Chimes of Freedom (song)
"Chimes of Freedom" | |
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Tom Wilson | |
Audio sample | |
"Chimes of Freedom" is a song written and performed by
Initially, critics described the song as showing the influence of the
The song has been covered many times by different artists, including the Byrds, Jefferson Starship, Youssou N'Dour, Bruce Springsteen, and U2.
Bob Dylan's version
"Chimes of Freedom" was written shortly after the release of Dylan's
In his memoir, The Mayor of MacDougal Street, Dave Van Ronk gave his account of the song's origins:
Bob Dylan heard me fooling around with one of my grandmother's favorites, "The Chimes of Trinity", a sentimental ballad about Trinity Church, that went something like, Tolling for the outcast, tolling for the gay/Tolling for the [something something], long since passed away/As we whiled away the hours, down on old Broadway/And we listened to the chimes of Trinity. He made me sing it for him a few times until he had the gist of it, then reworked it into "Chimes of Freedom". Her version was better.[6]
The first public performance of the song took place in early 1964, either at the Civic Auditorium in Denver on February 15,[2] or at the Berkeley Community Theater in Berkeley, California, on February 22.[7][8][9] "Chimes of Freedom" was an important part of Dylan's live concert repertoire throughout most of 1964, although by the latter part of that year he had ceased performing it and would not perform the song again until 1987, when he revisited it for concerts with the Grateful Dead and with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers.[2][4]
The entire album Another Side of Bob Dylan was recorded in one long session on June 9, 1964, with Tom Wilson as producer.[2] During the recording session, Dylan needed seven takes to get "Chimes of Freedom" right, though it was one of just three songs that Dylan recorded that day which he had previously performed in concert.[2]
Lyrics
The lyrics of the song are written in six stanzas of seven verses each. Each of the stanzas shares the same one verse refrain "An' we gazed upon the chimes of freedom flashing". The symbolism of the lyrics makes repeat use of a dual metaphor of freedom represented by the chimes or tolling of a bell on the one hand, and the enlightenment associated with freedom represented by thunder and lightning.[10] The lyrics are located symbolically in the darkness after sunset (after "sundown") up until "midnight's" tolling of the chimes on the same evening.[11] The initial verses of the song describe a fierce and unforgiving storm giving way at the end of the song to a partial lifting of the mist. The narrative of the song's lyrics has been described as depicting the point of view of the underprivileged and indigent seeking freedom.[4]
Release
Despite the song's appeal to cover artists, it has appeared sparingly on Dylan's
A version sung by Dylan and Joan Osborne in 1999 appears on the original television soundtrack album of the film titled The 60's.[15] A recording of Dylan performing the song at the 1964 Newport Folk Festival was included on the 2005 album The Bootleg Series Vol. 7: No Direction Home: The Soundtrack. The same performance can also be seen on the 2007 DVD The Other Side of the Mirror: Live at Newport Folk Festival 1963-1965.[16] In 2009, Dylan continued to perform "Chimes of Freedom" in concert, although he did not play the song live during the 23 years between late 1964 and 1987.[2][17]
Chimes of Freedom: The Songs of Bob Dylan Honoring 50 Years of Amnesty International is a 4-CD charity compilation album featuring new recordings of 73 compositions by Bob Dylan by multiple artists, released on January 24, 2012.[18] The set includes Dylan's original 1964 recording of the title song.[19] Proceeds from the album were donated to the human rights organization Amnesty International.[20] It debuted in the U.S at number 11 on the Billboard 200 with 22,000 copies sold.[21]
Personnel
- Bob Dylan – vocals, acoustic guitar, harmonica
- Tom Wilson – production
Reception and critical comments
"Chimes of Freedom" has been widely discussed by Dylan's many interpreters, including biographers, journalists, academics and music historians.
Critic
As majestic bells of bolts struck shadows in the sounds,
Seeming to be the chimes of freedom flashing.[22]
Over the course of the song, the sky and mist begin to partially clear and the lyrics can be interpreted as a proclamation of the hope that as the sky clears in the progress of the difficult night, that all the world's people will endure their setbacks and eventually proclaim their successful survival to the sound of the chimes of freedom.[4]
In his 2003 book,
In addition to Rimbaud's symbolism, Oliver Hopkins has suggested that the song also shows the influence of the
Clinton Heylin has suggested the assassination of U.S. President, John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963 as a possible inspiration for Dylan's song,[2] although Dylan has denied that this is the case.[26] Dylan drafted a number of poems after Kennedy's death on November 22, 1963. Heylin suggests one of those poems, a six-line piece, seems to contain the genesis of "Chimes of Freedom":[2]
the colors of friday were dull/ as the cathedral bells were gently burnin'
strikin for the gentle/ strikin for the kind
strikin for the crippled ones/ and strikin for the blind.
