Chicken and waffles

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Chicken and waffles
Soul-food-style chicken and waffles, served with peaches and cream as dessert
Place of originUnited States
Region or stateSouthern United States, Pennsylvania
Serving temperatureHot
Main ingredientsChicken, waffles
VariationsStewed chicken with gravy
Fried chicken with butter and syrup

Chicken and waffles is an

Pennsylvania Dutch cuisine and soul food, and is served in certain specialty restaurants in the United States.[1]
Originating as a Pennsylvania Dutch meal, the dish has received notability in the Southern United States.

Description

Chicken and waffles, as a combined recipe, first appeared in the United States' colonial period in the 1600s in Pennsylvania Dutch country.

Pennsylvania Dutch version consists of a plain waffle with pulled, stewed chicken on top, covered in gravy.[2]

A version using

Baltimore, Maryland to become a local custom.[1]

History

Fried chicken and waffles

The origins of the dish are unknown. Waffles entered American cuisine in the 1600s with European colonists. The food's popularity saw a notable boost after 1789 with Thomas Jefferson's purchase of four waffle irons in Amsterdam.[1][3][4]

In the early 1800s, hotels and resorts outside Philadelphia served waffles with fried

East Liberty in western Pennsylvania that was known for "suppers of spring chickens and waffles".[6]

By the 1840s, broiled chicken and waffles were the celebrated specialty at Warriner's Tavern in

abolitionists. Prior to the Civil War, chicken and waffles were extravagant breakfast staples in plantation houses through much of the South, prepared by the well-trained cooks.[7]

In 1909, a Griswold's waffle iron advertisement promised, "You can attend a chicken and waffle supper right at home any time you have the notion if you are the owner of a Griswold's American Waffle Iron."[5]

A traditional story about the origin of the dish in soul food states that because African Americans in the South rarely had the opportunity to eat chicken and were more familiar with flapjacks or pancakes than with waffles, they considered the dish a delicacy. For decades, it remained "a special-occasion meal in African American families."[8] The combination of chicken and waffles does not appear in early Southern cookbooks such as Mrs. Porter’s Southern Cookery Book, published in 1871, or in What Mrs. Fisher Knows About Old Southern Cooking, published in 1881 by former slave Abby Fisher.[9] Fisher's cookbook is generally considered the first cookbook written by an African American.[8] The lack of a recipe for the combination of chicken and waffles in Southern cookbooks from the era may suggest a later origin for the dish. Popular culture may have associated the dish with the South by 1917, when Edna Ferber's Fanny Herself mentioned a Chicago restaurant falsely advertising "Southern chicken dinner with waffles and real maple syrup, 35 cents each."[10]

Fried chicken and waffles came to Los Angeles by 1931, when they were served at The Maryland, a restaurant that marketed the dish as a Southern specialty.[11] James M. Cain's 1941 novel Mildred Pierce concerns a woman who finds success serving "chicken-and-waffle dinner" at her Glendale restaurant.[11]

In New York City , the dish was served in the African-American community in Harlem as early as the 1930s in such locations as Tillie's Chicken Shack, Richard Wells' jazz nightclub, and particularly the Wells Supper Club.[12] In 1935, the trumpeter Bunny Berigan composed a jazz instrumental titled "Chicken and Waffles".[13][14]

Since the 1970s, chicken and waffles have gained popularity in Los Angeles due to the fame of former Harlem resident Herb Hudson's restaurant

Roscoe's House of Chicken and Waffles, which has become known as a favorite of some Hollywood celebrities, referenced in several movies,[12]
and spun off several more into a small chain.

See also

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 0-399-15183-4
    .
  2. ^ a b c Tori Avey (18 January 2013). "Discover History of Chicken and Waffles". PBS Food. PBS. Archived from the original on 2 May 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  3. ^ Price, Will (April 13, 2016). "A Pressing Mystery: Thomas Jefferson and the Waffle". Garden & Gun. Archived from the original on July 18, 2019. Retrieved July 18, 2019.
  4. ISBN 978-0-19-973496-2
    .
  5. ^ a b c d William Woys Weaver (June 4, 2013). "The Dutch Country Waffle Dinner". Table Matters. The Center for Cultural Outreach, Pennoni Honors College, Drexel University. Archived from the original on 2018-07-10.
  6. ^ Johnston, William G. (1901). Life and reminiscences from birth to manhood. Pittsburgh: Knickerbocker Press. pp. 292–3.
  7. ^ "Chicken and Waffles, the Most Complete Expression of Southern Culinary Skill". An Eccentric Culinary History. September 4, 2016. Archived from the original on May 8, 2019. Retrieved May 8, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "Serving up chicken & waffles". Los Angeles Business Journal. September 22, 1997. p. 1.
  9. ^ Fisher, Abby (1881). What Mrs. Fisher Knows about Old Southern Cooking. San Francisco: Women's Cooperative Printing Office.
  10. ISBN 978-963-524-010-4.[permanent dead link
    ]
  11. ^ a b Perry, Charles (March 2, 2005). "'Mildred Pierce' still one hot plate". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on March 26, 2014. Retrieved March 25, 2014.
  12. ^ a b "Breakfast or Dinner". East Bay Express. August 4, 2004. Archived from the original on March 19, 2018. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
  13. ^ Hagel, Ken (November 28, 2014). ""Chicken And Waffles " – Bunny Berigan And His Blue Boys (1935)". Jazz Between the Wars. Archived from the original on August 13, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2016.
  14. ^ "Bunny Berigan And His Blue Boys – You Took Advantage Of Me / Chicken And Waffles". Discogs. Zink Media, Inc. Archived from the original on 2016-12-02. Retrieved 2016-12-01.

External links

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