Chiang Rai
Chiang Rai
เชียงราย ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ | |
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Chiang Rai Municipality เทศบาลนครเชียงราย ᩅ᩠ᨿᨦᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ | |
Mueang Chiang Rai | |
City municipality | 13 February 2004[1] |
Founded by | King Mangrai |
Subdistricts | |
Government | |
• Type | UTC+7 (ICT) |
Postal code | 57000 |
Area code | (+66) 53 |
Geocode | 5100 |
Airport | Chiang Rai International Airport Old Chiang Rai Airport |
Website | chiangraicity |
Chiang Rai (
Chiang Rai | |
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Thai name | |
Thai | เชียงราย |
RTGS | Chiang Rai |
Northern Thai name | |
Northern Thai | ᨩ᩠ᨿᨦᩁᩣ᩠ᨿ [tɕiaŋ.haːj] |
History
The city was founded by King Mangrai in 1262[2]: 208 and became the capital of the Mangrai Dynasty. The word 'Chiang' means 'city' in Thai, so Chiang Rai would mean 'the City of (Mang) Rai'. Subsequently, Chiang Rai was conquered by Burma and remained under Burmese rule for several hundred years. It was not until 1786 that Chiang Rai became a Chiang Mai vassal. Siam (Thailand) annexed Chiang Mai in 1899, and Chiang Rai was proclaimed a province of Thailand in 1933.
In 1432, during the reign of King Sam Fang Kaen of the Mangrai Dynasty (1402–1441), the Phra Kaeo, or
In 1992, the city pillar was moved from Wat Klang Wiang to Wat Phra That Doi Chom Thong, where it is known as Sadue Mueang (Thai: สะดือเมือง), the "navel" or omphalos of the city.
Geography
Chiang Rai lies on the flat
There are four bridges spanning the Kok River within the town's boundaries, each running south–north. Most of the terrain surrounding Chiang Rai town is either flat or has moderate hills. The exception is outward in the west and north-west directions, where limestone hills are evident, some of which have vertical exposed cliffs. That is also the direction where most of the region's hill tribe people have their villages, further afield.
The city is 860 kilometres (530 mi) north of
Climate
Chiang Rai has a
Climate data for Chiang Rai (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 34.3 (93.7) |
37.0 (98.6) |
39.3 (102.7) |
41.3 (106.3) |
42.0 (107.6) |
39.6 (103.3) |
36.7 (98.1) |
35.6 (96.1) |
35.0 (95.0) |
34.6 (94.3) |
34.9 (94.8) |
33.5 (92.3) |
42.0 (107.6) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 28.6 (83.5) |
31.3 (88.3) |
33.7 (92.7) |
34.7 (94.5) |
33.5 (92.3) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.3 (88.3) |
30.9 (87.6) |
31.4 (88.5) |
30.9 (87.6) |
29.6 (85.3) |
27.8 (82.0) |
31.4 (88.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 20.2 (68.4) |
21.9 (71.4) |
24.8 (76.6) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.5 (81.5) |
27.5 (81.5) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.6 (79.9) |
26.5 (79.7) |
25.4 (77.7) |
22.9 (73.2) |
20.2 (68.4) |
24.8 (76.6) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) |
14.5 (58.1) |
17.5 (63.5) |
21.1 (70.0) |
23.0 (73.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
23.9 (75.0) |
23.7 (74.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
17.9 (64.2) |
14.7 (58.5) |
19.9 (67.8) |
Record low °C (°F) | 1.5 (34.7) |
6.5 (43.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
17.1 (62.8) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.6 (69.1) |
20.7 (69.3) |
17.0 (62.6) |
12.7 (54.9) |
5.0 (41.0) |
1.5 (34.7) |
1.5 (34.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 16.5 (0.65) |
12.7 (0.50) |
34.5 (1.36) |
92.6 (3.65) |
226.5 (8.92) |
186.2 (7.33) |
317.6 (12.50) |
372.9 (14.68) |
275.1 (10.83) |
123.5 (4.86) |
44.8 (1.76) |
20.6 (0.81) |
1,723.4 (67.85) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1.5 | 1.2 | 2.9 | 7.9 | 14.5 | 14.6 | 19.6 | 20.5 | 14.7 | 8.3 | 3.5 | 1.9 | 111.1 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
74.4 | 67.2 | 64.2 | 67.2 | 74.7 | 78.8 | 82.1 | 84.1 | 82.9 | 80.9 | 78.2 | 76.5 | 75.9 |
Average dew point °C (°F) | 14.7 (58.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
16.4 (61.5) |
19.7 (67.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.1 (73.6) |
21.6 (70.9) |
18.4 (65.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
19.7 (67.5) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 248.6 | 242.7 | 243.7 | 245.8 | 216.2 | 158.9 | 123.2 | 126.0 | 163.3 | 197.8 | 224.4 | 222.2 | 2,412.6 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 8.8 | 9.1 | 9.5 | 9.3 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 4.8 | 6.4 | 8.3 | 8.1 | 7.0 |
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization,[3] (extremes)[4] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department (mean daily sun 1981–2010)[5] |
Chiang Rai | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Demographics
According to the Thai National Statistical Office, as of September 2010, Chiang Rai municipal district had a population of 199,699. With the spread of the city extending into neighboring districts, the metropolitan area is considered somewhat larger by local residents. Chiang Rai city is the capital city and business center of the Chiang Rai Province, home to 1.1 million residents.[citation needed]
A significant share—12.5 percent—of the population are of hill tribes descent. "Hill tribes" is a collective term for the minority ethnic groups in north Thailand such as the Karen, Akha, Lisu, Miao, and Hmong.