Kennedy was killed on a Friday, and the cathedral bells in the poem have been interpreted as the church bells announcing his death.[2] Heylin suggests that using a storm as a metaphor for the death of a president is comparable to Shakespeare's use of a storm in King Lear.[2] By the time Dylan wrote the first draft of "Chimes of Freedom" the following February, it contained many of the elements of his poem from the end of Autumn after the death of the president, except that the crippled ones and the blind were changed to "guardians and protectors of the mind."[2] In addition, the cathedral bells had become the "chimes of freedom flashing", as seen by two lovers who are sheltering in a cathedral doorway.[2]
In his biography of Dylan, Bob Dylan in America, Sean Wilentz comments that shortly before Dylan met poet Allen Ginsberg, "Chimes of Freedom" started to come to form; later in 1964 and 1965, they would continue to influence each other. Wilentz states:
Dylan had already been experimenting with writing free verse, without intending that it would serve him as lyrics. Not long before he met Ginsberg, he poured out a poem about the day of Kennedy's murder... Pulled together, the lines would form part of what Dylan called the 'chain of flashing images' that soon went into 'Chimes of Freedom'—marking both Dylan's reconnection of those aesthetics and the transformation of those aesthetics into song. And in 1964 and 1965, Ginsberg and Dylan influenced each other as both of them recast their public images and their art.
Wilentz points out that Dylan's 1964 album Another Side of Bob Dylan, which included "Chimes", did not crack the Top 40 list; whereas The Times They Are A Changin, released earlier in 1964, reached number 20 on the album chart.[27]
In Bob Dylan: Prophet, Mystic, Poet, Seth Rogovy called the song Dylan's "supreme poetic achievement." Rogovy described the song's "simple" scene:
[…] a couple takes refuge in a doorway of a church during a thurderstorm. Period. But never has a storm been so dynamically, so electrically, described. In six eight-line stanzas, Dylan paints a hallucinatory vision, a sensual display of lightning piercing darkness, revealing an unjust world and a world of redemption. Wrapped up in the song is all that has come before: the civil right symbolism of Blowin' in the Wind, the apolcalyptic surrealism of A Hard Rain's a- Gonna Fall, the tolling of a new day in The Times They Are a- Changin'.
Rogovy suggests an answer to one of the main questions asked in Dylan's lyrics by stating: "...The answer was blowin' in the wind out in the night in question; the answer is in poetry; the answer, my friend, is in a transcendent vision of universal freedom and justice for all".[28]
In his 2012 book The Lives of Bob Dylan, Ian Bell follows Heylin in speculating that the genesis of "Chimes of Freedom" might lie in the verses Dylan wrote at the time of the Kennedy assassination, which contain the line "as cathedral bells were gently burnin".[29] Bell also notes that the song echoes the imagery of "The Drunken Boat /Le Bateau ivre" by Arthur Rimbaud: "I know skies split by lightning, waterspouts/ And undertows, and tides: I know the night/ And dawn exulting like a crowd of doves".
