Chiprovtsi uprising

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Chiprovtsi Uprising
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Roman Catholic bishop and diplomat Petar Parchevich
, a key figure in the uprising's early organization

The Chiprovtsi uprising (

Eastern Orthodox Christians. It broke out after the capture of Belgrade by Austria on 6 September 1688 and ended unsuccessfully, with the centre of insurrectionary activity, Chiprovtsi
, being completely destroyed by Ottoman forces.

Background

Chiprovtsi under Ottoman rule

After the conquest of Bulgaria the

Peyachevich, Parchevich, Cherkich, Markanich and Knezhevich.[1]

During the next century Chiprovtsi was a has (a permanent possession) of the sultan's family and later a valide hanım (estate of the sultan's mother). The rights of the Christian self-government possibly inherited from the Second Bulgarian Empire and adapted to the Ottoman military feudal system were significantly curtailed in the 16th and 17th century.[2] Around the middle of the 17th century, the idea of Catholicism being used as a way to restore the Bulgarian state with the aid of the Catholic Western Europe, began emerging in the circle of the pro-Western Chiprovtsi nobility.

Organization

Additional factors for the uprising were the events in the middle of the 17th century, in particular the blow that the mighty Ottoman Empire received as the defeat at Vienna in 1683.[3] The introduction of heavy taxes intended secure the costly yet ineffective European campaigns of the empire and the deprivation of the Bulgarian Catholics of some of their rights played an important role in the setup of the uprising. Petar Parchevich, a highly educated Bulgarian Catholic cleric and diplomat, carried out a large-scale diplomatic campaign among the Christian rulers of Central Europe between 1630 and 1645. Together with Petar Bogdan and Franchesko Soymirovich, they visited Austrian monarch Ferdinand II, the king of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Sigismund III Vasa, and his heir, Władysław IV Vasa as well as Wallachian voivode, Matei Basarab. Around 1647 the Ottomans withdrew almost entirely from northwestern Bulgaria in relation to their war with Venice for Crete. Matei Basarab sent messengers to promise a 20,000-strong army to support the uprising. In the decisive moment, however, Władysław IV died on 20 May 1648 and the uprising was called off.

After the campaign's failure, Parchevich went to

Innocent X and also visited Germany, Hungary, Transylvania
and Wallachia after 1651. The unsuccess of these missions, as well as Austria and Poland's reluctance to head an anti-Ottoman coalition again frustrated the uprising's outbreak at this time.

A war between Poland and the Ottoman Empire began in 1671 that activated Bogdan and Parchevich's work. A coalition against the Ottomans did not form again, with Parchevich dying in Rome on 23 July 1674 and Bogdan following in September of the same year.

Polish king

Jan III Sobieski delivered a great blow to the Ottoman forces at Vienna on 12 September 1683, never again allowing them to return beyond that point. Austria and Poland concluded a union against the Ottomans in the spring of 1684 with Venice joining later. Russia also decided to become part of the coalition in 1686. The union this time sought the help of Bulgarian Catholics alone. It was noted by Bulgarian Bishop that over 500 Albanian Catholics in the region were involved in the Uprising against the Turks as well. The residents of Chiprovtsi and the neighbouring villages decided that the appropriate moment had come when the Austrian army took Belgrade on 6 September 1688.[3]

Military activity

Chiprovtsi Uprising, Second Tarnovo Uprising and Karposh's Uprising.

The Chiprovtsi Uprising's progress and organizations are not well documented. Insurrectionary units under

Kutlovitsa, where the insurrectionary forces were defeated by Ottoman troops and their Magyar allies. Although fighting went on, the uprising was quickly suppressed, with Chiprovtsi being captured on 18 October after a heroic defence and was completely destroyed together with the neighbouring villages of Kopilovtsi, Zhelezna and Klisura.[3] Almost the entire population was killed or taken into slavery. The resistance continued in the following months as the remains of the insurrectionary force became bands of hajduks. Meanwhile, the Austrian troops beyond the Balkan Mountains did nothing and only captured Vidin in the autumn of 1689.[2]

Consequences

The uprising and its suppression caused a great wave of emigration from northwestern Bulgaria, mostly to the Christian-dominated areas to the west and north. The main wave of refugees settled around the

Paulicians from around Nikopol and Svishtov that came in the end of the 17th century.[1][5]

The Chiprovtsi Uprising put an end to northwestern Bulgaria's status as a buffer zone between the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg territories, with Catholic influence largely ceasing. The privileges of Bulgarian nobility and its authority in the region were eliminated and Chiprovtsi's importance as a cultural and economic centre considerably decreased.

References

  1. ^ a b c Lavrov, Aleksander. "Чипровското въстание 1688 г." FALMIS - дружество на банатските българи в България (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 2022-07-15.
  2. ^
    OCLC 344037110
    .
  3. ^ a b c "Литературен свят » История брой 42 юли 2012 » ГЕОРГИ ПЕЯЧЕВИЧ – ЕДИН НЕДООЦЕНЕН НАЦИОНАЛЕН ГЕРОЙ" (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 2022-07-15.
  4. ^ Владимиров, Иво (2017-10-15). "Чипровското въстание – неуспешният бунт на българските католици". Българска история (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 2022-07-15.
  5. OCLC 48621512
    .
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