Chosroid dynasty
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Chosroid Dynasty
)| Chosroid dynasty | ||
|---|---|---|
| Parent house | Style(s) Style of the Georgian sovereign | |
| Dissolution | c. 807 | |
| Cadet branches | Guaramid dynasty | |
| Part of a series on the |
| History of Georgia |
|---|
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The Chosroid dynasty (a Latinization of Khosro[v]ianni,
Bagratids
on the throne of Iberia.
Origins
The Chosroids were a branch of the
Gogarene and Gardman, the two Caucasian principalities where the three nations – Armenians, Albanians, and Georgians – commingled.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
According to the Georgian Chronicles and identifies Mirian as the son of King Lev, successor of King Aspacures I. Lev is unattested elsewhere.[10]
Early Chosroids
The ascendance of the Mihranid lines to the thrones of Caucasia was, in fact, a manifestation of the victory of the Sassanids over what remained in the region of the
Armenian branch was now in decline and the Georgian one had already been extinct.[11]
As an Iranian vassal king, Mirian III (ruled 284–361), the founder of the Chosroid dynasty, participated in the
Georgian alphabet, a crucial instrument in the propagation of Christian learning, being the most important cultural legacy of this struggle.[15] The Chosroid kings of Iberia, albeit Christian, remained generally loyal to their Iranian suzerains until Vakhang I Gorgasali (r. 447–522), perhaps the most popular Chosroid king of Iberia traditionally credited also with the foundation of Georgia’s modern-day capital Tbilisi, reversed his political orientation in 482, bringing his state and church more into line with current Byzantine policy. He then led, in alliance with the Armenian prince Vardan Mamikonian, an open revolt against the Sassanids and continued a desperate, but eventually unsuccessful, struggle until the end of his life.[16]
Later Chosroids
After Vakhtang I's death in 522, the family went in decline and exercised only a limited authority over Iberia, the government being effectively run by the Tbilisi-based Iranian viceroy through the compromise with local princes. When
Stephanus I (r. 590–627), transferred his allegiance to the Sassanids and reunited Iberia, eventually drawing a vigorous response from the Byzantine emperor Heraclius (610–641), who, in alliance with the Khazars, campaigned in Iberia and captured Tbilisi after an uneasy siege in 627. Heraclius I had Stephanus flayed alive and gave his office to the pro-Byzantine Chosroid prince Adarnase I of Kakheti (r. 627–637/42).[18]
Reinstated by Heraclius, the Chosroid dynasty were persistent in their pro-Byzantine line, but
Georgian Bagratid dynasty.[19]
The main Chosroid branch outlived its younger Guaramid line, extinct since 786, by two decades. With Juansher’s death in c. 807, it too died out. The Chosroid possessions in Kakheti were taken over by the local noble families who formed a
chorepiscopi down to the 11th century, while the Guaramid estates passed to their relatives from the Bagratid dynasty.[20]
List of the Chosroid rulers
Kings of Iberia
- Mirian III, 284–361
- Rev, co-king 345–361
- Sauromaces II, 361–363, diarch 370–378
- Aspacures II, 363–365
- Mihrdat III, 365–380, diarch 370–378
- Aspacures III, 380–394
- Trdat, 394–406
- Pharasmanes IV, 406–409
- Mihrdat IV, 409–411
- Archil, 411–435
- Mihrdat V, 435–447
- Vakhtang I, 447–522
- Dachi, 522–534
- Bacurius II, 534–547
- Pharasmanes V, 547–561
- Pharasmanes VI, 561–?
- Bacurius III, ?–580
Princes of Kakheti and Presiding Princes of Iberia
- Adarnase I, Prince of Kakheti, c. 580–637; Presiding Prince of Iberia, 627–637
- Stephen II, Prince of Kakheti and Presiding Prince of Iberia, 637–c. 650
- Adarnase II, Prince of Kakheti and Presiding Prince of Iberia, c. 650–684
- Stephen, Prince of Kakheti, 685–736
- Mirian, Prince of Kakheti, 736–741
- Archil “the Martyr”, Prince of Kakheti, 736–786
- John, Prince of Kakheti, 786–790
- Juansher, Prince of Kakheti, 786–807
See also
- Guaramid dynasty
- Juansheriani
References
- ^ Toumanoff, Cyril. Chronology of the Early Kings of Iberia. Traditio 25 (1969), p. 22.
- ^ Yarshater (1983), p. 520
- ^ Charles Allen Burney, David Marshall Lang (1971), p. 205
- ^ Pourshariati (2008), p. 44
- ^ Hussey, Joan M. (1966), p. 597
- ^ Rapp, Stephen H. (2003), p. 154
- ^ Lenski, Noel. (2003); (...) they successfully asserted their claim by crowning a Persian dynast named Mirian III. Mirian, founder of the Mihranid dynasty, which ruled Iberia into the sixth century (...)
- ^ Bardakjian & La Porta. (2014), p. 195
- ISBN 0-19-826373-2.
- ^ Rapp, pp. 293–295
- ^ Toumanoff, Cyril. Introduction to Christian Caucasian History, II: States and Dynasties of the Formative Period. Traditio 17 (1961), p. 38.
- ISBN 0-253-20915-3.
- ^ Sauromaces is surprisingly ignored by local written tradition, but mentioned by the contemporary Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus in his Res Gestae. Rapp (2003), p. 488.
- ^ Greatrex, Geoffrey B. (Dalhousie University). The Background and Aftermath of the Partition of Armenia in A.D. 387. The Ancient History Bulletin 14.1–2 (2000): 35–48.
- ^ Suny (1994), p. 22.
- ^ Suny (1994), p. 24.
- ^ Suny (1994), p. 25.
- ^ Suny (1994), p. 26.
- ^ Rapp (2003), p. 475
- ^ Suny (1994), p. 29.
Sources
- Bardakjian, Kevork; La Porta, Sergio (2014). The Armenian Apocalyptic Tradition: A Comparative Perspective. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004270268.
- ISBN 978-0521200929.
- Charles Allen Burney, David Marshall Lang. (1971). The peoples of the hills: ancient Ararat and Caucasus. Weidenfeld and Nicolson (original from the University of Michigan).
- Hussey, Joan M., ed. (1966). "The Cambridge Medieval History. Vol. IV, The Byzantine Empire". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Lenski, Noel (2003). Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century A.D. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520928534.
- Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). Decline and fall of the Sasanian empire: the Sasanian-Parthian confederacy and the Arab conquest of Iran. I.B. Tauris. p. 44. ISBN 978-1845116453.
- Rapp, Stephen H. (2003). Studies in Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts and Eurasian Contexts. Peeters Publishers. ISBN 978-9042913189.