Bell asserts that "Chimes" was "certainly something new, but also something flawed".[30] He describes the song as both thrilling and "loosely and horribly overwritten". Bell suggests the theme of the song is that liberty took many forms, personal and political, civic and artistic, spiritual and physical. The significance of "Chimes" for Bell is that, although the song is too over-wrought and self-conscious to be a total success, it showed Dylan demolishing the barrier between poetry and song:
Anyone reading "Chimes" on the tyrannical page might pause before calling it a poem. Anyone listening would hesitate to call it just a song in the manner of "She Loves You" or anything written for the mass market in the 20th century . If it wasn't poetry, what was Dylan doing?[31]
In In Search of the Real Bob Dylan,
Cover versions
The Byrds' version
"Chimes of Freedom" | |
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Song by the Byrds | |
from the album Mr. Tambourine Man | |
Released | June 21, 1965 |
Recorded | April 22, 1965 |
Studio | Columbia, Hollywood, California |
Genre | Folk rock |
Length | 3:51 |
Label | Columbia |
Songwriter(s) | Bob Dylan |
Producer(s) | Terry Melcher |
Audio sample | |
"Chimes of Freedom" |
The Byrds released a version of "Chimes of Freedom" on their 1965 debut album, Mr. Tambourine Man.[34] The song was the last track to be recorded for the album, but the recording session was marred by conflict.[35] After the band had completed the song's instrumental backing track, guitarist and harmony vocalist David Crosby announced that he was not going to sing on the recording and was quitting the studio for the day.[36] The reason for Crosby's refusal to sing the song has never been fully explained, but the fight between the guitarist and the band's manager, record producer Jim Dickson, ended with Dickson sitting on Crosby's chest, telling him, "The only way you're going to get through that door is over my dead body...You're going to stay in this room until you do the vocal."[37] According to a number of people in the studio that day, Crosby burst into tears, but finally completed the song's harmony part with sterling results.[36] Dickson himself noted in later years that his altercation with Crosby was a cathartic moment in which the singer "got it all out and sang like an angel."[37]
The song went on to become a staple of the Byrds'
The song was also performed by a reformed line-up of the Byrds featuring Roger McGuinn, David Crosby, and Chris Hillman in January 1989.[39] In addition to its appearance on Mr. Tambourine Man, "Chimes of Freedom" has appeared on several Byrds' compilation albums, including The Byrds' Greatest Hits, The Byrds Play Dylan, The Very Best of The Byrds, and The Essential Byrds.[41]
Other covers
"Chimes of Freedom" has also been covered by artists as diverse as
On 19 July 1988, Bruce Springsteen and the E-Street Band played the song live when performing a concert in East Berlin. Among the audience, many interpreted the song lyrics as wishing for the fall of the GDR.[48][49]
The
"Chimes of Freedom" is one of seven Dylan songs whose lyrics were reset as a modern classical music arrangement for soprano and piano (or orchestra) by John Corigliano for his song cycle Mr. Tambourine Man: Seven Poems of Bob Dylan.[55]
Charts
Year | Chart | Peak position |
---|---|---|
1964 | US Billboard 200 | 43[56] |
UK Top 75[57]
|
8 |
See also
References
Footnotes
- ISBN 1-85480-044-2.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-55652-843-9.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-84353-718-2.
- ^ ISBN 0-8230-7974-0.
- ISBN 978-0-7432-2828-2.
- ^ Van Ronk, Dave. (2006) The Mayor of MacDougal Street: a Memoir. Da Capo Press, p.4.
- ^ "Still On The Road: Berkeley Community Theatre, 22 February 1964". Bjorner. January 7, 2019. Retrieved February 13, 2020.
- ISBN 0-670-83602-8.
- ^ "Bob Dylan Berkeley Community Theater concert poster". Vintage Concert Posters. Retrieved 2009-10-15.
- ^ ISBN 1-85480-044-2.
- ^ Lyrics of Dylan's Chimes of Freedom. [1].
- ISBN 0-7119-4868-2.
- ^ "Chimes of Freedom". Biographia Britannica. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
- ^ "Chimes Of Freedom (Bill Clinton Inauguration Concert )". YouTube. January 16, 1993. Retrieved August 1, 2021.
- allmusic. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- allmusic. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
- ^ "Stockholm, Sweden Globen March 23, 2009". Bob Links. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
- ^ Wilson, Greg (October 27, 2011). "Miley Cyrus to Cover Bob Dylan on New Album". NBC. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
- AllMusic
- ^ "Miley Cyrus, Ke$ha, Adele cover Bob Dylan for charity tribute album | News". Nme.Com. 2011-10-27. Retrieved 2013-08-25.
- ^ Chimes of Freedom Debuts at #11 on Billboard! Amnesty International. Retrieved February 2, 2011.
- ISBN 0-586-08647-1.
- ISBN 1-85480-044-2
- ^ ISBN 1-56025-185-9.
- ISBN 978-0-8256-3470-3.
- ^ "16 Inspiring Songs That Honor JFK". rollingstone,com. November 19, 2013. Retrieved July 29, 2018.
- ^ Bob Dylan in America, Sean Wilentz. Pages 69 and 77.
- ^ Rogovy, Seth (2009). Bob Dylan: Prophet, Mystic, Poet p. 69.
- ^ Ian Bell (2012). The Lives of Bob Dylan, page 327.
- ^ Ian Bell (2012). The Lives of Bob Dylan, page 329.
- ^ Ian Bell (2012). The Lives of Bob Dylan, page 324
- ^ In Search of the Real Bob Dylan by David Dalton. Hyperion Press, 2012. Pages 71, 78-79.
