Chongqing
Chongqing
重庆 Chungking, Ch'ung-ch'ing | |
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Liziba Station | |
11th) – high | |
Website |
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Symbols | |
Flower | Camellia japonica[7] |
Tree | Ficus lacor[8] |
Chongqing | |
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Tâi-lô | Tiông-khìng |
Chongqing[a] is a municipality in Southwestern China. Chongqing is one of the four direct-administered municipalities under the Central People's Government, along with Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin. It is the only directly administrated municipality located deep inland.[14] The municipality covers a large geographical area roughly the size of Austria, which includes several disjunct urban areas in addition to Chongqing proper. Due to its classification, the municipality of Chongqing is the largest city proper in the world by area, though it does not have the largest urban area.
The municipality of Chongqing is the only Chinese municipality with a permanent population of over 30 million; however, this number includes its large rural population.
As one of China's
History
Antiquity
Chongqing's location is historically associated with the State of Ba. Its capital was first called Jiangzhou (江州).[29]
Imperial era
Jiangzhou subsequently remained under Qin Shi Huang's rule during the Qin dynasty, the successor of the Qin State, as well as the rule of Han dynasty emperors. Jiangzhou was subsequently renamed during the
In 1362 (during the
In 1890, the British Consulate General was opened in Chongqing.[34] The following year, the city became the first inland commerce port open to foreigners, with the proviso that foreign ships should not be at liberty to trade there until Chinese-owned steamers had succeeded in ascending the river. This restriction was abolished by the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895, which declared the city open on the same terms as other ports, although it was not until 1907 that a steamship made the journey without the help of manual haulers.[35] From 1896 to 1904, the American, German, French, and Japanese consulates were opened in Chongqing.[36][37][38][39]
Provisional wartime capital of the Republic of China
During and after the Second Sino-Japanese War, from Nov 1937 to May 1946, it was Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's provisional capital. After the General and remaining army had lived there for a time following their retreat in 1938 from the previous capital of Wuhan, it was formally declared the second capital city (陪都; péidū; p'ei2-tu1) on 6 September 1940.[40] After Britain, the United States, and other Allies entered the war in Asia in December 1941, one of the Allies' deputy commanders of operations in South East Asia (South East Asia Command SEAC), Joseph Stilwell, was based in the city. This made it a city of world importance in the fight against Axis powers, together with London, Moscow and Washington, D.C.[41]
The city was also visited by Lord Louis Mountbatten, the Supreme Commander of SEAC which was itself headquartered in Ceylon, modern day Sri Lanka. Chiang Kai Shek as Supreme Commander in China worked closely with Stilwell.[42] From 1938 to 1943, the city suffered from continuous massive bombing campaigns of the Imperial Japanese Navy and Army Air Forces; battles of which were fought entirely by the Chinese Air Force squadrons and anti-aircraft artillery units.[43][44] Many lives were saved by the air-raid shelters which took advantage of the mountainous terrain. Chongqing was acclaimed to be the "City of Heroes" due to the indomitable spirits of its people as well as their contributions and sacrifices during the War of Resistance-World War II. Many factories and universities were relocated from eastern China and ultimately to Chongqing during years of setbacks in the war, transforming this city from inland port to a heavily industrialized city. In late November 1949, the Nationalist KMT government retreated from the city.[45]
Municipality status
On 14 March 1997, the Eighth
On 8 February 2010, Chongqing became one of the four
Geography
Physical geography and topography
Chongqing is situated at the transitional area between the
Chongqing covers a large area crisscrossed by rivers and mountains. The
Leaving at dawn the White Emperor crowned with cloud,
I've sailed a thousand li through canyons in a day.
With the monkeys' adieus the riverbanks are loud,
My skiff has left ten thousand mountains far away.
The central urban area of Chongqing, or Chongqing proper, is a city of unique features. Built on mountains and partially surrounded by the Yangtze and Jialing rivers, it is known as a "mountain city" and a "city on rivers".
Specifically, the central urban area is located on a huge folding area.
Zhongliang Mountains (中梁山) and Tongluo Mountains (铜锣山) roughly forms the eastern and western boundaries of Chongqing's urban area. The highest point in downtown is the top of Eling Hill, which is a smaller syncline hill that separates the Yangtze River and Jialing River. The elevation of Eling Hill is 379 m (1,243 ft). The lowest point is Chaotian Gate, where the two rivers merge with each other. The altitude there is 160 m (520 ft). The average height of the area is 259 m (850 ft). However, there are several high mountains outside central Chongqing, such as the Wugong Ling Mountain, with the altitude of 1,709.4 m (5,608 ft), in Jiangjin.
Climate
Chongqing has a monsoonal humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa), bordering on a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) and for most of the year experiences very high relative humidity, with all months above 75%. Known as one of the "Three Furnaces" of the Yangtze River, along with Wuhan and Nanjing, its summers are long and among the hottest and most humid in China, with highs of 34 °C (93 °F) in July and August in the urban area.[58] Winters are short and somewhat mild, but damp and overcast. The city's location in the Sichuan Basin causes it to have one of the lowest annual sunshine totals nationally, at only 983 hours, lower than much of Northern Europe; the monthly percent possible sunshine in the city proper ranges from a mere 5% in January to 43% in August. Extremes since 1951 have ranged from −1.8 °C (29 °F) on 15 December 1975 (unofficial record of −2.5 °C (27 °F) was set on 8 February 1943) to 43.7 °C (111 °F) on 18 and 19 August 2022[59] (unofficial record of 44.0 °C (111 °F) was set on 8 and 9 August 1933).[60]
Chongqing, with over 100 days of fog per year,[61] is known as the "Fog City" (雾都); this is because in the spring and fall, a thick layer of fog enshrouds it for 68 days per year.[62][63] During the Second Sino-Japanese War, this special weather possibly played a role in protecting the city from being overrun by the Imperial Japanese Army.
