Chełmża
Chełmża | |
---|---|
Kuyavian-Pomeranian | |
County | Toruń |
Gmina | Chełmża (urban gmina) |
Town rights | 1251 |
Government | |
• Mayor | Jerzy Tadeusz Czerwiński |
Area | |
• Total | 7.84 km2 (3.03 sq mi) |
Population (31 December 2021[1]) | |
• Total | 14,181 |
• Density | 1,800/km2 (4,700/sq mi) |
Postal code | 87-140 |
Area code | +48 56 |
Vehicle registration | CTR |
Website | http://www.chelmza.pl |
Chełmża
Geography
The town Chełmża is placed at the lake named Jezioro Chełmżyńskie (area 2.71 km2), earlier the lake itself was named Culmsee[3] and therefore eponym of the town, that earlier had the name Culmsee, too (see History).
Demographics
Number of inhabitants by year
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1921 | 10,698 | — |
1931 | 11,098 | +3.7% |
1995 | 15,292 | +37.8% |
2000 | 15,312 | +0.1% |
2005 | 15,310 | −0.0% |
2010 | 15,267 | −0.3% |
2015 | 14,854 | −2.7% |
2020 | 14,362 | −3.3% |
Source: [4][1] |
History
The first signs of settlement date to 10,000
In the time of first
On July 22, the bishop also founded the cathedral which was built starting in 1254. Bishop Heidenreich received permissions for his undertakings directly from the pope[citation needed]. Later, in 1255 the four dioceses of Prussia, including the Bishopric of Culm were put under the jurisdiction of the Archbishopric of Riga as metropolitan[citation needed].
In the 1250s Jutta von Sangerhausen came to live in the region and settled at Bielczyny.[citation needed] In 1256 she founded the St. George church. It was her wish to be interred at the town's cathedral-church and upon her death in 1260 her wish was granted.[citation needed] The 5 May is her memorial day. The nearby village of Bielczyny and the cathedral soon became a destination for pilgrims to her shrine.[citation needed]
The town witnessed many wars and uprisings. The nearby Old Prussians besieged the town in 1268 and 1273.
The Swedish invasions of Poland of 1626–29 and 1655–60 brought devastation to the town.[5] In the beginning of the 18th-century Russian, Saxon, Swedish armies went through the area along with supporters of Stanisław Leszczyński. The constant warfare led to the fall of the city, and its breaking point was reached due a plague that happened in years 1708–1710.[5] A next series of wars in 1733–1735 and in 1756–1763 along with fire in 1762 almost completely destroyed the city.[5]
After the First Partition of Poland on 15 September 1772 Chełmża was taken over by the Kingdom of Prussia. At that time it counted only 600 inhabitants.[5] From 1807 to 1815 it was part of the Polish Duchy of Warsaw only to be taken over by Prussia again after 1815 and Congress of Vienna. The town's population in 1831 counted 1,200 people and in 1871 3,000.[5] Its economic situation improved as it became an economic center for local villages benefited with good soil. During the
In 1866 "Towarzystwo Rolniczo-Przemysłowe" is created, an association dealing in industry and agriculture. In 1879 a regional court is established in Chełmża. Two banks and school are established as well. Jews, who made up 8% of local population, built in the 1880s a synagogue.[5] The industrial development was increased and agricultural manufacturing plant and railway terminal were completed in 1882. The population rose as well from 3,400 in 1880, 8,987 in 1900,[2] and 10,600 in 1910.[5] In 1869 a local church choir "Cecylia" was founded, which exists to this day. Around 1900, the town formed a language island of Swabian German.[10]
The development of the town was stopped due to the
On 21 January[
After the joint German-Soviet
In January 1945 the
Sports
The most notable sports clubs of the town are football club Legia Chełmża and rowing club Chełmżyńskie Towarzystwo Wioślarskie 1927 .
Famous residents
- Michał Czajkowski (born 1934), Polish priest and biblical scholar[14]
- Stefan Wincenty Frelichowski (1913–1945), Polish priest and patron of Polish Scouts, died of typhus at Dachau concentration camp
- Tadeusz Glemma (1895–1958), priest, professor, historian of Polish Catholic Church
- Michał Kwiatkowski (born 1990), Polish cyclist
- Jutta of Kulmsee aka Jutta von Preussen, Saint Judith, Saint Judith of Prussia or Jutta von Sangerhausen (1200–1260)
- Julian Prejs (1820–1904), Polish teacher and journalist
- Lothar Treuge (1877–1920), German poet
- Kurt Vespermann (1887–1957), German actor
- Eberhard Thunert (1899–1964), German general
- Józef Wrycza (1884–1961), Polish independence fighter and Catholic priest
Gallery
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Holy Trinity Co-Cathedral in Chełmża
-
Gothic Saint Nicholas Church, built 13th–14th century
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Town hall
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Rynek ("Market Square")
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Ulica Kopernika ("Copernicus Street")
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Water tower
References
- Preussische Regesten, Ann.Thor.Chron.terre Pruss. Ss.r.Pr. III 59 468
- Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Culm, Latin: (Document record of Bishopric Culm/Kulm)
- Notes
- ^ a b "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 2 June 2022. Data for territorial unit 0415011.
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 944.
- ^ Topographische Karte 2877 Culmsee 1:25000 Messtischblatt Deutsches Reich; Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie
- ^ Wiadomości Statystyczne Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego (in Polish). Vol. X. Warszawa: Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 1932. p. 140.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "Historia Chełmży". Chełmża Urząd Miasta (in Polish). Archived from the original on 19 December 2008.
- ^ Max Perlbach, Preussische Regesten [Prussian Documents: Ann. Thor. Chron. terre Pruss. Ss.r.Pr. III 59, 468)
- ^ Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Culm
- ^ a b c d Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich, Tom I (in Polish). Warszawa. 1880. p. 569.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. pp. 54, 88.
- ^ Elard Hugo Meyer. Deutsche Volkskunde. BoD – Books on Demand. p. 303.
- ^ The Pomeranian Crime 1939. Warsaw: IPN. 2018. p. 40.
- ^ Wardzyńska, Maria (2009). Był rok 1939. Operacja niemieckiej policji bezpieczeństwa w Polsce. Intelligenzaktion (in Polish). Warszawa: IPN. pp. 162–163.
- ISSN 1641-9561.
- ^ "Michał Czajkowski – ks.prof. Biblista, TW "Jankowski", powracający publicysta". 2 January 2009.
External links
- Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Culm- Latin text of Culmsee (Culmensi)
- Online scan of Biedaczek, a polish newspaper published in 19th-century Chelmża