Charterhouse (Roman town)

Coordinates: 51°18′08″N 2°42′54″W / 51.3023°N 2.7150°W / 51.3023; -2.7150
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Roman lead mines at Charterhouse, Somerset

Charterhouse was a town in the Roman province of Britannia. Its site is located just to the west of the village of Charterhouse-on-Mendip in the English county of Somerset.

Its Latin name may have been Iscalis, but this is far from certain.[1] Based on inscriptions on a pig of Roman lead BRIT. EX. ARG. VEB, meaning "British (lead) from the VEB... lead-silver works", the Roman name has been reconstructed as Vebriacum (with Iscalis more plausibly placed at Cheddar).[2]

It is associated with the

Scheduled Ancient Monument.[3]

Mining settlement

Site of Roman fort

The settlement grew up around the north-western edge of prehistoric lead and silver mines, which were exploited by the Romans.[4] Mendip lead ore had up to 0.4% silver content, which the Romans used to pay the army.[5] Extraction is thought to have begun as early as AD 49[6] (although the evidence of dateable lead ingots found in the neighbourhood has recently been questioned.[7]) At first the lead and silver industries were tightly controlled by the Roman military (in the south-west, by the Second Legion[8]) and there was a small 'fortlet' adjoining the mines during the 1st century, which may, however, have been little more than a fortified compound for storing lead pigs.[9] After a short time, the extraction of these metals was contracted out to civilian companies, probably because of low silver content.[10] Smelting was undertaken on site where industrial workshops have been excavated,[11] and the metal exported along a minor road to the Fosse Way, and probably through a small inland port at nearby Cheddar.[8]

Amphitheatre

View of the ancient enclosure and site of Roman town

An amphitheatre stood west of the settlement.[12] It is the only one in England to exist at a lead mine and is additional evidence of the importance of Mendip lead to the Romans.[13] It measures 32m x 24.4m and the banks for the seating survive 4.5m above the arena. It was surveyed in 1909. It was probably a place of entertainment for the soldiers at the Roman fort which was established here.[14]

See also

  • Roman engineering
  • Roman mining
  • Roman technology

References

  1. ^ Rivet, A. L. F.; Smith, Colin (1979). The Place-Names of Roman Britain. London: B. T. Batsford.
  2. ISBN 0-7190-3675-5
    .
  3. ISBN 978-0-86183-390-0
    .
  4. ^ "Charterhouse on Mendip Roman Mining Settlement". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  5. ^ Elkington, H D H (1976). "The Mendip Lead Industry". The Roman West Country: Classical Culture and Celtic Society.
  6. ISBN 0-340-20116-9
    .
  7. ^ Whittick, G. Clement (1982). "Roman Lead-Mining on Mendip and in North Wales". Britannia. 13.
  8. ^ a b Aston, Mick; Burrow, Ian (1982). The Archaeology of Somerset. Taunton: Somerset County Council.
  9. ^ De la Bedoyere, Guy (2006). Roman Britain: A New History. London: Thames & Hudson.
  10. ^ "Major Romano-British Settlement Charterhouse on Mendip, Avon". Roman Britain.
  11. ^ "Charterhouse". Big Roman Dig. Retrieved 28 October 2006.
  12. ^ "Monument No. 194337". Pastscape. English Heritage. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  13. ISBN 978-0-85033-461-6
    .
  14. ISBN 0-946159-94-7
    .

51°18′08″N 2°42′54″W / 51.3023°N 2.7150°W / 51.3023; -2.7150

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