Climate data for Chongqing ( Shapingba District , 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present)
| |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) |
27.6 (81.7) |
34.0 (93.2) |
36.5 (97.7) |
38.9 (102.0) |
39.8 (103.6) |
42.0 (107.6) |
43.7 (110.7) |
41.9 (107.4) |
37.4 (99.3) |
29.6 (85.3) |
21.5 (70.7) |
43.7 (110.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.4 (50.7) |
13.6 (56.5) |
18.6 (65.5) |
23.9 (75.0) |
27.4 (81.3) |
29.8 (85.6) |
33.7 (92.7) |
33.9 (93.0) |
28.5 (83.3) |
22.0 (71.6) |
17.3 (63.1) |
11.7 (53.1) |
22.6 (72.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.1 (46.6) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.5 (58.1) |
19.2 (66.6) |
22.6 (72.7) |
25.4 (77.7) |
28.9 (84.0) |
28.9 (84.0) |
24.4 (75.9) |
18.9 (66.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
9.5 (49.1) |
18.8 (65.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) |
8.3 (46.9) |
11.7 (53.1) |
16.0 (60.8) |
19.4 (66.9) |
22.4 (72.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
25.3 (77.5) |
21.5 (70.7) |
16.8 (62.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
8.0 (46.4) |
16.1 (61.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | −1.8 (28.8) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
1.2 (34.2) |
2.8 (37.0) |
10.8 (51.4) |
15.5 (59.9) |
19.2 (66.6) |
17.8 (64.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
6.9 (44.4) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 20.7 (0.81) |
22.4 (0.88) |
55.6 (2.19) |
103.4 (4.07) |
142.5 (5.61) |
212.1 (8.35) |
174.2 (6.86) |
125.7 (4.95) |
124.7 (4.91) |
95.3 (3.75) |
50.4 (1.98) |
24.7 (0.97) |
1,151.7 (45.33) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.0 | 8.9 | 11.5 | 13.6 | 16.0 | 16.0 | 11.3 | 11.5 | 12.6 | 15.8 | 11.3 | 10.6 | 149.1 |
Average snowy days | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.4 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
82 | 78 | 75 | 75 | 76 | 79 | 73 | 70 | 77 | 84 | 83 | 84 | 78 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 16.6 | 32.9 | 72.8 | 105.8 | 109.7 | 98.7 | 169.3 | 175.2 | 102.6 | 46.6 | 35.0 | 18.0 | 983.2 |
Percent possible sunshine | 5 | 10 | 19 | 27 | 26 | 24 | 40 | 43 | 28 | 13 | 11 | 6 | 21 |
Average ultraviolet index | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 8 |
Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[64][65][66] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Weather Atlas (uv)[67] |
Climate data for Chongqing ( Yubei District elevation 465 m (1,526 ft), 1991–2020 normals)
| |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 16.8 (62.2) |
23.7 (74.7) |
32.3 (90.1) |
34.1 (93.4) |
36.1 (97.0) |
35.6 (96.1) |
38.7 (101.7) |
41.7 (107.1) |
40.9 (105.6) |
33.1 (91.6) |
27.7 (81.9) |
17.9 (64.2) |
41.7 (107.1) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.9 (48.0) |
12.0 (53.6) |
16.9 (62.4) |
22.2 (72.0) |
25.6 (78.1) |
28.0 (82.4) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.3 (90.1) |
27.0 (80.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
16.0 (60.8) |
10.2 (50.4) |
21.0 (69.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.7 (44.1) |
9.0 (48.2) |
13.2 (55.8) |
18.0 (64.4) |
21.4 (70.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.6 (81.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
17.7 (63.9) |
13.2 (55.8) |
8.0 (46.4) |
17.5 (63.5) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.1 (41.2) |
7.1 (44.8) |
10.6 (51.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.4 (65.1) |
21.3 (70.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
24.1 (75.4) |
20.4 (68.7) |
15.7 (60.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
15.0 (59.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | −7.4 (18.7) |
0.2 (32.4) |
0.0 (32.0) |
4.9 (40.8) |
9.6 (49.3) |
14.0 (57.2) |
18.2 (64.8) |
17.4 (63.3) |
13.2 (55.8) |
6.2 (43.2) |
2.6 (36.7) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 19.6 (0.77) |
22.6 (0.89) |
55.2 (2.17) |
101.2 (3.98) |
154.8 (6.09) |
205.6 (8.09) |
167.4 (6.59) |
130.9 (5.15) |
129.3 (5.09) |
104.8 (4.13) |
52.4 (2.06) |
24.4 (0.96) |
1,168.2 (45.97) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 9.9 | 9.4 | 12.0 | 14.1 | 16.5 | 16.2 | 12.3 | 10.9 | 13.0 | 16.7 | 11.9 | 11.2 | 154.1 |
Average snowy days | 1.0 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 1.6 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
83 | 79 | 75 | 76 | 82 | 75 | 72 | 79 | 85 | 84 | 85 | 79 | 80 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 35.9 | 45.5 | 85.8 | 116.9 | 126 | 112 | 195.8 | 208.4 | 127.7 | 70.4 | 59.4 | 34.9 | 1,218.7 |
Percent possible sunshine | 11 | 14 | 23 | 30 | 30 | 27 | 46 | 51 | 35 | 20 | 19 | 11 | 26 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration[68][69] |
Climate data for NE Chongqing (Wushan County, 1981−2010 normals; 1991–2014 sunshine) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 21.8 (71.2) |
27.5 (81.5) |
34.3 (93.7) |
37.5 (99.5) |
40.8 (105.4) |
41.9 (107.4) |
42.1 (107.8) |
42.8 (109.0) |
42.2 (108.0) |
35.5 (95.9) |
26.4 (79.5) |
20.7 (69.3) |
42.8 (109.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.7 (51.3) |
13.1 (55.6) |
17.9 (64.2) |
23.9 (75.0) |
28.0 (82.4) |
30.9 (87.6) |
33.6 (92.5) |
34.1 (93.4) |
29.5 (85.1) |
23.2 (73.8) |
18.0 (64.4) |
12.2 (54.0) |
22.9 (73.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.3 (45.1) |
9.3 (48.7) |
13.2 (55.8) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.6 (72.7) |
25.8 (78.4) |
28.3 (82.9) |
28.4 (83.1) |
24.5 (76.1) |
18.9 (66.0) |
13.9 (57.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.9 (40.8) |
6.5 (43.7) |
9.7 (49.5) |
14.6 (58.3) |
18.7 (65.7) |
22.0 (71.6) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
21.0 (69.8) |
15.9 (60.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
6.6 (43.9) |
15.0 (59.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | −2.1 (28.2) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
1.6 (34.9) |
3.4 (38.1) |
11.4 (52.5) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.6 (65.5) |
17.2 (63.0) |
13.1 (55.6) |
5.8 (42.4) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 12.5 (0.49) |
26.6 (1.05) |
40.7 (1.60) |
87.1 (3.43) |
134.5 (5.30) |
151.1 (5.95) |
182.1 (7.17) |
134.2 (5.28) |
107.7 (4.24) |
92.9 (3.66) |
45.5 (1.79) |
14.6 (0.57) |
1,029.5 (40.53) |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
66 | 63 | 64 | 66 | 69 | 72 | 73 | 69 | 69 | 73 | 72 | 70 | 69 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 74.1 | 71.9 | 111.9 | 133.7 | 144.4 | 156.7 | 194.1 | 202.6 | 147.8 | 117.1 | 101.7 | 76.5 | 1,532.5 |
Percent possible sunshine | 23 | 23 | 30 | 34 | 34 | 37 | 45 | 50 | 40 | 34 | 32 | 24 | 34 |
Source: China Meteorological Administration[68][69] |
Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
See or edit raw graph data.
