Chieti

Coordinates: 42°21′N 14°10′E / 42.350°N 14.167°E / 42.350; 14.167
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Chieti
Chjïétë / Chjìtë (Neapolitan)
Comune
Città di Chieti
Panorama of Chieti
Panorama of Chieti
Flag of Chieti
Flag
Coat of arms of Chieti
Coat of arms
Motto: 
Theate Regia Metropolis utriusque Aprutinae Provinciae Princeps
Location of Chieti
Map
UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
66100
Dialing code0871
Patron saintSt. Justin of Chieti
Saint dayMay 11
WebsiteOfficial website

Chieti (Italian:

Latin: Theate, Teate) is a city and comune (municipality) in Southern Italy, 200 kilometres (124 miles) east of Rome. It is the capital of the province of Chieti, in the Abruzzo region
.

In Italian, the adjectival form is teatino and inhabitants of Chieti are called "teatini". The English form of this name is preserved in that of the Theatines, a Catholic religious order.

History

Roman theatre

Mythological origins and etymology

Chieti is among the most ancient of Italian cities. According to mythological legends, the city was founded by the fellows of

Arcadians as Thegeate (Θηγεάτη), named after Tegea.[3]

It was called Theate (Greek: Θεάτη) (or Teate in Latin). As Theate Marrucinorum, Chieti was the chief town of the warlike Marrucini.

First prehistoric settlements

Discoveries of great importance to the prehistory of Abruzzo and traces of settlements dating back to 850,000 – 400,000 years ago were those of two hand axes and some Clactonian splinters at Madonna del Freddo's fluvial terraces, in the territory of Chieti. Instead, over Chieti's hill, the oldest archaeological finds of human settlements date back to 5,000 BC.[4][5]

The Italic period

After being inhabited by

First Samnite War (343 to 341 BC).[6]

Roman history

Even if Marrucini did not participate in the

Social War, during which Herius Asinius, a famous general from Teate, was defeated and killed.[7] In imperial times, Teate's population reached 60,000 inhabitants (a considerable number for that period) and was enriched with various structures, which are partially visible today: a forum, a 5,000-seat theater with a diameter of about 80 meters, 4,000-seat amphitheater (recently restored and usable today), an aqueduct, and thermae with a large underground cistern. Teate was favored by Via Tiburtina, an important connection to Rome, and by important people and families, such as Asinia gens.[8][3]

Christianity probably arrived early, also thanks to Via Tiburtina, but there are different traditions regarding who Christinised the town. Also according to tradition, the figure who organized the diocese and established its boundaries was the bishop Justin of Chieti.[3]

Medieval history

With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, it was destroyed by Visigoths and Heruli. After being controlled by Ostrogoths and Byzantine Empire, it was seat of a gastaldate under the Lombard kings, so it regained importance. Later, in 801, it was destroyed by Pepin of Italy, son of Charlemagne, and it remained a fief of the Duchy of Spoleto for two centuries.[9]

Chieti recovered some political and economic importance under the

Abruzzi and seat of the viceroy. In 1443, the town obtained the title of "Theate Regia Metropolis Utriusque Aprutinae Provinciae Princeps" (Latin for "Chieti royal town and capital of both the provinces of Abruzzo).[3][8]

Modern history

In the 16th century, Chieti maintained important economic relationships with

Venetian Republic was opened in 1555. Also in this and the following century, noble and rich families from Veneto and Lombardy arrived. In the first half of the 16th century, Gian Pietro Carafa, the future Pope Paul IV, was bishop and archbishop of Chieti. In 1571, Chieti participated to the Battle of Lepanto against the Ottoman Empire
.

After a cultural and architectural flourishing during the 17th century, under the aegis of the Counter-Reformation, Chieti was decimated by fatalities from plague in 1656.[citation needed] In this century, Chieti acquired the current configuration that characterizes the old town, especially thanks to the ecclesiastical power. Indeed, in that period new religious orders arrived, which, together with the pre-existing ones, erected new buildings. In 1647, under Spanish domination, there was a short period of feoffment of Chieti.

