult under campaign finance laws. Upon his withdrawal, Mathias stated he would work with the Republican Party in the upcoming elections.[34] However, despite his pledge to support the Republican candidate, Mathias' criticism of the party did not wane, stating that "over and over again during the primaries, I have felt uncomfortably like a member of the chorus in a Greek tragedy".[35] In a further criticism of his party's neglect of liberal voters, Mathias commented:
I've had to deal with some hard truths... People don't like to hear we've got only 18 percent of the electorate. They pretend it's not important that our following among blacks, and young people, and urban communities is not what it should be... But I feel it's of the greatest importance that if there's to be a Republican Party, we look these facts in the face.[36]
Mathias' candidacy consideration did not endear him to the conservative wing of the Maryland Republican Party organization. In June 1976, he lost a vote by state Republicans to determine who would represent Maryland on the platform committee at the 1976 Republican National Convention. Instead, the group chose George Price, a conservative member of the Maryland House of Delegates from Baltimore County. At one point, Mathias was close to being denied attendance to the convention altogether as an at-large delegate, but a last minute compromise ensured all Republican congressional representatives seats as at-large delegates.[35] Mathias maintained a low profile during the convention, and received harsh criticism from some of the conservative delegates from Maryland who attended.[36]
At the beginning of the new Congress in 1977, Mathias was in line for several potential committee promotions to
Election of 1980: uncertain party renomination
After these slights, speculation was raised that Mathias would leave the Republican Party, especially as the
When it came time to nominate members to the 1980 Republican National Convention, Maryland Republicans voted for Mathias and Bauman as co-chairmen of the delegation to represent the liberal and conservative wings of the party, respectively. The 1980 nomination contest lacked the "fierce ideological bickering that marked the 1976 state convention", in which Mathias was nearly excluded as a delegate.[39]
Despite initial concerns that a strong conservative would run in the 1980 Republican primary, Mathias did not face any major opposition for his seat. He easily won his party's nomination, and was re-elected by a substantial margin in November.
Final term (1981–1987)
After Republicans gained control of the Senate in 1981, Mathias sought the chairmanship of the Judiciary Committee but was relegated to the relatively mundane chairmanship of the
During this term, Mathias was also president of the NATO Parliamentary Assembly from 1985 to 1986.[44]
Despite initial indications otherwise, Mathias announced on September 27, 1985, that he would not seek a fourth term. His announcement concerned Republican party officials in the state, who feared that local Republicans had poorer election chances without Mathias at the top of the ticket. At the national level, Mathias' announcement came shortly after news that Republican Paul Laxalt of Nevada would be retiring as well. The departure of two Republican senators from swing or Democratic-leaning states was treated by Republican party leaders as a poor sign of the party's chances in the upcoming elections.[45] Linda Chavez won the Republican primary for the Senate seat, but lost the general election in a landslide to Mikulski.
Mathias remained active in his final days in the Senate, playing an important role in removing a
Mathias and the American Space program
Mathias strongly supported the American Space program. The Jimmy Carter administration was fairly inactive on space issues, stating that it was "neither feasible nor necessary" to commit to an Apollo-style space program, and his space policy included only limited, short-range goals. With regard to military space policy, the Carter space policy stated, without much specification in the unclassified version, that "The United States will pursue Activities in space in support of its right of self-defense.".[48]
Less than five months after he became president, on the date of June 9, 1977, Carter wrote the following in his White House Diary: "We continued our budget meetings. It's obvious that the space shuttle is just a contrivance to keep NASA alive, and that no real need for the space shuttle was determined before the massive construction program was initiated."[49]
On NASA's own 50th anniversary website, space historian John Logsdon described the Carter presidency in less than flattering terms. "Jimmy Carter was perhaps the least supportive of US human space efforts of any president in the last half-century", Logsdon wrote.[50]
Carter's Vice President, Walter Mondale, called the Space Shuttle a "senseless extravaganza"[51] in 1972. A senator from Minnesota at the time, Mondale had vigorously opposed early funding measures to begin development of the shuttle. His views exemplified those who believed the United States had more pressing needs for its money than chasing the stars.
