Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
Qing empire expedition to Tibet (1720) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of Dzungar–Qing War | |||||||
"General of settle the distant" enter Lhasa during the expedition. | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
Qing Empire Polhanas (ally of Qing) Kangchennas (ally of Qing) | Dzungar Khanate | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Kangxi Emperor Yue Zhongqi[1] (descendant of Yue Fei) Polhané Sönam Topgyé Khangchenné | Tagtsepa | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
Eight Banners Green Standard Army |
Dzungar–Qing War | ||||||
The 1720 Chinese expedition to Tibet (Chinese: 驅準保藏; lit. 'Expel the Dzungars to preserve Tibet'[2]) or the Chinese conquest of Tibet in 1720[3] was a military expedition sent by the Qing dynasty to expel the invading forces of the Dzungar Khanate from Tibet and establish Qing rule over the region, which lasted until the empire's fall in 1912.
History
The
At multiple places such as Lhasa, Batang, Dartsendo, Lhari, Chamdo, and Litang, Green Standard troops were garrisoned throughout the Dzungar war.[11] Green Standard Army troops and Manchu Bannermen were both part of the Qing force who fought in Tibet in the war against the Dzungars.[12] It was said that the Sichuan commander Yue Zhongqi (a descendant of Yue Fei) entered Lhasa first when the 2,000 Green Standard soldiers and 1,000 Manchu soldiers of the "Sichuan route" seized Lhasa.[13] According to Mark C. Elliott, after 1728 the Qing used Green Standard Army troops to man the garrison in Lhasa rather than Bannermen.[14] According to Evelyn S. Rawski both Green Standard Army and Bannermen made up the Qing garrison in Tibet.[15] According to Sabine Dabringhaus, Green Standard Chinese soldiers numbering more than 1,300 were stationed by the Qing in Tibet to support the 3,000 strong Tibetan army.[16]
See also
- Tibet under Qing rule
- Qing empire in Inner Asia
- Dzungar–Qing War
- Mongol conquest of Tibet
- Battle of the Salween River
- Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
- British expedition to Tibet
References
- ISBN 978-0-295-98952-5.
- ^ 孔令偉. "西藏為何重要?──從清朝對西藏、喜馬拉雅與印度的情報蒐集談起" (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 中研院歷史語言研究所.
- ^ China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia, by Peter C Perdue, p623
- ^ René Grousset, The empire of the Steppes, New Brunswick 1970, p. 522
- ^ Mullin 2001, p. 288
- ^ Mullin 2001, p. 290
- ISBN 978-0-8133-3280-2p. 125
- ^ A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East, by Spencer C. Tucker, p726
- ^ A time-line of Tibet
- ^ China's Tibet Policy, by Dawa Norbu, p76
- ISBN 978-0-7391-6810-3.
- ISBN 978-0-295-98952-5.
- ISBN 978-0-295-98952-5.
- ISBN 978-0-8047-4684-7.
- ISBN 978-0-520-92679-0.
- ISBN 978-90-04-27209-5.