Chlorine pentafluoride

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Chlorine pentafluoride
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard
100.033.734 Edit this at Wikidata
RTECS number
  • FO2975000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/ClF5/c2-1(3,4,5)6 ☒N
    Key: KNSWNNXPAWSACI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ☒N
  • FCl(F)(F)(F)F
Properties
ClF5
Molar mass 130.445 g mol−1
Appearance colorless gas
Density 4.5 kg/m3 (g/L)
Melting point −103 °C (−153 °F; 170 K)
Boiling point −13.1 °C (8.4 °F; 260.0 K)
Hydrolyzes
Structure
Square pyramidal
Thermochemistry
310.73 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of
formation
fH298)
−238.49 kJ mol−1
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Chlorine pentafluoride is an

high-resolution 19F NMR spectrum.[2] It was first synthesized in 1963.[3]

Preparation

Some of the earliest research on the preparation was classified.

fluorination of chlorine trifluoride at high temperatures and high pressures:[4]

ClF3 + F2 → ClF5
ClF + 2F2 → ClF5
Cl2 + 5F2 → 2ClF5
CsClF4 + F2 → CsF + ClF5

NiF2 catalyzes this reaction.[6]

Certain metal fluorides, MClF4 (i.e. KClF4, RbClF4, CsClF4), react with F2 to produce ClF5 and the corresponding alkali metal fluoride.[5]

Reactions

In a highly exothermic reaction, ClF5 reacts with water to produce chloryl fluoride and hydrogen fluoride:[7]

ClF
5
+ 2 H
2
O
ClO
2
F
+ 4 HF

It is also a strong fluorinating agent. At room temperature it reacts readily with all elements (including otherwise "inert" elements like

noble gases, nitrogen, oxygen and fluorine.[2]

Uses

Rocket propellant

Chlorine pentafluoride was once considered for use as an oxidizer for rockets. As a propellant, it has a higher maximum specific impulse than ClF3, but with the same difficulties in handling.[4] Due to the hazardous nature of chlorine pentafluoride, it has yet to be used in a large scale rocket propulsion system.

See also

References

External links