Chongqing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Cityscape
-
Jiangbeizui CBD from above, taken in 2018
-
Nan'an Districtof Chongqing, taken in 2018
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Jiefangbei (解放碑; 'People's Liberation Monument') is a World War II victory monument
-
Raffles City Chongqing, sitting in the confluence of Yangtze and Jialing River
Politics
Since 1997 Chongqing has been a
The municipal People's Government serves as the day-to-day administrative authority, and is headed by the mayor, who is assisted by numerous vice mayors and mayoral assistants. Each vice mayor is given jurisdiction over specific municipal departments. The mayor is the second-highest-ranking official in the municipality. The mayor usually represents the city when foreign guests visit.[70]
The municipality also has a People's Congress, theoretically elected by lower level People's Congresses. The People's Congress nominally appoints the mayor and approves the nominations of other government officials. The People's Congress, like those of other provincial jurisdictions, is generally seen as a symbolic body. It convenes in full once a year to approve party-sponsored resolutions and local regulations and duly confirm party-approved appointments. On occasion the People's Congress can be venues of discussion on municipal issues, although this is dependent on the actions of individual delegates. The municipal People's Congress is headed by a former municipal official, usually in their late fifties or sixties, with a lengthy prior political career in Chongqing. The municipal Political Consultative Conference (zhengxie) meets at around the same time as the People's Congress. Its role is to advise on political issues. The zhengxie is headed by a leader who is typically a former municipal or regional official with a lengthy career in the party and government bureaucracy.
Military
Chongqing was the wartime capital of China during the Second Sino-Japanese War (i.e., World War II), and from 1937 to 1945,[71] the seat of administration for the Republic of China's government before its departure to Nanjing and then Taiwan.[72] After the eventual defeat at the Battle of Wuhan General Chiang-Kai Shek and the army were forced to use it as base of resistance from 1938 onwards.[40] It also contains a military museum named after the Chinese Korean War hero Qiu Shaoyun.[73]
Chongqing used to be the headquarters of the
Administrative divisions
Chongqing is the largest of the four direct-controlled municipalities of the People's Republic of China. The municipality is divided into 38 subdivisions (3 were abolished in 1997, and
Administrative divisions of Chongqing | ||||||||||||||
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Wanzhou Fuling 1 Yuzhong 2 Dadukou 3 Jiangbei 4 Shapingba 5 Jiulongpo 6 Nan'an Beibei Qijiang Dazu Yubei Yubei Banan Banan Qianjiang Changshou Jiangjin Hechuan Yongchuan Nanchuan Bishan Tongliang Tongnan Rongchang Kaizhou Liangping Wulong 1. Yuzhong 2. Dadukou 3. Jiangbei 4. Shapingba 5. Jiulongpo 6. Nan'an | ||||||||||||||
Division code[75] | Division | Area in km2[76] | Total population 2010[77] | Urban area population 2010[78] |
Seat | Postal code | Subdivisions[79] | |||||||
Subdistricts
|
Towns
|
Townships
[n 1] |
Ethnic townships
|
Residential communities | Villages
| |||||||||
500000 | Chongqing | 82403 | 28,846,170 | 15295803 | Yuzhong |
400000 | 181 | 567 | 233 | 14 | 2324 | 5235 | ||
500101 | Wanzhou
|
3457 | 1,563,050 | 859,662 | Chenjiaba Subdistrict | 404000 | 11 | 29 | 10 | 2 | 187 | 448 | ||
500102 | Fuling
|
2946 | 1,066,714 | 595,224 | Lizhi Subdistrict | 408000 | 8 | 12 | 6 | 108 | 310 | |||
500103 | Yuzhong
|
23 | 630,090 | Qixinggang Subdistrict | 400000 | 12 | 78 | |||||||
500104 | Dadukou
|
102 | 301,042 | 280,512 | Xinshancun Subdistrict | 400000 | 5 | 2 | 48 | 32 | ||||
500105 | Jiangbei
|
221 | 738,003 | 672,545 | Cuntan Subdistrict | 400000 | 9 | 3 | 88 | 48 | ||||
500106 | Shapingba
|
396 | 1,000,013 | 900,568 | Qinjiagang Subdistrict | 400000 | 18 | 8 | 140 | 86 | ||||
500107 | Jiulongpo
|
431 | 1,084,419 | 939,349 | Yangjiaping Subdistrict | 400000 | 7 | 11 | 107 | 105 | ||||
500108 | Nan'an
|
263 | 759,570 | 683,717 | Tianwen Subdistrict | 400000 | 7 | 7 | 85 | 61 | ||||
500109 | Beibei
|
754 | 680,360 | 501,822 | Beiwenquan Subdistrict | 400700 | 5 | 12 | 63 | 117 | ||||
500110 | Qijiang
|
2747 | 1,056,817 | 513,935 | Gunan Subdistrict | 400800 | 5 | 25 | 99 | 365 | ||||
500111 | Dazu
|
1433 | 721,359 | 315,183 | Tangxiang Subdistrict | 400900 | 3 | 24 | 103 | 197 | ||||
500112 | Yubei
|
1452 | 1,345,410 | 985,918 | Shuangfengqiao Subdistrict | 401100 | 14 | 12 | 155 | 215 | ||||
500113 | Banan
|
1834 | 918,692 | 669,269 | Longzhouwan Subdistrict | 401300 | 8 | 14 | 87 | 198 | ||||
500114 | Qianjiang
|
2397 | 445,012 | 173,997 | Chengxi Subdistrict | 409700 | 6 | 12 | 12 | 80 | 138 | |||
500115 | Changshou
|