In the 18th century, Chieti was enriched of new buildings, and its cultural life was characterized by several academies and schools, which contributed to the city's artistic heritage.[3][4]

Contemporary history

In 1806 Chieti was turned into a fortress by

Risorgimento and also fought in 1820, 1848 and 1859. In 1860, Victor Emmanuel II was triumphantly received at Chieti, and in 1861 the town became part of the newly created Kingdom of Italy.[3]

After

Italian Unification, Chieti saw several innovations, such as the creation of banking centers and Cassa di Risparmio Marrucina (headquartered in Chieti and predecessor of now defunct CariChieti), gas lighting for the entire town, Rome–Sulmona–Pescara railway, Chieti railway station in 1888, railway connections within the town, the electricity, an aqueduct
in 1891, and works of editing of the main street of Chieti with also many demolitions.

Chieti gave many combatants during World War I, with 350 people who died in war.[4]

World War II

During World War II, Chieti was declared an open city (like Rome) and was not extensively bombed by either side.

It was the site of an infamous POW Camp for British and Commonwealth officers (PG 21) where its commandante – Barela – was later convicted of war crimes for his treatment of POWs. Imprisonment in wartime Italy was tough enough. At some camps conditions were much harder, and the regime more brutal, than at others.

PG 21 was a very large camp through which many POWs passed, often on their way to other camps such as Veano and Fontanellato. It was overcrowded, with little running water, poor sanitation and, in winter, no heating. Shortage of food and warm clothing prompted debate in the UK House of Commons.

The story of the camp between August 1942 and September 1943 is told in a book published in November 2014 and written by Brian Lett, a former chairman of the Monte San Martino Trust and the author of several books, including S.A.S. in Tuscany. He tells of suffering under a violently pro-Fascist regime. The first Commandant personally beat up one recaptured escapee. A pilot was murdered by an Italian guard following his escape attempt. Tunnels were dug, and the prisoners were even prepared to swim through human sewage to try to get out. Somehow, morale remained remarkably high.

After the war, a number of the camp's staff were arrested for war crimes, concluding its unhappy history.[10]

The city at this time welcomed many refugees from the near towns and villages. Allied forces liberated the city on June 9, 1944, one day after the

Germans
left the city.

Geography and urban landscape

The dome of San Francesco al Corso Church

Chieti is situated about 10 kilometers away from the

Gran Sasso mountains in the background. It is mainly divided into Chieti Alta on the homonymous hill overlooking the Pescara and Alento rivers and the more recent commercial and industrial area, which is called Chieti Scalo and has developed thanks to the Chieti railway station along the ancient layout of Via Tiburtina, in the valley of the Pescara river. Chieti Alta (Italian for "Upper Chieti"), reaches more than 300 meters in elevation on the sea level and includes the old town, with its various historic remains.[11][12][13]

Geology

The territory shows the typical geological and geomorphological features of the

Apennines and the Adriatic Sea, with the following geological succession starting from the deepest stratum: clays, sandy clays, sands, sometimes conglomerates, and facies made by gravels, sands and silts. This succession originated in a period starting in the Zanclean and ending in the Chibanian.[14]

Historical streets and squares

Vittorio Emanuele II Square

As the main square of the old town, it has an elevation of 330 meters, and is located on a part of Chieti's hill called Colle Gallo. Even if it also commonly referred to as Saint Justin Square or "Piazza Grande" (i.e. "Big Square"), its official name is Vittorio Emanuele II Square. This name was given to the square in order to remember

Italian unification
, on October 18, 1860.

The square shows the Cathedral, but also other important buildings for Chieti, such as the seat of the comune (the town hall), the tribunal, and Mezzanotte palace. A nobles' palace erected in 1517 has been the official town hall since 1870, even if that building was intensely modified and now only small elements of the old palace remain, including a loggia and some niches.[4]

Corso Marrucino

Corso Marrucino (Italian for "Marrucinian Street"), the main street of Chieti's center, follows in its path part of the shape of Chieti's hill and is characterized by many buildings of different periods, which sometimes also present porches for pedestrians. Formerly known as "Corso Galiani", it was modified according to a project approved in 1890, which also enlarged the street through different demolitions.

