Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus | |
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Former names |
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Alternative names | Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (official) |
General information | |
Architectural style | Indo-Saracenic Victorian Gothic Revival |
Address | Mumbai, Maharashtra |
Country | India |
Coordinates | 18°56′23″N 72°50′07″E / 18.9398°N 72.8354°E |
Construction started | 1878 |
Completed | May 1888[1] |
Cost | ₹1,614,000 (US$20,000) (at the time) now ₹2,013 million (US$25 million) |
Client | Central Railway |
Design and construction | |
Architect(s) | Frederick William Stevens, Axel Haig |
Engineer | Wilson Bell |
Website | |
https://cr.indianrailways.gov.in/ | |
Criteria | Cultural: ii, iv |
Reference | 945 |
Inscription | 2004 (28th Session) |
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus | |
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Howrah-Prayagraj-Mumbai line Mumbai-Ahmednagar railway line via Kalyan was also in planning stage with survey of this project carried out on 1970, 2000, 2014 etc.[3] | |
Platforms | 18 |
Tracks | 40 (Multiple) |
Connections | |
Construction | |
Structure type | At-grade |
Platform levels | 01 |
Parking | Yes |
Other information | |
Status | Active |
Station code | CSMT (current) BB VT CST CSTM (former) |
Zone(s) | Central Railway zone |
Division(s) | Victoria Terminus |
Location | |
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (officially Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus since 2017, formerly Victoria Terminus (VT),
The terminus was designed by a British architectural engineer Frederick William Stevens from an initial design by Axel Haig, in an exuberant Italian Gothic style. Its construction began in 1878, in a location south of the old Bori Bunder railway station,[6] and was completed in 1887, the year marking 50 years of Queen Victoria's rule.
In March 1996, the station's name was changed from Victoria Terminus to "Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus" (with station code CST) after Shivaji, the 17th-century warrior king and the first Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire who founded the state in the western Marathi-speaking regions of the Deccan Plateau.[7][8][9]
In 2017, the station was again renamed "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus" (with code CSMT), where the title
The terminus is the headquarters of India's Central Railway. It is one of the busiest railway stations in India,[12] serving as a terminal for both long-distance and suburban trains with a total number of 18 platforms.
History
Victoria Terminus
This famous landmark which has become a symbol of the city, was built as the headquarters of the Great Indian Peninsular Railway.
The railway station was built to replace the
The station took ten years to complete,[13] the longest for any building of that era in Mumbai.
Missing statue
During its construction, a marble statue of
Renaming
-
Victoria Terminus, before being renamed to Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus in 1995
The station has been renamed several times. It was built to replace Bori Bunder, the terminus of the Great Indian Peninsula Railway from 1853 to 1888 and was named Victoria Terminus to commemorate the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria. In 1996, the station was renamed to Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus[17][18] in honour of Shivaji, founder of the Maratha Empire.
In December 2016, the Fadnavis Ministry passed a resolution to change the name to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus in the Maharashtra Assembly and in May 2017, the home ministry officially sent a letter to the state government denoting the name change, following which the station was yet again renamed as the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus. However, both the former names "VT" as well as "CST" along with the current name "CSMT" are popularly used.[19][20]
2008 Mumbai attacks
On 26 November 2008, two Pakistani terrorists entered the passenger hall of the CST, opened fire and threw grenades at people. The terrorists were armed with AK-47 rifles. One of the terrorists, Ajmal Kasab, was later caught alive by the police and identified by eyewitnesses. The others did not survive. The attacks began around 21:30 when the two men entered the passenger hall and opened fire,[21][22] The attackers killed 58 people and injured 104 others,[22] their assault ending at about 22:45 after they exited the station via the North FOB towards the west to Cama hospital back entrance. The CCTV evidence was used to identify and indict Kasab.[21] In 2010, Kasab was sentenced to death for his role in the attack, and in 2012 he was hanged.[23]
Structure
The station building is designed in the High
The interior of the building was conceived as a series of large rooms with high ceilings. It is a utilitarian building and has had various changes required by the users, not always sympathetic. It has a C-shaped plan which is symmetrical on an east–west axis. All the sides of the building are given equal value in the design. It is crowned by a high central dome, which acts as the focal point. The dome is an octagonal ribbed structure with a colossal female figure symbolizing Progress, holding a torch pointing upwards in her right hand and a spoked wheel in her left hand. The side wings enclose the courtyard, which opens on to the street. The wings are anchored by monumental turrets at each of their four corners, which balance and frame the central dome. The façades present the appearance of well-proportioned rows of windows and arches. The ornamentation in the form of statuary, bas-reliefs, and friezes is exuberant yet well controlled. The columns of the entrance gates are crowned by figures of a lion (representing Great Britain) and a tiger (representing India). The main structure is built from a blend of India sandstone and limestone, while high-quality Italian marble was used for the key decorative elements. The main interiors are also decorated: the ground floor of the North Wing, known as the Star Chamber, which is still used as the booking office, is embellished with Italian marble and polished Indian blue stone. The stone arches are covered with carved foliage and grotesques.[25] Internally, the ceiling of the booking hall was originally painted blue, gold and strong red on a ground of rich blue with gold stars. Its walls were lined with glazed tiles made by Maw & Co of Britain.[16] Outside, there are statues representing Commerce, Agriculture, Engineering and Science, with a statue representing Progress on the central dome of the station.[16]
Platforms
CSMT has a total of 18 platforms—seven platforms are for suburban EMU trains and eleven platforms (Platform 8 to Platform 18) are for long-distance trains. Rajdhani, Duronto, Garib Rath and Tejas Express leave from Platform No. 18.[26] Air-conditioned dormitories were inaugurated at CST on 16 April 2013. The facility has 58 beds for men and 20 for women.[27]
In popular culture
- The station has been the location of filming the "
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f g "Chhatrapati Shivaji Station". World Heritage Site. worldheritagesite.org. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2008.
