Chełm
Chełm | ||
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Car plates LC | | |
Website | www.chelm.pl |
Chełm (Polish:
The city is of mostly industrial character, though it also features numerous notable historical monuments and tourist attractions in the Old Town. Chełm is a multiple (former)
History
The first traces of settlement in the area of modern Chełm date back to at the least 9th century. The following century, a
In 1235,
The
The Eastern Orthodox bishopric entered
The town was the capital of a historical region of the
Age of partitions
During the
During
World War II
During the joint German-Soviet
In January 1940, the Germans murdered 440 patients of the local psychiatric hospital, including 17 children, as part of the
In 1942, during
Following the 1941 Operation Barbarossa the Germans established the Stalag 319 prisoner-of-war camp in Chełm, in which they imprisoned Soviet, French, British, Italian and other Allied POWs.[19][20] A total of some 200,000 POWs passed through the camp, and some 90,000 died there.[20] In May 1944, the camp was relocated to Skierniewice.[19] The monument commemorating the victims of Stalag 319 was unveiled in Chełm in May 2009 in the presence of foreign diplomats.[20]
From 1942 through to 1945, Chełm was one of numerous locations of the
Chełm in Jewish literature
By the end of World War II, only a remnant of Chełm's Jewish population of c. 18,000 survived. They managed to emigrate to Israel, the USA, Canada, Latin America, or
Demographics
After Poland's independence, the
In September 1939, at the onset of World War II, Jews constituted 60% (18,000) of the city's inhabitants.[32]
Number of inhabitants by year
Year | Population | Source |
---|---|---|
1995 | 69426 | [1] |
2000 | 69012 | |
2005 | 68160 | |
2010 | 66537 | |
2015 | 64270 | |
2020 | 61135 | |
2021 | 60231 |
Sights and landmarks
The main landmarks and tourist attractions of the city are Góra Chełmska with the Baroque Basilica of the Birth of the Virgin Mary and the Chełm Chalk Tunnels, located underneath the city, a unique structure in Europe and the world. The town's main historic square is the Plac Łuczkowskiego (Łuczkowski Square), which is filled with colourful historic townhouses and contains a preserved old well.
Sports
- III liga
- Sharp Torell Basket Ligain 2003/2004 season
Politics
Most influential Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from the Biała Podlaska/Chełm/Zamość constituency (2006) included: Badach Tadeusz (SLD-UP), Bratkowski Arkadiusz (PSL), Byra Jan (SLD-UP), Janowski Zbigniew (SLD-UP), Kwiatkowski Marian (Samoobrona), Lewczuk Henryk (LPR), Michalski Jerzy (Samoobrona), Nikolski Lech (SLD-UP), Skomra Szczepan (SLD-UP), Stanibuła Ryszard (PSL),[33] Stefaniuk Franciszek (PSL), Żmijan Stanisław (PO) and Matuszczak Zbigniew (SLD).
Symbols
The flag of Chełm is a rectangle with 2:3 proportions, divided into two parallel, horizontal stripes of the same width (upper – white, lower – green). On the upper strip, in the center, there is the coat of arms of Chełm.
Notable people
- Elijah Ba'al Shem of Chełm(1550–1583), notable Jewish rabbi
- Solomon ben Moses of Chelm(1715/16–1781), notable rabbinic scholar
- Anna "Ania" Dąbrowska(born 1981), singer and songwriter
- Daniel of Galicia (1201-1264), King of Ruthenia
- Magdalena Gaj (born 1974), state official
- Ida Haendel (1928–2020), classical violinist
- Mykhailo Hrushevsky (1866–1934), Ukrainian historian and politician
- Edward Ihnatowicz (1926–1988), cybernetic art sculptor
- Renata Reisfeld (born 1930), Israeli chemist
- Rose Schneiderman (1882–1972), feminist and labor leader
- Joseph Serchuk (1919–1993), Sobibor uprising survivor and Jewish partisan
- Józef Szydłowski (1896–1988), aircraft engine designer
- Szmul Zygielbojm (1895–1943), Bund leader
- Icek Ajzen (born 1942), social psychologist
International relations
Twin towns – Sister cities
Chełm is
See also
- Jewish humor#Chelm: Jewish citizens of Chelm had a bad reputation IQ-wise
References
- Notes
- ^ a b c "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 17 August 2022. Data for territorial unit 0662011.