In 1979, when
Between 1981 and 1985 Mathias also had a close relationship with NASA Administrator Jim Beggs.
In June 1982 he was approached by Larry Mihlon, a former member of President Kennedy's space team, with an idea of Bernard Le Grelle, who had been appointed by the French President François Mitterrand as Director of the National Air and Space 1983 Bicentennial Organisation,[53] to set up a similar organization in the United States. Mathias accepted to be the Chairman of the United States Organizing Committee of the 1983 Air and Space Bicentennial.[54][55]
The Bicentennial Committee also included
On July 12, 1982, Senator Mathias introduced S.J.Res.270, a joint Congressional resolution to designate 1983 as the Bicentennial of Air and Space Flight.[56] The Resolution passed the House by Unanimous Consent on December 20, 1982, and was signed in the Senate on December 21, 1982.[57]
On January 3, 1983, President Ronald Reagan signed the Official Proclamation to designate the year beginning January 1, 1983 as the Bicentennial of Air and Space Flight, which became Public Law (No: 97-413).[58]
On November 9, 1982, Mathias, Mihlon and Le Grelle did organize a ceremony in the Senate caucus room to launch the Bicentennial Year.
The event was attended by senior executives of the Departments of Commerce and Defense, diplomats and nearly one hundred journalists. It included a live television link with Paris.[62]
On the suggestion of Mihlon and Le Grelle, Mathias, who, as a strong Reagan supporter, could see any cabinet member in 24 hours, asked the
Some of President Reagan's remarks (inspired by Larry Mihlon), reminded the style of President Kennedy's address at Rice University on the Nation's Space Effort on September 12, 1962 : "As we celebrate the many events for this bicentennial, let's remember we're celebrating more than the building of flying machines. We're making choices that are shaping the world in which our children will live. Our commitment to air and space is a pledge to them that the quality of our lives will be better and their horizons broader because of technology, of vision, of human qualities that we bring in our generation to conquering the endless cosmic frontier which stretches before us. I've always believed that mankind is capable of greatness. We haven't even come close yet to reaching our potential. But it depends on us. God gave angels wings. He gave mankind dreams. And with His help, there's no limit to what can be accomplished."[63][64][65]
There was a large model of the
In December 1982, Senator Mathias as Chairman of the Senate Subcommittee on Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks of the
On February 17, 1983, James M. Beggs wrote back: "Dear Senator Mathias: Having a Space Shuttle Orbiter at the 1983 Paris Air Show as you suggested in your letter of December 27, would, indeed, be a tremendous advertisement for American technology. ... The only Orbiter available is the Enterprise (CV-101), that was used for the approach and landing tests in 1977. Currently, it is planned to be used by the Air Force for certain ground tests at Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB) starting next year. Further, the present condition of the Enterprise would require some refurbishments to make it suitable for exhibit. This of course can be done at some cost. The 747 aircraft is required, however, for each shuttle mission, and thus its availability at the time of the Air Show is dependent on the schedule. We are in the process of reassessing the schedule in the wake of the recent problem with a hydrogen leak in the Challenger. That reassessment should be completed soon. In summary, it is physically possible to provide the Enterprise (OV-101), for the Paris Air Show. Other factors, as you are already aware, such as cost and schedules, would have to be considered in making a decision. Sincerely, James M. Beggs Administrator."[67]
Thanks to Mathias, the space shuttle Enterprise prototype was flown, in June 1983, atop the 747 Shuttle Carrier Aircraft (SCA) during the 35th Paris International Air and Space Show.