- ^ File:India Mumbai Victor Grigas 2011-15.jpg
- ^ "कल्याण-नगर रेल्वे हा विकासाचा मार्ग" [Kalyan-Nagar Railway is the path of development]. Maharashtra Times. 4 August 2017.
- ^ "Station Code Index" (PDF). Portal of Indian Railways. 2019. p. 46. Retrieved 29 June 2023.
- ^ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus)". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ISBN 81-7991-293-0.Page 64
- ISBN 978-0-14-196655-7. Quote: "Quote: "Amidst this fragmented political environment a new polity emerged in the Marathi-speaking western plateau. Its founder, the charismatic and politically gifted Maratha chieftain Shivaji Bhonsle (1630-80), repeatedly used courage and savvy to outmanoeuvre his adversaries."
- ISBN 978-1-136-27613-2. Quote: "Tilak also inaugurated another cult by resuscitating the memory of Shivaji, the chieftain who had originally established Mahratta fortunes in contest with the Mughals."
- ISBN 978-93-5177-750-2. Quote: "Quote: First was the purely home-bred guerrilla force under Shivaji. The courageous and wily Maratha chieftain along with his successors and, subsequently, the Peshwas, defied the Mughals and other Muslim invaders for almost a century from the latter half of the seventeenth century and expanded the Maratha Empire till it covered much of the Indian heartland.
- ISBN 978-0-19-563846-2.
- ^ "From VT to CST: Interesting facts about Mumbai's busiest railway station". Mid-day. 20 June 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2019.
- ^ "India's impressive railway stations". Rediff.com. 13 October 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
- ^ a b Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria Terminus)". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 26 December 2019.
- ISBN 81-7508-329-8
- ^ "CST's Victoria missing without a trace". The Indian Express. 21 December 2015.
- ^ ISBN 81-7508-329-8.
- ^ "Suresh Kalmadi – Work Profile". Archived from the original on 28 February 2009. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
- ^ "Suresh Kalmadi – In Conversation". Archived from the original on 2 August 2009. Retrieved 21 March 2011.
- ^ Korde, Kallah (3 July 2017). "Mumbai travellers, CST is now Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 7 August 2023.
- ^ "Mumbai Railway station renamed to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus". The Times of India. 30 June 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ^ a b "3 witnesses identify Kasab, court takes on record CCTV footage". The Economic Times. India. 17 June 2009. Archived from the original on 18 June 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2009.
- ^ a b "Photographer recalls Mumbai attacks". The News International. 16 June 2009. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 17 June 2009.
- ^ "Ajmal Kasab hanged at Yerwada Jail in Pune at 7:30 am". The Times of India. 21 November 2012. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
- ^ "6 dead, 31 injured as 'Kasab bridge' in Mumbai collapses". OnManorama. Retrieved 15 March 2019.
- ^ "Microsoft Word – IND 945 AN.doc" (PDF). Retrieved 26 March 2013.
- ^ "Mumbai CSTM Station – 24 Train Departures CR/Central Zone – Railway Enquiry". indiarailinfo.com. Retrieved 1 February 2018.
- ^ "Dormitories for women at CST, LTT get good response". The Indian Express. 19 April 2013.
- ^ Outlook Publishing (6 October 2008). Outlook. Outlook Publishing. pp. 69–. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
- ^ "3,500 VFX shots in RA.One". Mahiram. n.d. Retrieved 7 November 2011.