- ^ In Search of the Real Bob Dylan by David Dalton. Hyperion Press, 2012. Pages 78-79.
- ISBN 0-9529540-1-X.
- ISBN 978-1-906002-15-2.
- ^ ISBN 0-9529540-1-X.
- ^ a b Rogan, J. (1996). Mr. Tambourine Man (1996 CD liner notes).
- ISBN 0-9529540-1-X.
- ^ ISBN 0-9529540-1-X.
- Allmovie. Retrieved 2010-01-19.[dead link]
- allmusic. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- allmusic. Archived from the originalon August 8, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
- ^ "The U2 Setlist Archive". Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ^ "Bruce Springsteen Charts and Awards". allmusic. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
- ^ ISBN 0-7119-5304-X.
- ISBN 1-56025-101-8.
- allmusic. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ^ Stephen Evans (21 October 2014). "How Bruce Springsteen rocked the Berlin Wall". BBC. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- ^ Kate Connolly (5 July 2013). "The night Bruce Springsteen played East Berlin and the wall cracked". Guardian. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
- allmusic. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
- ^ Schneider, J. (May 2008). "Billy Bragg timeline". Exclaim. Archived from the original on 2008-05-17. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
- allmusic. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
- ^ Neil Young's harsh words, Chris Lee, latimes.com, April 21, 2006
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "All Their Best..." allmusic. Retrieved 2010-11-08.
- ^ Mr. Tambourine Man: Seven Poems of Bob Dylan at schirmer.com
- ^ "Bob Dylan - Chart history". www.billboard.com. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
- ^ "Official UK Charts". officialcharts. Retrieved June 27, 2017.
Bibliography
- Bauldie, John, ed. (1992). Wanted Man: In Search of Bob Dylan. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-015361-6.
- Cott, Jonathan, ed. (2006). Dylan on Dylan: The Essential Interviews. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-92312-1.
- Creswell, Toby (2006). 1001 Songs: The Great Songs of All Time and the Artists, Stories and Secrets Behind Them. Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 1-56025-915-9.
- Gill, Andy (1998). Classic Bob Dylan 1962–69: My Back Pages. Carlton. ISBN 3-283-00358-0.
- Gilliland, John (1969). "Ballad in Plain D: An introduction to the Bob Dylan era" (audio). Pop Chronicles. University of North Texas Libraries.
- Gray, Michael (2006). ISBN 0-8264-6933-7.
- Heylin, Clinton (2003). Bob Dylan: Behind the Shades Revisited. Harper Collins. ISBN 0-06-052569-X. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
- Heylin, Clinton (2009). Revolution in the Air: The Songs of Bob Dylan, 1957–1973. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-55652-843-9.
- Irwin, Colin (2008). Bob Dylan Highway 61 Revisited. Flame Tree Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8230-8398-5.
- Bob Dylan and the Band (2012). Down in the Flood ("Driving the Band – Mickey Jones & Tour '66" DVD bonus feature). New Malden, UK: Chrome Dreams.
- Krogsgaard, Michael (1991). Positively Bob Dylan. Popular Culture, Ink. ISBN 1-56075-000-6.
- Marcus, Greil (2005-05-13). "How does it feel?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2015-05-27. Retrieved 2015-06-16.
- Marcus, Greil (2005). Like a Rolling Stone: Bob Dylan at the Crossroads. PublicAffairs. ISBN 1-58648-382-X.
greil marcus like a rolling stone.
- Marqusee, Mike (2003). ISBN 1-56584-825-X.
- McGregor, Craig (1972). Bob Dylan: A Retrospective. William Morrow & Co. ISBN 0-688-06025-0.
- Polizzotti, Mark (2006). Highway 61 Revisited. ISBN 0-8264-1775-2.
- Shelton, Robert (1986). No Direction Home: The Life and Music of Bob Dylan. Ballantine. ISBN 0-345-34721-8. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
- Sounes, Howard (2001). Down the Highway, The Life of Bob Dylan. Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-1686-8. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
- Stein, Jean (1992). Edie: An American Biography. Pimlico Books. ISBN 0-7126-5252-3.
- Trager, Oliver (2004). Keys to the Rain: The Definitive Bob Dylan Encyclopedia. Billboard Books. ISBN 0-8230-7974-0.
- Warhol, Andy (1980). POPism: The Warhol '60s. Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-091062-3.
- ISBN 0-88733-131-9.
- Williamson, Nigel (2006). Bob Dylan: The Rough Guide (2nd ed.). Rough Guides. ISBN 1-84353-718-4.
External links