- ^ "Invalid query".
- ^ "Historia miejscowości – Informacje o mieście – Chełm – Wirtualny Sztetl". sztetl.org.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2 February 2017.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-313-03456-5), p. 63
- ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 868
- ^ a b c d e "To był dla Chełma dobry rok". Super Tydzień Chełmski (in Polish). 10 November 2018. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
- ^ "Communal History – Chelm". Encyclopedia Judaica 1972, Keter Publishing House Jerusalem Ltd. Chelmer Organization of Israel. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- ^ "The Jews of Chełm & Escape from Borek Forest". Holocaust Education & Archive Research Team. HolocaustResearchProject.org 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- ^ Bakalczuk-Felin, Meilech and Moshe M. Shavit. "Preface". The History of the Jews in Chelm. JewishGen, Inc. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- ^ Berkenstat Freund, Gloria and Ben-Tzion Bruker, Lazar Kahan, Y. Herc, Yitzhak Groskop, J. Grinszpan. "The Slaughter of the Jews in Chelm". Destruction of Chelm. 2013 by JewishGen, Inc. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Meltzer, Rae and Dr. Philip Frydman. "The Beginning and the History of a Yiddish Community". The History of the Jews in Chelm. 2013 by JewishGen, Inc. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- ^ Berkenstat Freund, Gloria, Irene Szajewicz and Gitl Libhober. "Witness Testimony by Gitl Libhober". DESTRUCTION OF CHELM. 2013 by JewishGen, Inc. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ISBN 978-0-253-35599-7.
- ^ "440 krzewów dla uczczenia pamięci pomordowanych w 1940 roku". Radio BonTon Chełm 104.90 FM (in Polish). 24 October 2017. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
- ISSN 1641-9561.
- ^ Gałan, p. 54
- ^ Aktion Reinhard Camps. Sobibor Labour Camps. 15 June 2006. ARC Website.
- ISBN 978-1-56324-463-6.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-253-06089-1.
- ^ a b c Jacek Barczyński (8 May 2009). "Obóz Stalag 319". Media Regionalne. Dziennik Wschodni. Archive.is. Retrieved 10 August 2013.
- ^ Ihor Ilyushin (11 September 2009), Розділ 5. Бойові дії ОУН і УПА на антипольському фроиі. Chapter 5, pp. 264–266, in the Ukrainian language. From: Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Institute of Ukrainian History, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine.
- ^ Grzegorz Motyka, Zapomnijcie o Giedroyciu: Polacy, Ukraińcy, IPN
- ^ "Orthodox New Martyrs canonized". The Byzantine Forum 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
- ISBN 9789637326981.
- ISBN 978-83-08-04576-3.
Sprawa dotyczyła wsi wymordowanych przez UPA.
- ^ Jasiak, Marek. "Overcoming Ukrainian Resistance", in Ther, Philipp; Siljak, Ana (2001). Redrawing nations: ethnic cleansing in East-Central Europe, 1944–1948. Oxford: Rowman & Littfield. p. 174.
- ^ "The Myth of Chełm in Jewish Literature"
- S2CID 163047588.
- ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4– via Gale Virtual Reference Library.
- ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4– via Gale Virtual Reference Library.
- ^ Harshav, Benjamin. The Meaning of Yiddish United States of America: University of California Press, 1990. 112. Print.
- ^ Rosemary Horowitz. Memorial Books of Eastern European Jewry: Essays on the History and Meanings of Yizker Volumes. McFarland. 2011. pp. 73–74
- ^ Link in Polish Archived 27 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine with relevant pop-ups.
- ^ "City Directory". Sister Cities International. Archived from the original on 8 January 2015. Retrieved 25 March 2014.
External links
- Chełm official English-language home page
- (In Polish) eChełm.pl
- (In Polish) Chełm Online
- Essay on the history of Chełm Archived 30 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine
- Chełm in photography
- Organization for Chelmers in Israel
- "Here Their Stories Will Be Told..." The Valley of the Communities at Yad Vashem, Chełm, at Yad Vashem website.