The "Americans" fenced off the Space craft until the night of the opening, when they flew it around the city at 3.000 feet for all of Paris to see. It flew over Roland Garros during the French Open. John McEnroe, who was playing in the quarter-finals, stopped playing, fell to knees, put up his hands and saluted the Space Shuttle while the crowd cheered in a standing ovation.[68]
In December 1982, during a luncheon in
The project was announced by
Legacy and post-Senate life
Mathias held a retirement party at the Baltimore Convention Center on July 14, 1986, which had over 1,200 attendees. The proceeds from the event, at $150 per person, were used to establish a foreign studies program at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies in his name. Mathias planned to teach at Johns Hopkins following his departure from the Senate.[71]
Donald P. Baker of The Washington Post commented that Mathias' lasting reputation would be that of a maverick. Though he was elected to the House in 1960 as a moderate/conservative, his life in the Congress moved him to the center, and he frequently deviated from the party line and sided with Democrats. The fact that he "went out of his way to disassociate himself from [Ronald Reagan]" in the 1980 elections had hindered his chances at a chairmanship. Mathias also established a record on civil rights, having played an important role in passing a fair housing bill while he was in the House, and also in establishing a national holiday for
Mathias was very troubled by the
On environmental issues, Mathias established a record as a strong advocate of the Chesapeake Bay. After touring the bay shoreline in 1973, he sponsored legislation that led to a study by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) two years later, which was one of the first reports that made the public aware of harmful levels of nutrients and toxins in the waters. As a result, the report was one of the catalysts for cleanup efforts, and evolved into the Chesapeake Bay Program.[75][76] In recognition, the Charles Mathias Laboratory, part of the Smithsonian Institution, was established in 1988 as a research facility to analyze human impact on the bay.[76] In 1990, the Mathias Medal was established by Maryland Sea Grant at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science as further acknowledgment of Mathias' environmental record.[77] In 2003, thirty years after he launched a study of the Chesapeake, Mathias was recognized by the Army Corps of Engineers for the influential role he played initiating restoration efforts.[78]
From 1987 to 1993, Mathias was a partner at the law firm of
After his retirement, Mathias served on numerous boards and committees. He was a member of the Governor's Commission on State Taxes and Tax Structure (1989–1990), a member of the Maryland Civil War Heritage Commission (1992–1995), a member of the
As of 2008, Mathias practiced law in Washington, D.C., and was a resident of Chevy Chase, Maryland.[3] On October 28, 2008, Mathias endorsed Sen. Barack Obama in the 2008 presidential election.[83]
Mathias died from complications of Parkinson's disease at his home on January 25, 2010, at age 87.[4]
References
- ^ a b c d e Ebrahimian, Shirley (March 2005). "A Man for All Seasons". Frederick Magazine. p. A4.
- ^ Borda, Patti S. (January 27, 2010). "Sen. 'Mac' Mathias, statesman, leaves legacy in Frederick". Frederick News-Post. Archived from the original on March 28, 2012. Retrieved November 9, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Mathias, Charles McCurdy". United States Congress. Retrieved July 6, 2008.
- ^ a b Clymer, Adam (January 25, 2010). "Charles Mathias, Former U.S. Senator, Dies at 87". The New York Times.
- ^ "Mathias of Frederick Files For Foley's Seat". The Washington Post. January 5, 1960. p. A9.
- ^ "Republican Candidate Begins Race". The Washington Post. March 13, 1960. p. B15.
- ^ "Foley, Mathias Win in Maryland's Sixth". The Washington Post. May 18, 1960. p. A19.
- ^ "Foley Assails Mathias On State Voting Record". The Washington Post. September 22, 1960. p. B3.
- ^ "Foley Vote Record Hit By Mathias". The Washington Post. August 11, 1960. p. B5.
- ^ Eisen, Jack (January 4, 1961). "Well-Wishers Inundate Mathias After he Takes Seat in Congress". The Washington Post. p. A4.
- ^ a b c d e Baker, Donald P (September 29, 1985). "End of the Electoral Line for a Maryland Maverick". The Washington Post. p. C1.
- ^ "H.R. 7152. PASSAGE".
- ^ "TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO ESTABLISH PENALTIES FOR INTERFERENCE WITH CIVIL RIGHTS. INTERFERENCE WITH A PERSON ENGAGED IN ONE OF THE 8 ACTIVITIES PROTECTED UNDER THIS BILL MUST BE RACIALLY MOTIVATED TO INCUR THE BILL'S PENALTIES".
- ^ "TO PASS H.R. 6400, THE 1965 VOTING RIGHTS ACT".
- ^ a b Barnes, Bart (February 11, 1968). "Mathias Runs for Senate". The Washington Post. p. A1.
