Chirostenotes
Chirostenotes | |
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Skeletal diagram showing known elements | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Clade: | Dinosauria |
Clade: | Saurischia |
Clade: | Theropoda |
Family: | †Caenagnathidae |
Genus: | †Chirostenotes Gilmore, 1924 |
Type species | |
Chirostenotes pergracilis Gilmore, 1924
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Synonyms | |
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Chirostenotes (
History of discovery
Chirostenotes has a confusing history of discovery and naming. The first fossils of Chirostenotes, a pair of hands, were in 1914 found by
Chirostenotes was but the first name assigned. Feet were then found, specimen CMN 8538, and in 1932
Slowly the precise relationship between the finds became clear. In 1960
In 1988, a specimen from storage since 1923 was discovered and studied by Philip J. Currie and Dale Russell. This fossil helped link the other discoveries into a single dinosaur. Since the first name applied to any of these remains was Chirostenotes, this were the only name that was recognized as valid.[8]
Currie and Russell also addressed the complicating issue of a possible second form being present in the material. In 1933
Several larger skeletons from the early
In 2007 a
Description
Chirostenotes was characterized by long arms ending in slender relatively straight claws, and long powerful legs with slender toes. In 2016 Paul estimated its length at 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) and its weight at 100 kg (220 lbs).[18]
Classification
The cladogram below follows an analysis by Funston & Currie in 2016, which found Elmisaurus within Caenagnathidae.[19]
Caenagnathidae |
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Paleobiology
Chirostenotes was probably an
In 2005 Phil Senter and J. Michael Parrish published a study on the hand function of Chirostenotes and found that its elongated second finger with its unusually straight claw may have been an adaptation to crevice probing. They suggested that Chirostenotes may have fed on soft-bodied prey that could be impaled by the second claw, such as grubs, as well as unarmored amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.[21] However, if Chirostenotes possessed the large primary feathers on its second finger that have been found in other oviraptorosaurs such as Caudipteryx, it would not have been able to engage in such behavior.[22]
Paleopathology
In 2001,
See also
References
- ^ a b Gilmore, C.W. (1924). "A new coelurid dinosaur from the Belly River Cretaceous of Alberta". Canada Department of Mines Geological Survey Bulletin (Geological Series). 38 (43): 1–12.
- ISBN 0-521-36672-0.
- ^ Sternberg, C.M. (1932). "Two new theropod dinosaurs from the Belly River Formation of Alberta". Canadian Field-Naturalist. 46 (5): 99–105.
- ^ Sternberg, R.M. (1940). "A toothless bird from the Cretaceous of Alberta". Journal of Paleontology. 14 (1): 81–85.
- ^ Wetmore, A. 1960. A classification for the birds of the world. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 139 (11): 1–37
- ^ E.H. Colbert and D.A. Russell, 1969, "The small Cretaceous dinosaur Dromaeosaurus", Amer. Mus. Novit., No. 2380, pp. 1-49
- S2CID 4180155.
- doi:10.1139/e88-097.
- ^ Parks, W.A. (1933). "New species of dinosaurs and turtles from the Upper Cretaceous formations of Alberta". University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series. 34: 1–33.
- doi:10.1139/e89-111.
- .
- S2CID 128444961.
- ^ Robert M. Sullivan, Steven E. Jasinski and Mark P.A. Van Tomme (2011). "A new caenagnathid Ojoraptorsaurus boerei, n. gen., n. sp. (Dinosauria, Oviraptorosauria), from the Upper Ojo Alamo Formation (Naashoibito Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico" (PDF). Fossil Record 3. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 53: 418–428.
- ^ PMID 24647078.
- S2CID 83726237.
- .
- ISSN 0891-2963.
- ^ Paul, Gregory S. (2016). The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs 2nd Edition. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 176.
- S2CID 131090028.
- ISSN 0008-4077.
- ^ Senter, P.; Parrish, J.M. (2005). "Functional analysis of the hands of the theropod dinosaur Chirostenotes pergracilis: evidence for an unusual paleoecological role". PaleoBios. 25: 9–19.
- ^ Naish, D. (2007). Feathers and Filaments of Dinosaurs, Part II Archived 2010-06-13 at the Wayback Machine Tetrapod Zoology, April 23, 2011.
- ^ Rothschild, B., Tanke, D. H., and Ford, T. L., 2001, Theropod stress fractures and tendon avulsions as a clue to activity: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, p. 331-336.