Chatham ministry

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Chatham (circa 1754)
The Duke of Grafton served as First Lord of the Treasury and succeeded Chatham as Prime Minister in 1768.
Anglo-Irish politician and future Prime Minister Lord Shelburne, a close ally of Chatham, served as Southern Secretary.

The Chatham ministry was a British government led by William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham that ruled between 1766 and 1768. Because of Pitt's former prominence before his title, it is sometimes referred to as the Pitt ministry. Unusually for a politician considered to be Prime Minister, Pitt was not First Lord of the Treasury during the administration, but instead held the post of Lord Privy Seal.

History

Pitt had been opposition since his 1761 resignation as

country estate in Somerset.[1] He travelled hastily to the capital and met the king at Richmond Lodge who invited him to form a government. It took several weeks of negotiations before he could settle the membership of the new administration.[2]

Pitt, who moved to the

Rockingham Whig, ministry, and, after Chatham's brother-in-law Lord Temple refused the Treasury and decided to continue in opposition with his brother, former prime minister George Grenville,[5] he promoted Conway's fellow Rockingham Whig the Duke of Grafton to that position. Chatham's own close associates Lord Camden and Lord Shelburne became Lord Chancellor and Southern Secretary of State, respectively, and the ministry was filled out with other politicians of unclear factional allegiance – keeping on Lord Egmont at the Admiralty and Lord Granby at the Ordnance Board, moving the former Lord Chancellor, Lord Northington to the sinecure position of Lord President of the Council, and appointing the slippery Charles Townshend
to the Exchequer.

Chatham was ill with

Soon after, Chatham managed to largely alienate the heretofore cautiously friendly Rockingham faction by dismissing their ally

Townshend Duties
on the American colonies, which strongly divided the ministry.

In the midst of this crisis in early 1767 Chatham apparently had a nervous breakdown and withdrew entirely from the conduct of affairs.

Grenvillites and to conflicts within the ministry itself.[9] After an unsuccessful attempt to bring his former allies in the Rockingham faction to support the government, Grafton instead turned to the Bedfords, leading to a major reconstruction of the ministry in late 1767 and early 1768, with Bedford's followers Lord Gower and Lord Weymouth as Lord President and Northern Secretary (Conway became a minister without portfolio), and the like-minded Lord Hillsborough given the new office of Secretary of State for the Colonies – taking responsibility for the American colonies from the more conciliatory Shelburne, whose differences with the rest of the cabinet had led him to cease attendance at cabinet meetings.[10] The death of Charles Townshend had also led to his replacement at the Exchequer by Lord North
, who also took leadership of the commons over from Conway, who was increasingly uncomfortable with the direction of the ministry.

The adhesion of the Bedfords ultimate gave them a dominant role in the ministry, which they used to pursue a more hardline policy towards the American colonies than Chatham had originally intended, or than several of the remaining were comfortable with. In October 1768, the Bedfords persuaded Grafton that it would be necessary to remove Shelburne from the ministry. This threatened dismissal roused Chatham, who resigned his post alongside Shelburne.[11] Although Chatham's close friend Camden remained in the government, it was clear that the ministry was now dominated by the Bedfords, and the Duke of Grafton formally took over as Prime Minister and led the Grafton ministry, which lasted for slightly over a year until January 1770.

Ministry

Portfolio Minister Took office Left office Party
First Lord of the Treasury30 July 1766 (1766-07-30)14 October 1768 (1768-10-14) Whig
Lord Chancellor30 July 1766 (1766-07-30)14 October 1768 (1768-10-14) Whig
Lord President of the Council30 July 1766 (1766-07-30)22 December 1767 (1767-12-22) Whig
22 December 1767 (1767-12-22)14 October 1768 (1768-10-14) Tory
Lord Privy Seal*30 July 1766 (1766-07-30)14 October 1768 (1768-10-14) Whig
Chancellor of the Exchequer30 July 1766 (1766-07-30)4 September 1767 (1767-09-04) Whig
4 September 1767 (1767-09-04)14 October 1768 (1768-10-14) Tory
30 July 1766 (1766-07-30)20 January 1768 (1768-01-20) Whig
20 January 1768 (1768-01-20)14 October 1768 (1768-10-14) Tory
Secretary of State for the Southern Department30 July 1766 (1766-07-30)14 October 1768 (1768-10-14) Whig
Secretary of State for the Colonies27 February 1768 (1768-02-27)14 October 1768 (1768-10-14) Independent
First Lord of the Admiralty30 July 1766 (1766-07-30)September 1766 Tory
September 1766December 1766 Independent
December 176614 October 1768 (1768-10-14) Independent
Master-General of the Ordnance30 July 1766 (1766-07-30)14 October 1768 (1768-10-14) Whig
Minister without Portfolio30 July 1766 (1766-07-30)14 October 1768 (1768-10-14) Whig

Notes

References

  1. ^ Brown p.322-23
  2. ^ Brown p.324-31
  3. ^ Jensen 1968, p. 216
  4. ^ Bloy, Marjie (2002). "William Pitt (the Edler), Earl of Chatham (1708-1778)". Victorian Web. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  5. ^ Jensen 1968, p. 216
  6. ^ Thompson, Andrew. "William Pitt 'The Elder' (Whig, 1766-1768)". History of Government. Retrieved 6 July 2019.
  7. ^ Jensen 1968, p. 219
  8. ^ Jensen 1968, p. 220
  9. ^ Jensen 1968, p. 315
  10. ^ Jensen 1968, p. 316
  11. ^ Jensen 1968, p. 316
Bibliography
Preceded by Government of Great Britain
1766–1768
Succeeded by