- ^ a b Homan, Richard (November 6, 1968). "Upsets in 2 Nearby States Divide House Seats Evenly". The Washington Post. p. A1.
- ^ a b "Mathias to Introduce Home Rule Legislation". The Washington Post. January 20, 1969. p. C1.
- ^ Eisen, Jack (January 2, 1968). "Mathias Points for Senate". The Washington Post. p. B1.
- ^ a b c d e f Watson, Douglas (August 15, 1974). "Mathias Purge Threat Ends: White House Scandals Boost Senator's Re-election Bid". The Washington Post. p. C1.
- ^ Public Law 91-664
- ^ Relyea, Harold C. (September 18, 2001). "CRS Report for Congress: National Emergency Powers" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
- ^ Rich, Spencer (June 28, 1969). "Conservative Trend Decried". The Washington Post. p. A1.
- ^ Osnos, Peter (October 18, 1972). "GOP Senator Backs Sabotage Probe". The Washington Post. p. A19.
- ^ a b Rowland, Evans; Robert Novak (December 5, 1971). "Mathias: The New Goodell". The Washington Post. p. A2.
- ^ Rich, Spencer (January 7, 1974). "Liberal Unit Rates Senators; Mathias Is Highest in GOP". The Washington Post. p. A2.
- ^ a b c Barker, Karlyn (November 6, 1974). "Mathias Is Elected To a Second Term". The Washington Post. p. A12.
- ^ Barker, Karlyn (September 11, 1974). "Mathias Wins GOP Md. Race". The Washington Post. p. A24.
- ^ Richards, Bill (February 3, 1974). "Sen. Mathias Re-Election Drive Opens". The Washington Post. p. B1.
- ^ a b "U.S. Senate Choice in Maryland". The Washington Post. October 22, 1980. p. A22.
- ISBN 0-465-04195-7.
- ^ Baker, Donald P (November 9, 1975). "Mathias Says He May Run In Presidential Primaries". The Washington Post. p. 21.
- ^ Peterson, Bill (February 8, 1976). "The Quiet Presidential Campaign". The Washington Post. p. 21.
- ^ Will, George (January 25, 1976). "Sen. Mathias' 'Stroll'". The Washington Post. p. 131.
- ^ Peterson, Bill (March 3, 1976). "Mathias Joins Almost-Rans, Will Not Seek Presidency". The Washington Post. p. A3.
- ^ a b Peterson, Bill (June 26, 1976). "Dissident Mathias Denied GOP Platform Committee Post". The Washington Post. p. A5.
- ^ a b Logan, Harold J (August 19, 1976). "Mathias' Convention Role Is Low-Key". The Washington Post. p. 14.
- ^ a b Evans, Rowland; Robert Novak (March 23, 1977). "The Republicans And Sen. Mathias". The Washington Post. p. A11.
- ^ Childs, Marquis (November 22, 1977). "Mathias's Bid to Save the GOP From Itself". The Washington Post. United Feature Syndicate. p. A19.
- ^ Barringer, Felicity (June 2, 1980). "Md. Republicans' National Delegation Will Be Led by Mathias and Bauman". The Washington Post. p. B1.
- ^ a b Baker, Donald P (November 5, 1980). "Mathias Crushes Underdog Challenger to Win Third Term in Senate". The Washington Post. p. A21.
- ^ Baker, Donald P (December 4, 1980). "Mathias Agrees to Head Senate Rules Committee". The Washington Post. p. C5.
- ^ Thornton, Mary (July 21, 1982). "Abscam Hearing Reveals 44 Were Unjustly Cited". The Washington Post. p. A4.
- ^ Muscatine, Alison (July 9, 1984). "Mathias Swims Against the GOP's Tide". The Washington Post. p. B1.
- ^ "Presidents from 1955 to 2014". NATO Parliamentary Assembly. Archived from the original on June 28, 2017. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
- ^ Sugawara, Sandra (September 28, 1985). "GOP's Mathias Says He Plans To Retire From Senate in '87". The Washington Post. p. A1.
- ^ Greenhouse, Linda (October 6, 1986). "Still a Distinctive Voice, but Soon an Echo". The New York Times. p. B8.
