Chordate genomics
Chordate genomics is the study of the evolution of the
chromosome translocation
, and other genomic rearrangements to determine the evolutionary history of the clade, and to reconstruct the genome of the founding species.
Results
Phylogeny
The deep branching of chordate
Craniata
.
Synteny
A comparison of the genomes of the Lancelet Branchiostoma floridae, a
humans Homo sapiens revealed extensive macro-synteny with little or no micro-synteny. That is, across the Chordate clade the same genes are found clustered near each other although the order of the genes within the clusters has been shuffled.[2] There are 135 identifiable segments in the human genome which retain synteny with the ancestral chordate karyotype
.
Synteny analysis indicates that there were 17 chromosomes in the last common ancestor to the Chordates.[3]
Genome Duplication
Multiple lines of experimental evidence strongly suggest that twice in the lineage leading to the teleost fish the ancestral Chordate genome was duplicated.[4][5][6][7] A comparison of the genomes of the Lancelet Branchiostoma floridae, the Tunicates Ciona intestinalis and Oikopleura dioica, the
Vertebrata clade.[8]
References
- ^ "The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype." Nicholas H. Putnam, et al. Nature 453 1064-1071, (2008)
- ^ "The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype." Nicholas H. Putnam, et al. Nature 453 1064-1071, (2008)
- ^ "The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype." Nicholas H. Putnam, et al. Nature 453 1064-1071, (2008)
- ^ "Analysis of lamprey and hagfish genes reveals a complex history of gene duplications during early vertebrate evolution." H. Excriva, et al., Mol. Biol. Evol. 19, 1440-1450 (2002)
- ^ "Genome duplication in the telesost fish Tetraodon nigroviridis reveals the early vertebrate proto-karyotype." O. Jaillon, et al., Nature 431, 946-957 (2004)
- ^ "New evidence for genome-wide duplications at the origin of vertebrates using an amphioxus gene set and completed animal genomes." G. Panopoulou, et al. Genome Res. 13, 1056-1066 (2003)
- ^ "Fugu genome analysis provides evidence for a whole-genome duplication early during the evolution of ray-finned fishes." A. Christoffeles, et al. Mol. Biol. Evol. 21, 1146-1151 (2004)
- ^ "The amphioxus genome and the evolution of the chordate karyotype." Nicholas H. Putnam, et al. Nature 453 1064-1071, (2008)
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