Among the most representative architectures, there are the former local seat of the

Neapolitan style on Ancient Roman underground galleries, featuring a patio, a big stone portal, and an original Orientalizing turret.[4][3]

Churches

Chieti Cathedral

Chieti Cathedral

The

Saint Justin of Chieti.[15][16][17] Close to the cathedral there is the Baroque oratory of the Mount of the Dead Brotherhood, the oldest catholic fraternity of Chieti that was officially acknowledged by Pope Innocent X in 1648.[18]

San Francesco al Corso

A church dedicated to Saint Francis, which has the traditional

stairway and another intervention was commissioned by the noblewoman Theresa de Hortalis. The church has a hemispherical dome with trompe-l'œil paintings and ten chapels, whose improvements were financed by some of the most important and ancient families of Chieti.[19][20]

Santa Chiara

The interiors of the church

The

Italian Unification, who were for sure present in Chieti since the 14th century. Artworks of great importance preserved in this church are the wooden pulpit with gold and marble decorations, the 18th century organ, the vault painted with a representation of the Assumption of Mary, and the major altarpiece representing the Pentecost.[21][4]

Santissima Trinità

Founded and built by a brotherhood with the donations of inhabitants between 1586 and 1587, the church is named after the

Holy Trinity. Adjacent to it there were another much older church with a hospital, which was later transformed in a palace (Palazzo Lepri), and an access door to Chieti, which was partly included in the church and transformed in a chapel. The church presents a single nave and a brick façade completed in 1609.[4]

San Domenico

Along Corso Marrucino street there is San Domenico church, which was formerly dedicated to Saint Anne and built between 1642 and 1672 by the Piarists. The façade is in a Roman Baroque style with a brick Baroque bell tower, and the interiors are rich of decorations and preserve also artworks of another church demolished in 1913, whose name was reused for this church.[4][3]

Other structures

Teatro Marrucino

Teatro Marrucino

At the beginning of the 19th century, Chieti needed to have a larger and more modern theater to host the increased number of spectators, and the intense

Verdi). In 1875 the Neapolitan artist Giovanni Ponticelli painted the front curtain, representing the triumph over Dalmatae of Gaius Asinius Pollio.[22]

Porta Pescara

Porta Pescara is the name of the only

pointed arch, was realized in stone thanks to the donations collected by the bishop of Chieti. Their name derives from the fact that they gave access to the old road to today's Pescara.[4]

Urban parks

Villa Comunale

Located at the Southern part of Chieti's hill, Villa Comunale is the major park in Chieti. It was created by merging the gardens of two nobles'

First World War memorial realized in 1924. Adjacent to the park, there is the former military hospital, which was located in an Order of Friars Minor's convent founded in 1420.[4]

Archaeological sites

Roman temples of Chieti

The territory of Chieti was the seat of Teate, a Roman town which was founded in an area inhabited since Prehistory and flourished in the first century BC, becoming a

mosaics that can be partially seen today, and fueled by a close cistern.[23]

Roman theater

In the area of La Civitella there are the remains of a Roman theatre, which was probably built in the 1st century CE, a period of prosperity. The building had a diameter of about 80

meters and could host about 5,000 spectators, but today they can see little more than the left wing of its cavea
with some corridors.

Roman temples

In 1935 Desiderato Scenna discovered the remains of four ancient Roman temples, the best-preserved one of which was used as a church since the 8th century and renamed after

tiles, and the plan of the twin temples included a portico and underground spaces.[24][25]

Underground Chieti

The thermae are connected to an underground

water supply system. In addition, underneath the 18th-century Palazzo de' Mayo there is the so-called via tecta, an over 4 meters tall ancient Roman underground street, whose function is still debated.[26][27][28][29]

Climate

Chieti climate is considered genuine

Adriatic sea) carries cold from the Eurasian Steppe, while wind from south-west (from the Tyrrhenian Sea) carries heat from Algerian Desert
. Wind is present year-round.