- ^ McQueen, Michel (November 5, 1986). "Schaefer, Mikulski Lead Democratic Sweep at the Top". The Washington Post. p. A1.
- ^ "Presidential Directive/NSC-37, "National Space Policy" May 11, 1978".
- ISBN 978-1429990653.
- ^ a b "Ten Presidents and NASA".
- ^ "Article ArsTechnica A Cold War mystery: Why did Jimmy Carter save the space shuttle? – 07/14/2016". July 14, 2016.
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(help) - ^ Bernard Le Grelle conversations with Senator Mathias in Paris (1983) and Washington (1989).
- ^ "French Presidency press release – Communiqué de presse de la Présidence de la République française 19 Novembre 1981 – "1983 Bicentenaire des premiers vols humains"".
- ^ "United States Organizing Committee of the 1983 Air and Space Bicentennial, The Trademarks".
- ISBN 2010132106.
- ^ "S.J.Res.270 – A joint resolution to designate 1983 as the Bicentennial of Air and Space Flight". January 3, 1983.
- ^ "S.J. Resolution 270 to designate 1983 as the "Bicentennial of Air and Space Flight" – 12-07-1982".
- ^ "Bicentennial of Air and Space Flight, Proclamation by the President of the United States of America – January 3, 1983".
- ^ "The Kennedy Caucus Room".
- ^ Letter from Senator Mathias inviting for the Caucus room ceremony https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Letter_from_Senator_Mathias_inviting_for_the_Caucus_room_ceremony.jpg
- ^ "Original text for prompter use of the taping of President Reagan's remarks for the Senate Caucus room ceremony – October, 25 1982".
- ISBN 2010132106.
- ^ "President Reagan's Remarks on Bicentennial Year of Air and Space Flight on February 7, 1983". YouTube. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021.
- ^ "Remarks at a White House Ceremony Commemorating the Bicentennial Year of Air and Space Flight, February 7, 1983".
- ^ "Reagan endorses shuttle and education programs – February, 25 1983".
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(help) - ^ "Letter from Senator Mathias to NASA Administrator Jim Beggs". December 7, 2020.
- ^ "Nasa – Letter from Jims Beggs to Charles Mathias 02-17-1983". February 17, 1983.
- ^ "Shuttle Carrier Aircraft with Space Shuttle "Enterprise" in 1983". YouTube. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021.
- ISBN 2010132106.
- ISBN 0374120366.
- ^ Kenworthy, Tom (July 15, 1986). "Sendoff for a Senator, 1,200 Honor Mathias on His Retirement". The Washington Post. p. B1.
- ^ Baker, Donald P (November 9, 1979). "Vietnam War Memorial". The Washington Post. p. C1.
- ^ Wicker, Tom (November 16, 1986). "A Good Man Going". The New York Times. p. E23.
- ^ "The Investigation of the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy: Performance of the Intelligence Agencies" (PDF).
- ^ Pierre, Catherine (February 2004). "Stories from the Sediment". Johns Hopkins University Magazine. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
- ^ a b Rutherford, Anne (November 26, 1987). "Environment Lab Named For Mathias". The Washington Post. p. 244.
- ^ "Mathias Medal". Maryland Sea Grant. Retrieved July 5, 2008.
- ^ Huslin, Anita (June 15, 2003). "Bay's Visionary: Ex-Senator's Dream of Restoration 30 Years Ago Still Unrealized". The Washington Post. p. C1.
- ^ "The Honorable Charles McC. Mathias Jr., LL.B." Kaiser Family Foundation. January 1, 2003. Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
- ^ Greenwald, John (August 26, 1991). "Scandals: The Fall of the Pariarch". Time magazine. Archived from the original on October 25, 2012.
- ^ "First American Picks Chairman". The New York Times. November 19, 1992.
- ^ a b "Charles McC. Mathias Jr". Maryland State Archives. May 9, 2005. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
- ^ "My Choice: Obama". The Washington Post. October 28, 2008.
External links
- Mathias Medal by the Maryland Sea Grant at the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
- United States Congress. "Charles Mathias (id: M000241)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
- "Charles Mathias". Find a Grave. January 28, 2010.
- Appearances on C-SPAN