1423 | 770,009 | 408,261 | Fengcheng Subdistrict | 401200 | 4 | 14 | 31 | 223 | ||||
500116 | Jiangjin
|
3200 | 1,233,149 | 686,189 | Jijiang Subdistrict | 402200 | 4 | 24 | 85 | 180 | ||||
500117 | Hechuan
|
2356 | 1,293,028 | 721,753 | Nanjin Street Subdistrict | 401500 | 7 | 23 | 61 | 327 | ||||
500118 | Yongchuan
|
1576 | 1,024,708 | 582,769 | Zhongshan Road Subdistrict | 402100 | 7 | 16 | 52 | 208 | ||||
500119 | Nanchuan
|
2602 | 534,329 | 255,045 | Dongcheng Subdistrict | 408400 | 3 | 15 | 15 | 58 | 185 | |||
500120 | Bishan
|
912 | 586,034 | 246,425 | Bicheng Subdistrict | 402700 | 6 | 9 | 43 | 142 | ||||
500151 | Tongliang
|
1342 | 600,086 | 248,962 | Bachuan Subdistrict | 402500 | 3 | 25 | 57 | 269 | ||||
500152 | Tongnan
|
1585 | 639,985 | 247,084 | Guilin Subdistrict | 402600 | 2 | 20 | 21 | 281 | ||||
500153 | Rongchang
|
1079 | 661,253 | 271,232 | Changyuan Subdistrict | 402400 | 6 | 15 | 75 | 92 | ||||
500154 | Kaizhou
|
3959 | 1,160,336 | 416,415 | Hanfeng Subdistrict | 405400 | 7 | 26 | 7 | 78 | 435 | |||
500155 | Liangping
|
1890 | 687,525 | 235,753 | Liangshan Subdistrict | 405200 | 2 | 26 | 7 | 33 | 310 | |||
500156 | Wulong
|
2872 | 351,038 | 115,823 | Gangkou town | 408500 | 12 | 10 | 4 | 24 | 184 | |||
500229 | Chengkou Co. | 3286 | 192,967 | 49,039 | Gecheng Subdistrict | 405900 | 2 | 6 | 17 | 22 | 184 | |||
500230 | Fengdu Co. | 2896 | 649,182 | 224,003 | Sanhe Subdistrict | 408200 | 2 | 23 | 5 | 53 | 277 | |||
500231 | Dianjiang Co. | 1518 | 704,458 | 241,424 | Guixi Subdistrict | 408300 | 2 | 23 | 2 | 62 | 236 | |||
500233 | Zhong Co. | 2184 | 751,424 | 247,406 | Zhongzhou town | 404300 | 22 | 5 | 1 | 49 | 317 | |||
500235 | Yunyang Co. | 3634 | 912,912 | 293,636 | Shuangjiang Subdistrict | 404500 | 4 | 22 | 15 | 1 | 87 | 391 | ||
500236 | Fengjie Co. | 4087 | 834,259 | 269,302 | Yong'an town | 404600 | 19 | 8 | 4 | 54 | 332 | |||
500237 | Wushan Co. | 2958 | 495,072 | 148,597 | Gaotang Subdistrict | 404700 | 11 | 12 | 2 | 30 | 308 | |||
500238 | Wuxi Co. | 4030 | 414,073 | 105,111 | Baichang Subdistrict | 405800 | 2 | 15 | 16 | 38 | 292 | |||
500240 | Shizhu Co. | 3013 | 415,050 | 134,173 | Nanbin town | 409100 | 17 | 15 | 29 | 213 | ||||
500241 | Xiushan Co. | 2450 | 501,590 | 150,566 | Zhonghe Subdistrict | 409900 | 14 | 18 | 59 | 208 | ||||
500242 | Youyang Co. | 5173 | 578,058 | 137,635 | Taohuayuan town | 409800 | 15 | 23 | 8 | 270 | ||||
500243 | Pengshui Co. | 3903 | 545,094 | 137,409 | Hanjia Subdistrict | 409600 | 11 | 28 | 55 | 241 |
Divisions in Chinese and varieties of romanizations | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
English | Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Sichuanese Pinyin | |
Chongqing Municipality | 重庆市 | Chóngqìng Shì | cong2 qin4 si4 | |
Wanzhou District
|
万州区 | Wànzhōu Qū | wan4 zou2 qu1 | |
Fuling District
|
涪陵区 | Fúlíng Qū | ||
Yuzhong District
|
渝中区 | Yúzhōng Qū | yu2 zong1 qu1 | |
Dadukou District
|
大渡口区 | Dàdùkǒu Qū | da4 du4 kou3 qu1 | |
Jiangbei District
|
江北区 | Jiāngběi Qū | jiang1 be2 qu1 | |
Shapingba District
|
沙坪坝区 | Shāpíngbà Qū | sa1 pin2 ba4 qu1 | |
Jiulongpo District
|
九龙坡区 | Jiǔlóngpō Qū | ||
Nan'an District
|
南岸区 | Nán'àn Qū | lan2 ngan4 qu1 | |
Beibei District
|
北碚区 | Běibèi Qū | ||
Qijiang District
|
綦江区 | Qíjiāng Qū | ||
Dazu District
|
大足区 | Dàzú Qū | ||
Yubei District
|
渝北区 | Yúběi Qū | yu2 be2 qu1 | |
Banan District
|
巴南区 | Bānán Qū | ba1 lan2 qu1 | |
Qianjiang District
|
黔江区 | Qiánjiāng Qū | ||
Changshou District
|
长寿区 | Chángshòu Qū | ||
Jiangjin District
|
江津区 | Jiāngjīn Qū | jiang1 jin1 qu1 | |
Hechuan District
|
合川区 | Héchuān Qū | ho2 cuan1 qu1 | |
Yongchuan District
|
永川区 | Yǒngchuān Qū | yun3 cuan1 qu1 | |
Nanchuan District
|
南川区 | Nánchuān Qū | lan2 cuan1 qu1 | |
Bishan District
|
璧山区 | Bìshān Qū | ||
Tongliang District
|
铜梁区 | Tóngliáng Qū | ||
Tongnan District
|
潼南区 | Tóngnán Qū | ||
Rongchang District
|
荣昌区 | Róngchāng Qū | ||
Kaizhou District
|
开州区 | Kāizhōu Qū | kai1 zou1 qu1 | |
Liangping District
|
梁平区 | Liángpíng Qū | ||
Wulong District
|
武隆区 | Wǔlóng Qū | wu3 nong2 qu1 | |
Chengkou County | 城口县 | Chéngkǒu Xiàn | cen2 kou3 xian3 | |
Fengdu County | 丰都县 | Fēngdū Xiàn | ||
Dianjiang County | 垫江县 | Diànjiāng Xiàn | ||
Zhong County | 忠县 | Zhōngxiàn | zong1 xian3 | |
Yunyang County | 云阳县 | Yúnyáng Xiàn | yun2 yang2 xian3 | |
Fengjie County | 奉节县 | Fèngjié Xiàn | ||
Wushan County | 巫山县 | Wūshān Xiàn | ||
Wuxi County | 巫溪县 | Wūxī Xiàn | ||
Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County | 石柱土家族自治县 | Shízhù Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn | ||
Xiushan Tujia and Miao Autonomous County | 秀山土家族苗族自治县 | Xiùshān Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn | ||
Youyang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County | 酉阳土家族苗族自治县 | Yǒuyáng Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn | ||
Pengshui Miao and Tujia Autonomous County | 彭水苗族土家族自治县 | Péngshuǐ Miáozú Tǔjiāzú Zìzhìxiàn |
- ^ Including other township related subdivisions.