Government
Chiang Rai City is the capital of
The
Buddhist temples
- Wat Phra That Doi Chom Thong, 19°54.970′N 99°49.365′E / 19.916167°N 99.822750°E
- Wat Phra Kaeo, Chiang Rai, 19°54.704′N 99°49.647′E / 19.911733°N 99.827450°E
- Wat Phra Sing, Chiang Rai, 19°54.653′N 99°49.882′E / 19.910883°N 99.831367°E
- Wat Doi Khao Khwai, 19°52.892′N 99°48.582′E / 19.881533°N 99.809700°E
- Wat Rong Khun, 19°49.480′N 99°45.800′E / 19.824667°N 99.763333°E, a modern temple built since 1998 by Thai artist Chalermchai Kositpipat
- Chedi Doi Trimoorati, 19°57′36.48″N 99°49′14.70″E / 19.9601333°N 99.8207500°E
Education
Colleges and universities
- Mae Fah Luang University
- Chiang Rai Rajabhat University
- Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna, Chiang Rai Campus
International schools
- Chiang Rai International School
- Chiang Rai International Christian School 19°57.022′N 99°49.893′E / 19.950367°N 99.831550°E
High schools
- Samakkhi Witthayakhom School 19°54.314′N 99°49.598′E / 19.905233°N 99.826633°E
- Damrongratsongkroh School
- Chiang Rai Witthayakhom School
- Chiangrai municiplarity school 6
- Chiang Rai International School
Primary schools
- PSEP Bilingual School. [2]
- Bansankhong (Chiangraijaroonrat) School 19°54.045′N 99°49.671′E / 19.900750°N 99.827850°E
- Piti Suksa Montessori School 19°55.400′N 99°49.950′E / 19.923333°N 99.832500°E
- AMEC School, Chiang Rai 19°50.660′N 99°48.114′E / 19.844333°N 99.801900°E
Hospitals
In 2018 the survivors of the Tham Luang cave rescue were brought to Chiang Rai, the nearest large city for hospital care.[7]
- Overbrook Hospital (semi-private) Founded in 1903 by Dr. William A. Briggs, as a Missionary hospital.
- Kasemrad Sriburin General Hospital, Private hospital.
- Chiang Rai Prachanukhro Hospital, Public hospital.
- Fort Mengraimaharaj Hospital, Military public hospital.
- Chiang Rai Inter Hospital, Private hospital.
- Bangkok Hospital - Chiang Rai, Private hospital by BDMS chain.
Transportation
Route 1 runs from
Several flights are available to and from Bangkok daily. Chiang Rai International Airport flight time is about 1 hour and 30 minutes. There are several major operators including Thai Airways, Air Asia, Nok Air.
There is scheduled boat service between Chiang Rai and
There are currently no rail services to Chiang Rai as the railway line from Bangkok ends at Chiang Mai. Nonetheless, new 323 kilometer-long branch line, from
References
- ^ [1],"ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง เปลี่ยนแปลงฐานะเทศบาลเมืองเป็นเทศบาลนคร"
- ISBN 978-0-8248-0368-1.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
- ^ "Climatological Data for the Period 1981–2010". Thai Meteorological Department. Retrieved 4 August 2016.
- ^ "ปริมาณการใช้น้ำของพืชอ้างอิงโดยวิธีของ Penman Monteith (Reference Crop Evapotranspiration by Penman Monteith)" (PDF) (in Thai). Office of Water Management and Hydrology, Royal Irrigation Department. p. 11. Retrieved 31 July 2016.
- ^ "www.tmd.go.th/province_stat.php?StationNumber=48303". Archived from the original on 2014-08-05. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ "Thai Cave Rescue Live Updates: 8th Person Is Out". Retrieved 2018-07-09.
- ^ The History of Den Chai–Chiang Khong Dual-Track Railway Project, 1 March 2023
- ^ "Excavation Begin on 6.2-Kilometer Railway Tunnel in Chiang Rai". Chiang Rai Times. 2023-03-06. Retrieved 2023-06-05.
External links
- Chiang Rai travel guide from Wikivoyage