Climate data for Chieti, at the University
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 22.1
(71.8) 		26.5
(79.7) 		28.1
(82.6) 		32.0
(89.6) 		35.1
(95.2) 		37.5
(99.5) 		39.7
(103.5) 		41.7
(107.1) 		40.3
(104.5) 		30.2
(86.4) 		27.6
(81.7) 		24.8
(76.6) 		41.7
(107.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 8.7
(47.7) 		12.9
(55.2) 		16.0
(60.8) 		20.0
(68.0) 		24.2
(75.6) 		28.7
(83.7) 		32.1
(89.8) 		31.6
(88.9) 		27.0
(80.6) 		21.1
(70.0) 		17.4
(63.3) 		13.2
(55.8) 		21.3
(70.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.5
(41.9) 		8.6
(47.5) 		11.4
(52.5) 		15.0
(59.0) 		18.8
(65.8) 		23.0
(73.4) 		26.3
(79.3) 		25.6
(78.1) 		21.8
(71.2) 		16.7
(62.1) 		13.0
(55.4) 		6.5
(43.7) 		16.4
(61.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.4
(36.3) 		4.4
(39.9) 		6.8
(44.2) 		10.0
(50.0) 		13.5
(56.3) 		17.4
(63.3) 		20.5
(68.9) 		19.7
(67.5) 		16.6
(61.9) 		12.3
(54.1) 		8.7
(47.7) 		2.0
(35.6) 		11.5
(52.7)
Record low °C (°F) −4.9
(23.2) 		−3.9
(25.0) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		0.9
(33.6) 		6.3
(43.3) 		9.3
(48.7) 		13.4
(56.1) 		11.5
(52.7) 		7.9
(46.2) 		3.1
(37.6) 		0.4
(32.7) 		−5.3
(22.5) 		−5.3
(22.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 53.4
(2.10) 		57.0
(2.24) 		67.0
(2.64) 		52.8
(2.08) 		59.5
(2.34) 		44.3
(1.74) 		45.8
(1.80) 		21.3
(0.84) 		72.5
(2.85) 		67.0
(2.64) 		75.9
(2.99) 		43.6
(1.72) 		660.5
(26.00)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 8.3 8.3 8.5 8.0 7.8 5.0 3.1 3.3 6.5 8.2 7.1 6.3 80.4
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		76.9 73.2 70.7 70.1 66.5 64.4 60.1 63.5 70.0 78.8 78.9 75.2 70.6
Source: Chieti Meteo[30]

Natural hazards

Different inhabited areas surrounding Chieti's

floods. Chieti lies in an area of "average seismicity": in its territory, on hard ground, there is the 10% probability of the maximum peak ground acceleration equal to or greater than 0.145-0.170 ɡn in a 50-year period.[31][32][33][34]

Air quality

From the preliminary 2021 report by ARTA

PM 10 reached 50 μg/m3 level 7 times in 2021, while ozone reached 120 μg/m3 level 4 times in the summer months of the same year and never was detected with a concentration of more than 180 μg/m3. In addition, the concentrations of benzene, carbon monoxide and sulfur trioxide were recorded and found well under the limits established by law.[35]

Air quality in 2021
Pollutant Annual average concentration
PM 10
 20 μg/m3
PM 2.5
 14 μg/m3
N
2O 		15 μg/m3

Demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
186119,586—    
1871 24,762+26.4%
1881 22,248−10.2%
1901 26,343+18.4%
1911 26,897+2.1%
1921 31,381+16.7%
1931 33,905+8.0%
1936 30,266−10.7%
1951 40,534+33.9%
1961 47,792+17.9%
1971 51,436+7.6%
1981 54,927+6.8%
1991 55,876+1.7%
2001 52,486−6.1%
2011 51,484−1.9%
2020 49,139−4.6%
2023
ISTAT[36][37]

According to the statistics conducted by

unemployment rate was 16.02% in 2019, before COVID-19 pandemic.[42]

Economy

Chieti is a culture and administration-oriented town, with the tourism being a consistent sector: it hosts the seat of the homonymous province, a tribunal, hospitals, sport venues and different hotels.