Urban areas
Population by urban areas of districts | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
# | City | Urban area[78] | District area[78] | Census date | |
1 | Chongqing[i] | 6,263,790 | 7,457,599 | 2010-11-01 | |
2 | Wanzhou |
859,662 | 1,563,050 | 2010-11-01 | |
3 | Hechuan |
721,753 | 1,293,028 | 2010-11-01 | |
4 | Jiangjin |
686,189 | 1,233,149 | 2010-11-01 | |
5 | Fuling |
595,224 | 1,066,714 | 2010-11-01 | |
6 | Yongchuan |
582,769 | 1,024,708 | 2010-11-01 | |
7 | Qijiang[ii] |
513,935 | 1,056,817 | 2010-11-01 | |
(8) | Kaizhou[iii] |
416,415 | 1,160,336 | 2010-11-01 | |
9 | Changshou |
408,261 | 770,009 | 2010-11-01 | |
10 | Dazu[iv] |
315,183 | 721,359 | 2010-11-01 | |
(11) | Rongchang[v] |
271,232 | 661,253 | 2010-11-01 | |
12 | Nanchuan |
255,045 | 534,329 | 2010-11-01 | |
(13) | Tongliang[vi] |
248,962 | 600,086 | 2010-11-01 | |
(14) | Tongnan[vii] |
247,084 | 639,985 | 2010-11-01 | |
(15) | Bishan[viii] |
246,425 | 586,034 | 2010-11-01 | |
(16) | Liangping[ix] |
235,753 | 687,525 | 2010-11-01 | |
17 | Qianjiang |
173,997 | 445,012 | 2010-11-01 | |
(18) | Wulong[x] |
115,823 | 351,038 | 2010-11-01 |
- Banan.
- Wansheng District& Qijiang County currently known as Qijiang District after census.
- ^ Kaizhou County is currently known as Kaizhou District after census.
- Shuangqiao District& Dazu County currently known as Dazu District after census.
- ^ Rongchang County is currently known as Rongchang District after census.
- ^ Tongliang County is currently known as Tongliang District after census.
- ^ Tongnan County is currently known as Tongnan District after census.
- ^ Bishan County is currently known as Bishan District after census.
- ^ Liangping County is currently known as Liangping District after census.
- ^ Wulong County is currently known as Wulong District after census.
|
|
|
a Indicates with which district the division was associated below prior to the merging of Chongqing, Fuling, Wanxian (now Wanzhou) and Qianjiang in 1997.
Central Chongqing
The main urban area of Chongqing city (重庆主城区) spans approximately 5,473 km2 (2,113 sq mi), and includes the following nine districts:[80][81]
- Yuzhong District (渝中区, literally "Central Chongqing District"), the central and most densely populated district, where government and international business offices and the city's best shopping are located in the district's Jiefangbei CBDarea. Yuzhong is located on the peninsula surrounded by Eling Hill, Yangtze River and Jialing River.
- Jiangbei District(江北区, literally "North of the River District"), located to the north of Jialing River.
- Shapingba District(沙坪坝区), roughly located between Jialing River and Zhongliang Mountain.
- Jiulongpo District(九龙坡区), roughly located between Yangtze River and Zhongliang Mountain.
- Nan'an District(南岸区, literally "Southern Bank District"), located on the south side of Yangtze River.
- Dadukou District(大渡口区)
- Banan District(巴南区, literally "Southern of Ba District"). Previously called Ba County, and changed to the current name in 1994.
- Yubei District(渝北区, or "Northern Chongqing District"). Previously called Jiangbei County, and changed into the current name in 1994.
- Beibei District(北碚区), a satellite district northwest of Chongqing.
Demographics
Population
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1949 | 1,003,000 | — |
1979 | 6,301,000 | +528.2% |
1983 | 13,890,000 | +120.4% |
1996 | 15,297,000 | +10.1% |
1997[82]* | 28,753,000 | +88.0% |
2000[82] | 28,488,200 | −0.9% |
2005[82] | 27,980,000 | −1.8% |
2008[82] | 28,390,000 | +1.5% |
2012[82] | 28,846,170 | +1.6% |
2013[82] | 29,700,000 | +3.0% |
2014[83] | 29,914,000 | +0.7% |
2015[84] | 30,170,000 | +0.9% |
*Population size in 1997 was affected by expansion of administrative divisions. |
According to the 2020 national census, Chongqing has a population of 32,054,159, accounting for around 2.27% of the national total.[5] As of 2010[update], the metropolitan area encompassing the central urban area was estimated by the OECD to have, a population of 17 million.[85][86][87]
The Census also lists the male percentage as 50.55% and the female percentage as 49.55%. In terms of age distribution, of the total population, 15.91% were age 0–14, 62.22% were 15–64, and 21.87% were 65 and over. Of the population's highest education level achieved, 15.41% were college, 15.96% were high school, 30.58% were middle school, and 29.89% were elementary school.[5] As of 2021[update], 70.4% of Chongqing's population is estimated to be urban, and 29.6%.[5]
Religion
The predominant religions in Chongqing are
The reports did not give figures for other types of religion; 72.32% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in worship of nature deities, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, or folk religious sects.
In 2010, there were 9,056 Muslims in Chongqing.[89]
Economy
There has been a massive government push to transform Chongqing into the region's economic, trade, and
As of 2022[update], Chongqing's nominal GDP was US$433 billion (CN¥ 2.91 trilion), about 2.41% of the country's GDP and ranked 16th among province-level administrative units; the municipality's primary, secondary and tertiary industries were worth CN¥201.21 billion (US$29.92 billion), CN¥1.169 trillion (US$173.86 billion) and CN¥1.542 trillion (US$229.3 billion) respectively. Its nominal GDP per capita was US$13,479 (CN¥90,663) and ranked 10th in the country.[5]
Chongqing has been identified by the
Traditionally, due to its geographic inaccessibility, Chongqing and Sichuan have both been important military bases in weapons research and development.[96] Even though Chongqing's industries are diversified, unlike eastern China, its export sector is small due to its relatively disadvantageous inland location. Instead, factories producing local-oriented consumer goods such as processed food, cars, chemicals, textiles, machinery, sports equipment and electronics are common.
