Chlorine pentafluoride
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Identifiers | |||
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3D model (
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ChemSpider | |||
ECHA InfoCard
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100.033.734 | ||
PubChem CID
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RTECS number
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UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |||
ClF5 | |||
Molar mass | 130.445 g mol−1 | ||
Appearance | colorless gas | ||
Density | 4.5 kg/m3 (g/L) | ||
Melting point | −103 °C (−153 °F; 170 K) | ||
Boiling point | −13.1 °C (8.4 °F; 260.0 K) | ||
Hydrolyzes | |||
Structure | |||
Square pyramidal | |||
Thermochemistry | |||
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
310.73 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
Std enthalpy of (ΔfH⦵298)formation |
−238.49 kJ mol−1 | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chlorine pentafluoride is an
Preparation
Some of the earliest research on the preparation was classified.
- ClF3 + F2 → ClF5
- ClF + 2F2 → ClF5
- Cl2 + 5F2 → 2ClF5
- CsClF4 + F2 → CsF + ClF5
NiF2 catalyzes this reaction.[6]
Certain metal fluorides, MClF4 (i.e. KClF4, RbClF4, CsClF4), react with F2 to produce ClF5 and the corresponding alkali metal fluoride.[5]
Reactions
In a highly exothermic reaction, ClF5 reacts with water to produce chloryl fluoride and hydrogen fluoride:[7]
- ClF
5 + 2 H
2O → ClO
2F + 4 HF
It is also a strong fluorinating agent. At room temperature it reacts readily with all elements (including otherwise "inert" elements like
Uses
Rocket propellant
Chlorine pentafluoride was once considered for use as an oxidizer for rockets. As a propellant, it has a higher maximum specific impulse than ClF3, but with the same difficulties in handling.[4] Due to the hazardous nature of chlorine pentafluoride, it has yet to be used in a large scale rocket propulsion system.
See also
References
- ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ^ .
- S2CID 39767609.
- ^ ISBN 0-8135-0725-1.
- ^ S2CID 39767609.
- .
- ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.