The

paper, building material, packaging, engineering industry, and metallurgy.[43][44]

According to Italian Revenue Agency, in the first semester 2022 the highest prices for a residential property with average features were recorded in Chieti Scalo (€ 880 - 1300 per square meter), followed by the old town (€ 830 - 1200). Always in Chieti Scalo were recorded the highest monthly rents (€ 4.2 - 6.3 per square meter).[45]

Education

Chieti has different state and private

Liceo "Isabella Gonzaga", Liceo scientifico "Filippo Masci", Istituto "Umberto Pomilio", Liceo classico "G.B. Vico" and Liceo artistico statale.[46]

The

University of Chieti (Università G. d'Annunzio – Chieti e Pescara) is based in Chieti and Pescara and hosts about 35,000 students, covering areas of Architecture, Arts and Philosophy
, Economics, Foreign Languages and Literatures, Management, Medicine, Pharmacy, Psychology, Sciences, Social Sciences and Sports Medicine.

Human resources and public safety

In Chieti the public healthcare system is under the administration of Azienda Sanitaria Locale Lanciano Vasto Chieti, which manages "Santissima Annunziata" polyclinic, Chieti's main hospital, with its emergency department.[47] In addition, there are other private clinics, police and Carabinieri stations, a prison, and a fire station.

Crime rate in 2012[48]
Crime category Reported crimes per 100,000 ab.
Robberies 29
Thefts 1851
Car thefts 111
Domestic burglaries 275
Murders 1
Rapes 8
Arsons 25

Culture

linguists a separate language, is still spoken in Chieti.[49]

Good Friday procession

Hooded men joining Good Friday procession

According to some historians,

Order of the Holy Sepulcher, and a choir and an orchestra performing Miserere by Saverio Selecchy (a local composer of the 18th century).[50][51][52][53][54]

Museums

Warrior of Capestrano in the Museo Archeologico Nazionale d'Abruzzo

Government

See also: List of mayors of Chieti

In the year 2021, the

euros.[61]

Transport

Public transport

The public transport bus service of Chieti is provided by companies Società Unica Abruzzese di Trasporto and La Panoramica, which manages also the Chieti trolleybus system.

Main roads

The territory between

Autostrada A25 (important for people traveling to Rome
).

In addition to these two

motorways
, there are other important road connections that allow to reach Chieti from the surrounding territory:

Railways and railway stations

Chieti Scalo is crossed by the

train stations, the Chieti railway station and the smaller Chieti–Madonna delle Piane railway station. A railway connecting the old town and Chieti Scalo was closed in 1943.[62]

Nearby ports and airports

Chieti is about 12 kilometers from the Abruzzo Airport and 17 kilometers from the Port of Pescara.[12][63]

Media

At Chieti there are the headquarters of Rete8 [it], a local television station focused on self-produced television shows.[64][65]

Chieti-born

birthplace as the setting and filming location of 1982 Sciopèn and 1988 Via Paradiso [it].[66] In addition, Chieti was used as a partial filming location for 2014 Ambo [it][67] and 2017 Omicidio all'italiana.[68]

Notable people

families
and individuals from Teate (present-day Chieti)

People born in Chieti

Actors

Athletes

Businesspeople

Explorers

Film directors

Fine arts

Musicians

  • conductor

Politicians

Religious figures

Scientists

Social scientists and humanities scholars

Writers

Other individuals

People who lived in Chieti

Fine arts

Humanities scholars

Notable bishops and archbishops of Chieti

International relations

Chieti has "frienship pacts" with:

The agreement was signed in 2011 in remembrance of the precursor of the now defunct 123rd Infantry Regiment "Chieti", whose men were among the first militaries to enter Trento on November 3, 1918 (at the end of World War I).[69]
On the basis of the cultural legacy of Chieti-born Jesuit missionary Alessandro Valignano, who disembarked at present-day Minamishimabara on July 25, 1579, the Japanese and Italian towns have started different kinds of cultural exchanges in 2011. They signed an offician "friendship pact" in 2016.[70][71]