Chongqing is China's third largest motor vehicle production center and the largest for motorcycles. In 2007, it had an annual output capacity of 1 million cars and 8.6 million motorcycles.
The city has also invested heavily in infrastructure to attract investment. among other multinational corporations.
Economic and technological development zones
The city includes a number of economic and technological development zones:
- Chongqing Chemical Industrial Park[115]
- Chongqing Economic & Technological Development Zone[116]
- Chongqing Hi-Tech Industry Development Zone[117]
- Chongqing New North Zone (CNNZ)[118]
- Chongqing Export Processing Zone[119]
- Jianqiao Industrial Park (located in Dadukou District)[120]
- Liangjiang New Area[121]
- Liangjiang Cloud Computing Center (the largest of its kind in China)[122]
Chongqing itself is part of the West Triangle Economic Zone, along with Chengdu and Xi'an.
Education and research
As of 2022[update], Chongqing hosts 70 institutions of higher education (excluding adult colleges), making it the fourth city with the most higher education institutions nationwide and the first city in Western China, which comprises Chongqing, six provinces (Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai), and three autonomous regions (Tibet, Ningxia, and Xinjiang), with a combination of more than 290 million population.[123]
Chongqing is one of the top 40 cities in the world by scientific research outputs as tracked by the Nature Index.[26]
Colleges and universities
- Chongqing University (重庆大学)
- Southwest University (西南大学)
- Chongqing University of Science and Technology (重庆科技学院)
- Southwest University of Political Science and Law (西南政法大学)
- Army Medical University (第三军医大学)
- Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (重庆邮电大学)
- Chongqing University of Technology (重庆理工大学)
- Chongqing Jiaotong University (重庆交通大学)
- Chongqing Medical University (重庆医科大学)
- Chongqing Normal University (重庆师范大学)
- Chongqing Technology and Business University (重庆工商大学)
- Chongqing Three Gorges University (重庆三峡学院)
- Chongqing Telecommunication Institute(重庆通讯学院)
- Sichuan Fine Arts Institute (四川美术学院)
- Sichuan International Studies University (四川外国语大学)
- University of Logistics(后勤工程学院)
- Chongqing University of Arts and Science (重庆文理学院)
- Yangtze Normal University (长江师范学院)
- Chongqing University of Education (重庆第二师范学院)
Notable high schools
- Chongqing Changshou Middle School (重庆市长寿中学校)
- Fuling Experimental High School (涪陵实验中学)
- Chongqing No.1 Middle School] (重庆一中)
- Chongqing Nankai Secondary School (重庆南开中学)
- Chongqing No.8 Secondary School (重庆八中)
- Bashu Secondary School (巴蜀中学)
- Chongqing Railway High School (重庆铁路中学)
- Chongqing Yucai Secondary School (育才中学)
- Chongqing Foreign Language School (The High School Affiliated to Sichuan International Studies University 重庆一外)
- Verakin High School of Chongqing (The 2nd Chongqing Foreign Language School, 重庆二外)
- Chongqing Qiujing High School (求精中学)
- High School Affiliated to Southwest University (西南大学附中)
- Chongqing NO.18 Secondary School (重庆十八中)
International schools
- Yew Chung International School of Chongqing (重庆耀中国际学校)[124]
- KL International School of Chongqing Bashu (重庆市诺林巴蜀外籍人员子女学校)[125]
Transportation
Since its elevation to national-level municipality in 1997, the city has dramatically expanded its infrastructure. With the construction of railways and expressways to the east and southeast, Chongqing is a major transportation hub in southwestern China.
As of October 2014[update], the municipality had
Public transit
Chongqing Rail Transit
Public transport in Chongqing consists of metro, intercity railway, a ubiquitous bus system and the world's largest monorail network.
According to the Chongqing Municipal Government's ambitious plan in May 2007, Chongqing is investing 150 billion RMB over 13 years to finish a system that combines underground metro lines with heavy monorail.
As of 2017[update], four metro lines, the 14 km (8.7 mi) long CRT
By 2020 CRT will consist of 6 lines and 1 loop line resulting in 363.5 km (225.9 mi) of road and railway to the existing transportation infrastructure and 93 new metro stations will be added to the 111 stations that are already in place.[129]
By 2050, Chongqing will have as many as 18 lines that are planned to be in operation.[130][full citation needed]
Aerial tramway
Chongqing is the only Chinese city that has kept public aerial tramways. Historically there were three aerial tramways in Chongqing: the Yangtze River Tramway, the Jialing River Tramway and the South Mountain Tramway. Currently, only Yangtze River Tramway is still in operation, it is also considered a Class 4A Tourist Attraction. The 1,160-meter (3,810 ft)-long tramway connects the southern and northern banks of Yangtze River; its daily passenger volume is about 10,000.
Rail
Major stations in Chongqing:
- Chongqing railway station in Yuzhong, accessible via Metro Lines 1 & 3 (Lianglukou Metro station), is the city's oldest railway station and located near the Jiefangbei CBD in the city center. The station handles mostly long-distance trains. There are plans for a major renovation and overhaul of this station, thus many services have been transferred to Chongqing North railway station.
- Chongqing North railway station is a station handling many long-distance services and high-speed rail services to Chengdu, Beijing and other cities. It was completed in 2006 and is connected to Metro Line.
- Chongqing West railway station is in Shapingba, a station handling many long-distance services and high-speed rail services to many cities. It was completed in 2018.
- Shapingba railway station is in Shapingba, near Shapingba CBD, accessible via Shapingba metro station on Lines 1, 9 and the Loop line. It handles many local and regional train services. It was completed in 2018.
- Another railway station, Chongqing East, is currently under construction and is expected to be completed in 2025.
Chongqing is a major freight destination for rail with continued development with improved handling facilities. Due to subsidies and incentives, the relocation and construction of many factories in Chongqing has seen a huge increase in rail traffic.
Chongqing is a major rail hub regionally.
