Cheilitis
Cheilitis | |
---|---|
Appearance of the lips due to bracing wind blowing in someone's face during a fast motorcycle ride. | |
Pronunciation | |
Specialty | Dermatology |
Cheilitis is a medical condition characterized by
Cheilitis is a general term, and there are many recognized types and different causes. According to its onset and course, cheilitis can be either
Chapped lips
Chapped lips (also known as cheilitis simplex[5] or common cheilitis)[6] is characterized by the cracking, fissuring, and peeling of the skin of the lips, and is one of the most common types of cheilitis.[5][7] While both lips may be affected, the lower lip is the most common site.[7] There may also be burning or the formation of large, painful cracks when the lips are stretched.[citation needed] Chronic cheilitis simplex can progress to crusting and bleeding.[5]
Counterintuitively, constant licking of the lips causes drying and irritation, and eventually the
Some children have a habit of sucking and chewing on the lower lip, producing a combination of cheilitis and a sharply demarcated perioral erythema.[2]
Treatment is usually successful with barrier lubricants, such as lip salve or Vaseline.[5] Medical grade (USP) lanolin accelerates repair of the lips,[9] and is used in some lip repair products.
Sometimes the term "cheilitis simplex" is used interchangeably with cheilitis in general;[2] however, exfoliative cheilitis is also sometimes stated to be the equivalent of chapped lips.[10]
Actinic cheilitis
Also termed "solar cheilosis", actinic cheilitis is the result of chronic over-exposure to
Angular cheilitis
Angular cheilitis (angular stomatitis, also known as cheilosis) is inflammation of one or both of the corners (angles) of the mouth.[11] It is a fairly common condition, and often affects elderly people.
There are many possible causes, including
Eczematous cheilitis
Also termed "lip dermatitis",
It is divided into
The most common causes of allergic contact cheilitis is lip cosmetics, including lipsticks and lip balm, followed by toothpastes.[16] A lipstick allergy can be difficult to diagnose in some cases as it is possible that cheilitis can develop without the person even wearing lipstick. Instead, small exposure such as kissing someone who is wearing lipstick is enough to cause the condition.[12]
Allergy to
Infectious cheilitis
Infectious cheilitis
Granulomatous cheilitis
Orofacial granulomatosis is enlargement of lips due to the formation of non-
A related condition is
Common causes of drug-related cheilitis include
Exfoliative cheilitis
Also termed "cheilitis exfoliativa" or "tic de levres",[11] is an uncommon[24] inflammatory condition of the vermilion zone of the lips, which become painful and crusted.[34] There is continuous production and desquamation (shedding) of thick, brown scales of keratin.[12][24] The keratin layer of the epidermis of the lips experiences a faster growth and death rate than normal and desquamates.[35] When these scales are removed, a lip of normal appearance is revealed beneath,[24] although there may be associated erythema and edema.[34] The condition has not yet been attributed to any particular cause. Rarely are infections to blame.[34] In some individuals, there is an association with stress, anxiety, depression or personality disorders.[12][34] In one report, 87% of individuals had some form of psychiatric disturbance, and 47% had thyroid dysfunction, which in turn can cause psychiatric conditions like depression.[26]
Some cases of exfoliative cheilitis are thought to represent factitious damage, termed "factitious cheilitis" or "artifactual cheilitis",[23][24][26][27] and are related to repetitive lip picking or licking habits.[34] This appears as crusting and ulceration caused by repetitive chewing and sucking of the lips.[23] Some consider habitual lip licking or picking to be a form of nervous tic.[11] This habit is sometimes termed perlèche (derived from the French word pourlècher meaning "to lick one's lips").[27] Factitious cheilitis is significantly more common in young females.[23][26]
Exfoliative cheilitis has also been linked to HIV/AIDS.[26] Management consists mostly of keeping the lips moist and the application of topical corticosteroids ranging from hydrocortisone to clobetasol. There have also been reports of using topical tacrolimus ointment.[15]
Cheilitis glandularis
Chelitis glandularis is a rare inflammatory condition of the
Plasma cell cheilitis
Plasma cell cheilitis is a very rare presentation of a condition which more usually occurs on the
Other causes
- Lupus erythematosus,[39] sometimes termed "lupus cheilitis"[26]
- Crohn's disease (angular cheilitis)[34]
- "Nutritional cheilitis",[20] e.g. pyridoxine (vitamin B6) deficiency[26]
- Lichen planus[20]
- Pemphigoid[20]
- Xerostomia[10]
References
- ^ PMID 18955202.)
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of January 2024 (link - ^ ISBN 9783540594529.
- ^ ISBN 9781550093780. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
- ^ Dorfman, J. "The Center for Special Dentistry". Archived from the original on 2015-08-01..
- ^ ISBN 9788131231555.
- ISBN 9780721640396.
- ^ ISBN 9781455737956.
- ^ Kunin, Audrey. "Chapped Lips". DERMAdoctor. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012.
- ^ "Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology", Volume 56, Issue 2, Pages AB94 – AB94
- ^ ISBN 9788131229064.
- ^ ISBN 9780702049484.
- ^ ISBN 978-0192631473.
- ^ "Angular Cheilitis, Part 1: Local Etiologies" (PDF). www.skinandallergynews. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
- ^ Dyall-Smith, Delwyn. "Eczematous cheilitis on DermNet NZ". New Zealand Dermatological Society Incorporated. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
- ^ S2CID 24759624.
- ^ "Balsam of Peru induced contact allergy" DermatitisFacts.com. Date of publication: Unknown. Accessed: October 11, 2007
- ^ Dyall-Smith, Delwyn. "Contact cheilitis and other reactions involving the lips of musicians on DermNet NZ". New Zealand Dermatological Society Incorporated. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
- S2CID 32773030.
- ^ ISBN 978-3540640462.
- ^ Dyall-Smith, Delwyn. "Pigmented contact cheilitis on DermNet NZ". New Zealand Dermatological Society Incorporated. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
- ^ Delwyn Dyall-Smith (2014-01-26). "Allergic contact cheilitis". DermNet NZ. Retrieved 2014-04-21.
- ^ PMID 18226274.
- ^ PMID 7540205.
- ISBN 9781481662260.
- ^ ISBN 978-0721690032.
- ^ PMID 21838086. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-12-16. Retrieved 2013-08-26.
- S2CID 33359041.
- PMID 22031641.
- PMID 23397029.
- PMID 23328362.
- PMID 16546586.
- S2CID 39255030.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-60327-519-4.
- ^ "Exfoliative Cheilitis: Report of a Case" Journal of the Canadian Dental Association. Date of publication: Sept 2007. Volume 73, No. 7
- ^ Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Volume 54, Issue 2, Pages 336–337 P. Carrington, T. Horn
- ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ^ PMID 22628976.
- PMID 21121523.
External links
- Media related to Cheilitis at Wikimedia Commons