Gallery

  • The Church of Saint Dominic
    The Church of Saint Dominic
  • Teatro Marrucino
    Teatro Marrucino
  • Roman thermae
    Roman thermae
  • Remains of a Roman amphitheater
    Remains of a Roman amphitheater
  • Via Tecta, an ancient Roman underground street
    Via Tecta, an ancient Roman underground street
  • A pediment of a temple in the Archaeological Museum La Civitella
    A pediment of a temple in the Archaeological Museum La Civitella
  • The National Archaeological Museum of Abruzzo surrounded by the urban park
    The National Archaeological Museum of Abruzzo surrounded by the urban park
  • Tribunal Palace
    Tribunal Palace

See also

References

  1. ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
  2. ^ "Abruzzo (Italy): Provinces, Major Cities & Communes - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Verlengia, Francesco (1950). Guida storico artistica di Chieti [Historical and artistic guide of Chieti] (in Italian). Chieti: C. Marchionne.
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-88-6344-228-1
    .
  5. ^ "Abruzzo o Abruzzi". Sapere.it (in Italian). De Agostini. Retrieved November 15, 2019. I giacimenti della valle Giumentina, delle Svolte di Popoli e di Madonna del Freddo rappresentano le fasi più antiche della preistoria dell'Abruzzo, con industrie a bifacciali riferite a fasi medio-arcaiche dell'Acheuleano e complessi su scheggia con caratteri clactoniani.
  6. ^ Bigi, Raffaele. "Storia" [History] (in Italian). Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  7. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Teate Marrucinorum" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 487.
  8. ^ a b "Cenni storici" [History] (in Italian). Comune of Chieti. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
  9. ^ Abruzzo entry (in Italian) by Andaloro and Righetti Tosti-Croce in the Enciclopedia italiana (1991)
  10. ^ An Extraordinary Italian Imprisonment: The Brutal Truth of Campo 21, 1942–3 by Brian Lett QC
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  12. ^ a b "Localizzazione di Chieti" [Location of Chieti] (in Italian). italapedia.it. Retrieved August 15, 2017.
  13. ^ "Notizie" [Facts] (in Italian). Retrieved 14 July 2021.
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  15. ^ a b Gasbarri, Camillo. "Description of Chieti cathedral" (in Italian). GUTE&BERG. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  16. ^ a b "Chiesa Cattedrale di San Giustino" [Cathedral Church of Saint Justin] (in Italian). Comune of Chieti. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  17. ^ "San Giustino di Chieti" [Saint Justin of Chieti] (in Italian). santiebeati.it. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  18. ^ Gasbarri, Camillo. "Description of the oratory" (in Italian). GUT&BERG. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  19. ^ "Chiesa di San Francesco d'Assisi" [Church of Saint Francis of Assisi] (in Italian). Comune of Chieti. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  20. ^ Gasbarri, Camillo. "Description of Church of Saint Francis" (in Italian). GUT&BERG. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  21. ^ Gasbarri, Camillo. "Description of Church of Saint Clare" (in Italian). GUTE&BERG. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 19 July 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  22. ^ "Cultura" [Culture] (in Italian). Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  23. ^ "Teate Marrucinorum". Abruzzo Region. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  24. ^ "Tempietti romani" [Roman temples] (PDF) (in Italian). Fondo Ambiente Italiano. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  25. ^ "Visitando il museo" (PDF) (in Italian). Archaeological museum La Civitella. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  26. ^ "Chieti" (in Italian). portaleabruzzo.com. Archived from the original on 9 October 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
  27. ^ Orsini, Errico. "Sotterrnaei di Chieti" [Subterranea of Chieti] (in Italian). Centro Appenninico Ricerche Sotterranee. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
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  30. ^ "Chieti Meteo". Retrieved 2010-08-11.
  31. ^ Mappa Italiasicura (Map) (in Italian). Italian government. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  32. ^ "Rischio sismico di Chieti" (in Italian). tuttitalia.it. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  33. Istat
    . Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  34. ^ Geoportale (Map) (in Italian). Abruzzo region. Retrieved January 21, 2020.
  35. ^ "Qualità dell'aria: in Abruzzo valori ampiamente nei limiti" [Air quality: in Abruzzo values well under limits] (in Italian). 27 January 2022. Retrieved 2 October 2022.
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External links

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Chieti".
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Chieti.
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