- Chengdu–Chongqing railway (to Chengdu, Sichuan Province)
- Sichuan–Guizhou railway (to Guiyang, Guizhou Province)
- Xiangyang–Chongqing railway (to Hubei Province)
- Chongqing–Huaihua railway (to Hunan Province)
- Suining–Chongqing railway (to Sichuan Province)
- Chongqing–Lichuan railway (to Hubei Province)
- Lanzhou–Chongqing railway railway (to Gansu Province)
River port
Chongqing is one of the most important inland ports in China. There are numerous luxury cruise ships that terminate at Chongqing, cruising downstream along the
Highways
Traditionally, the road network in Chongqing has been narrow, winding and limited to smaller vehicles because of the natural terrain, large rivers and the huge population demands on the area, especially in the
Unlike many other Chinese cities, it is rare for motorbikes, electric scooters or bicycles to be seen on Chongqing's Roads. This is due to the extremely hilly and mountainous nature of Chongqing's roads and streets. However, despite this, Chongqing is a manufacturing center for these types of vehicles.[133]
- Chongqing-Chengdu Expressway
- Chongqing-Chengdu 2nd Expressway (under construction)
- Chongqing-Wanzhou-Yichang Highway (Wanzhou-Yichang section under construction)
- Chongqing-Guiyang Highway
- Chongqing-Changsha Expressway (Xiushan-Changsha section under construction)
- Chongqing-Dazhou-Xi'a Highway (Dazhou-Xi'an section under construction)
- Chongqing-Suining Expressway
- Chongqing-Nanchong Expressway
- China National Highway 210
- China National Highway 212
Bridges
With so many bridges crossing the Yangtze and Jialing rivers in the urban area, Chongqing is sometimes known as the 'Bridge Capital of China'. The first important bridge in urban Chongqing was the Niujiaotuo Jialing River Bridge, built in 1958. The first bridge over the Yangtze river was the Shibanpo Yangtze River Bridge (or Chongqing Yangtze River Bridge) built in 1977.
As of 2014[update], within the area of the 9 districts, there were 20 bridges on the Yangtze river and 28 bridges on the Jialing river. The bridges in Chongqing exhibit a variety of shapes and structures, making Chongqing a showcase for bridge design.
Airports
The major airport of Chongqing is
Currently, Jiangbei airport has three terminals. Chongqing Airport has metro access (CRT Line 3 and Line 10) to its central city, and two runways in normal use.[136]
There are four other airports in Chongqing Municipality:
Culture
Language
The language native to Chongqing is
Tourism
As the provisional Capital of China for almost ten years (1937 to 1945), the city was also known as one of the three headquarters of the Allies during
- The Baiheliang Underwater Museum, China's first underwater museum,[142]
- The Memorial of Great Tunnel Massacre, a former air-raid shelter where a major massacre occurred during World War II.
- The Great Hall of the People in Chongqing is based on the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. This is one of the largest public assembly buildings in China which, though built in modern times, emulates traditional architectural styles. It is adjacent to the densely populated and hilly central district, with narrow streets and pedestrian only walkways,[143]
- The large domed Three Gorges Museum presents the history, culture, and environment of the Three Gorges area and Chongqing.
- Chongqing Art Museum is known for striking architecture.
- Chongqing Science and Technology Museum has an IMAX theater.
- Luohan Si, a Ming dynasty temple,[144]
- Huangguan Escalator, the second longest escalator in Asia.
- Former sites for embassies of major countries during the 1940s. As the capital at that time, Chongqing had many residential and other buildings for these officials.[145]
- Wuxi County, noted as a major tourism area of Chongqing,[146]
- The Dazu Rock Carvings, in Dazu county, are a series of Chinese religious sculptures and carvings, dating back as far as the 7th century A.D., depicting and influenced by Buddhist, Confucian and Taoist beliefs. Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Dazu Rock Carvings are made up of 75 protected sites containing some 50,000 statues, with over 100,000 Chinese characters forming inscriptions and epigraphs.,[147]
- The Wulong County are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the South China Karst,[148][149]
- Shapingba District of Chongqing. It is also known as "Little Chongqing". The town, located next to the lower reaches of the Jialing River, was at one time an important source of china-ware and used to be a busy commercial dock during the Ming and Qing dynasties,[150]
- Mongol armies during the Southern Song dynasty (1127–1279) and the location where the Mongol leader Möngke Khan died in 1259,[151]
- Xueyu Cave in Fengdu County is the only example of a pure-white, jade-like karst cave in China,[152]
- Fengdu Ghost City in Fengdu County is the Gate of the Hell in traditional Chinese literature and culture.
- Snowy Jade Cave, see Xueyu Cave (above).
- Baidi Cheng, a peninsula in Yangtze River, known due to a famous poem by Li Bai.
- The Chongqing Zoo, a zoo that exhibits many rare species including the giant panda, the extremely rare South China tiger, and the African elephant.[153]
- Chongqing Amusement Park.
- Chongqing Grand Theater, a performing arts center.
- Foreigners' Street was an amusement park, including the Porcelain Palace, the world's largest toilet. Also the location of the abortive Love Land development in 2009.
- The Black Mountain Valley (Heishangu).[154]
- Hongya Cave (aka Hongya Dong), a pier stilt house fortress that served as one of the 17 city gates of Ancient Chongqing is a popular tourist attraction for its architecture.
Cuisine
Chongqing food is part of
- Chongqing hot pot– Chongqing's local culinary specialty which was originally from Northern China. Tables in hot pot restaurants usually have a central pot, where food ordered by the customers is boiled in a spicy broth, items such as beef, pork, tripe, kidney slices, pork aorta and goose intestine are often consumed.[156]
- Chongqing Xiao Mian – a common lamian noodle dish tossed with chili oil and rich mixtures of spices and ingredients
- Jiangtuan fish – since Chongqing is located along
- Suan La Fen (Sour and Spicy Sweet-Potato Noodles) – Thick, transparent noodles of rubbery texture in a spicy vinegar soup.[160]
- Quanshui Ji (Spring Water Chicken) – Quanshui Ji is cooked with the natural spring water in the Southern Mountain of Chongqing.
