Chondroblast
Chondroblast | |
---|---|
Details | |
Identifiers | |
Latin | chondroblastus |
TH | H2.00.03.5.00002 |
FMA | 66783 |
Anatomical terms of microanatomy |
Chondroblasts, or
These cells are extremely important in
Structure
Within adults and developing adults, most chondroblasts are located in the perichondrium. This is a thin layer of connective tissue which protects cartilage and is where chondroblasts help to expand cartilage size whenever prompted to by
Matrix formation and composition
The extracellular matrix secreted by chondroblasts is composed of
Collagen Type II fibers are responsible for giving the future cartilage matrix its
Proteoglycans resist the compression generally put upon cartilage and generate the swelling
Development
As suggested in the name, mesenchymal progenitors originate from the
Signaling, transcription and environmental factors responsible for chondroblast creation
Transcription factors
An important genetic component of this process is Sox9, a HMG box transcription factor, which marks progenitor cells for chondrogenic differentiation. Inactivation of the Sox9 gene will result in the loss of all Cartilage, and thus Chondroblast, formation. This factor is also expressed alongside Sox5 and Sox6.[1]
Runx2 is another important genetic component of Chondroblast formation. It has been found that expressing this gene will result in the suppression of the differentiation of chondroblasts. Expression of this gene will also prompt already formed cartilage to undergo endochondral ossification which will prompt the cartilage to form bone.[citation needed]
It is important to note here that these
Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Wnt14 is controlled by Col2a1 and is put through the β-Catenin mediated
Testing of this pathway has indicated that the Wnt/β-Catenin increases
Retinoic acid
Retinoic acid, part of a family of molecules called
Environmental factors
Differentiation of chondroblasts is favored in an environment with high compressive
Function
Chondroblasts appear to migrate to cartilage whenever chondrocytes are destroyed via mechanical force. Remaining chondrocytes divide in order to form more chondroblasts. HMGB-1, a growth factor which promotes chondrocyte division while receptors for advanced glycation products (RAGE) mediated chemotaxis to clean up cell debris resulting from the damage. Chondroblasts then secrete cartilage matrix around themselves in order to reform the lost cartilage tissue.[citation needed]
However, regeneration is still too slow for patient care to effectively rely on this mechanism of repair. Part of this inability to regenerate quickly from injury results from the relative
Pathology
Chondrosarcoma is a more
See also
References
- ^ S2CID 25710553.
- ISBN 978-0-12-319501-2. Retrieved 2014-10-22.
- ^ PMID 15636773.
- ^ King, M.W. (2014-02-10). "Glycosaminoglycans". Retrieved 2014-10-22.[unreliable medical source?]
- PMID 23206696.
- PMID 10102814.
- PMID 15866164.
- ^ S2CID 44703653.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Aufderheide, A.C.; Rodríguez-Martín, C.; Langsjoen, O. (2011). "Chondrosarcoma". The Cambridge encyclopedia of human paleopathology. Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ "Epidemiology of Bone Cancer: An Overview".