Chi (unit)

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Chi
Chinese name
Hanyu Pinyin
chǐ
Bopomofoㄔˇ
Wade–Gilesch'ih3
Tongyong Pinyinchǐh
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanizationchek
Jyutpingcek3
Japanese nameKanji尺KanaしゃくKorean nameHangul자Hanjan/aAlternative Korean nameHangul척Hanja尺
Chi (China)
Wooden ruler of the western Han dynasty, unearthed at Jinguan Pass Site in Jinta County
General information
Unit systemtraditional Chinese unit
Unit oflength
Conversions
1 chi (china) in ...... is equal to ...
   
US units
   ~1.0936 ft
 ~13.123 in
Chek (Hong Kong)
a section of an old Hong Kong ruler, showing the last (10th) cun of a chi. One can see that the chi in that jurisdiction was exactly equal to 14+5/8 of an inch. A metric ruler is shown next to it for comparison
General information
Unit systemtraditional Chinese unit
Unit oflength
Conversions
1 chek (hong kong) in ...... is equal to ...
   metric (SI) units   0.371475 m
 ~371.5 mm
   imperial/US units   1.21875 ft
 14+5/8 in
Chi (Taiwan)
Unit systemtraditional Taiwan unit
Unit oflength
Conversions
1 chi (taiwan) in ...... is equal to ...
   metric (SI) units   10⁄33 m
 ~303.0 mm
   imperial/US units   ~0.99419 ft
 ~11.930 in

The chi (Tongyong Pinyin chih) is a

People's Republic of China, its special administrative region of Hong Kong, and Taiwan
.

In its ancient and modern forms, the chi is divided into 10 smaller units known as cun (the "Chinese inch"). 10 chi are equal to 1 zhàng.[1]

Modern values

In the

Cantonese, is defined as exactly 0.371475 m (1 ft 2.6250 in) or 1 7/32 ft.[2]
The two units are sometimes referred to in English as "Chinese foot" and "Hong Kong foot".

In Taiwan, chi is the same as the Japanese shaku, i.e., 10⁄33 metre (11.93 in)[citation needed].

Historical values

The study of ancient

Warring States era, the value of chi was essentially the same.[4]

It is thought that the ancient Chinese astronomers also used chi as an angular unit; modern analysis of historical records indicates that it may have been equal to one degree.[5]

In the 19th century, the value of the chi, depending on the part of the country and the application, varied between 31 and 36 cm (12 and 14 in). According to an 1864 British report, in most of China the chi used by engineers in public works was equal to 12.71 inches (32.3 cm), the surveyors' chi was 12.058 inches (30.63 cm), while the value generally used for measuring distances was 12.17 inches (30.9 cm). In Guangzhou, however, the chi used for local trade varied from 14.625 to 14.81 inches (37.15 to 37.62 cm) – i.e., very close to the modern chek. The value fixed by a Sino-British treaty for the purposes of customs duties in Hong Kong was 14.1 inches (36 cm).[6]

Usage in Chinese language

Due to its long history and its widespread usage, chi (along with cun) has also seen metaphorical usages in the Chinese language. For example, chi cun (Chinese: 尺寸), a word made up of the units chi and cun, refers to the dimensions of an object, while the idiom "dé cùn jìn chǐ" (simplified Chinese: 得寸进尺; traditional Chinese: 得寸進尺; lit. 'gaining a cun and asking for a chi') means "extremely greedy".

In informal use in China, chi is also sometimes used to refer to the United States customary foot or British imperial foot.

References

  1. ^ Shuowen Jiezi (説文解字）, "尺，所以指尺䂓榘事也。" East Asian usually makes spanning with his/her thumb and forefinger, instead of pinkie.
  2. ^ Cap. 68A WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ORDER ─ SCHEDULE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES CONVERSION TABLE (Hong Kong e-Legislation)
  3. ISBN 0-19-853936-3
    .
  4. ISBN 978-0-253-34028-3
  5. Bibcode:1987AcASn..28..397L
    .
  6. ^ Carrington, Robert C. (1864). Foreign measures and their English values. Potter. p. 22.

External links

Look up chi, chek, or 尺 in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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