- Pork leg cooked with rock sugar – A common household dish of Chongqing, the tender, reddish finished dish, has been described as having strong and sweet aftertaste.[163]
- Qianzhang (skimmed soy bean cream) – Qianzhang is the cream skimmed from soybean milk. In order to create this, several steps must be followed very carefully. First, soybeans are soaked in water, ground, strained, boiled, restrained several times and spread over gauze until delicate, snow-white cream is formed. The paste can also be hardened, cut into slivers and seasoned with sesame oil, garlic and chili oil. Another variation is to bake the cream and fry it with bacon, which is described as soft and sweet.[164]
Media
The
Sports and recreation
Basketball
Soccer
Professional soccer teams in Chongqing include:
- Chongqing Liangjiang Athletic, folded
- Chongqing F.C., folded
Chongqing Liangjiang Athletic was a professional Chinese soccer club that played in the Chinese Super League. They were owned by the Chongqing-based Lifan Group, which manufactures motorcycles, cars and spare parts.[168] Originally called Qianwei (Vanguard) Wuhan, the club formed in 1995 to take part in the recently developed, fully professional Chinese Soccer League. They would quickly rise to top tier of the system and experience their greatest achievement in winning the 2000 Chinese FA Cup,[169] and coming in fourth within the league. However, since then they have struggled to replicate the same success, and have twice been relegated from the top tier.[170]
Chongqing FC was a soccer club located in the city that competed in China League One, the country's second-tier soccer division, before being relegated to the China League Two, and dissolved due to a resultant lack of funds.[171]
Sport venues
Sport venues in Chongqing include:
- The Chongqing Olympic Sports Center is a multipurpose stadium. It is currently used mostly for soccer matches, as it has a grass surface, and can hold 58,680. It was built in 2002 and was one of main venues for the 2004 AFC Asian Cup.[172]
- Yanghe Stadium is a multiuse stadium that is currently used mostly for soccer matches. The stadium holds 32,000 people, and is the home of Chongqing Lifan in the Chinese Super League. The stadium was purchased by the Lifan Group in 2001 for RMB80 million and immediately replaced Datianwan Stadium as the home of Chongqing Lifan.[173]
- Datianwan Stadium is a multipurpose stadium that is currently used mostly for soccer matches. The stadium has a capacity 32,000 people, and up until 2001 was the home of Chongqing Lifan.[174]
Cloud Valley
At the end of 2020, a collaboration between a Danish architecture firm and a Chinese tech company Terminus was announced, taking the form of an AI-controlled campus. The project is named Cloud Valley and aims to use sensors and WiFi-controlled devices to collect data on the city's residents and atmosphere, including weather and eating and sleeping habits. The AI will adapt devices to work in a way that fits the gathered information and improves residents' lives.[175]
Notable people
- Ba Manzi: a legendary hero of Ba kingdom in Zhou dynasty
- Ba Qing, the Widow: the earliest known female merchant in Chinese history who provided huge financial aid to Great Wall
- Gan Ning: a general serving under warlord Sun Quan in the last years of Han dynasty
- Yan Yan: a loyal general during Three Kingdoms period
- Lanxi Daolong: a famous Buddhism monk and philosopher in Song dynasty who went to Japan and established the Kenchō-ji
- Manchus
- Nie Rongzhen: marshal of the People's Liberation Army of China
- Liu Bocheng: an early leader of Chinese communist party during Anti-Japanese War
- Lu Zuofu: a notable industrialist and businessman who was a member of Republic of Chinaperiod.
- Liu Yongqing: wife of the former president and Party general secretary Hu Jintao
- Zhonghua Pang: renowned calligrapher and geologist
- Xia Peisu: computer scientist
- Huang Qian: chess player
- Tian Liang: Olympic diving gold medalist
- Li Yundi: pianist
- Karry Wang: member of the pop band TFBoysand actor
- Roy Wang: singer-songwriter and member of TFBoys, also an actor and TV host
- Li Hua: artist who studied in Europe
- Xiao Zhan: actor, singer, and member of the boy group X Nine
- Pan Wenhua: born in Renshou County, Sichuan Province, was a famous military general regarded as a born military prodigy
- Zhou Zhennan: leader of C-pop group R1SE
- Shi Tingmao: Olympic diving gold medalist
- Chen Zihan : actress
- Shuguang Zhang : biochemist
- Xia Li: professional wrestler signed with WWE
- Feng Timo : singer, pop star and internet personality
- Domee Shi: Chinese Canadian animator, director and screenwriter
International relations
Consulates
Consulate | Date | Consular District |
Canada Consulate-General, Chongqing[176] | 05.1998 | Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan |
United Kingdom Consulate-General, Chongqing[176] | 03.2000 | Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan |
Cambodia Consulate-General, Chongqing[176] | 12.2004 | Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi |
Japan Consulate-General, Chongqing[176] | 01.2005 | Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi |
Philippines Consulate-General, Chongqing[176] | 12.2008 | Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan |
Hungary Consulate-General, Chongqing[176] | 02.2010 | Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu |
Ethiopia Consulate-General, Chongqing[176] | 11.2011 | Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan |
Italy Consulate-General, Chongqing[177] | 12.2013 | Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan |
Uruguay Consulate-General, Chongqing[178] | 12.2019 | Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu |
Twin towns – sister cities
Chongqing has
- Toulouse, France (1982)
- Seattle, United States (1983)[179]
- Detroit, United States (1986)
- Toronto, Canada (1986)
- Hiroshima, Japan (1986)
- Leicester, United Kingdom (1993)
- Voronezh, Russia (1993)
- Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine (2002)
- Mpumalanga, South Africa (2002)
- Sliven, Bulgaria (2002)
- Düsseldorf, Germany (2004)
- Brisbane, Australia (2005)[180]
- Shiraz, Iran (2005)
- Aswan, Egypt (2005)
- Busan, South Korea (2007)
- Sør-Trøndelag, Norway (2007)
- Chiang Mai Province, Thailand (2008)
- Córdoba, Argentina (2010)
- Budapest, Hungary (2010)
- Bangkok, Thailand (2005)
- Antwerp, Belgium (2011)
- Salvador, Bahia, Brazil (2011)
- Chennai, India (2015)
- Maribor, Slovenia (2017)
- Telde, Spain (2018)
See also
- List of cities in China by population and built-up area
- List of twin towns and sister cities in China
- Major national historical and cultural sites in Chongqing
Notes
- ^ Total urban population in the municipality.
- lineage "churches" and ancestral shrines). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, etc.) was not reported by Wang.
- ^ This may include:
- Buddhists;
- Confucians;
- Folk religionists;
- Taoists;
- Members of folk religious sects;
- Small minorities of Muslims;
- And people not bounded to, nor practicing any, institutional or diffuse religion.
- State Environmental Protection Administration(SEPA) found 13 firms in the manganese triangle had breached targets on the release of hexavalent chromium and ammonia-nitrogen – in the worst case, by a factor of 180. The cleanup ordered by SEPA resulted in firms closing and the expenditure of 280 million yuan.
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- ^ "Brisbane's Sister City - Chongqing". Brisbane City Council. Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 4 September 2019.
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