Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
Born (1942-10-20) 20 October 1942 (age 81)
Magdeburg, Germany
Alma materGoethe University Frankfurt
University of Tübingen (PhD)
Awards
Scientific career
Fields
Institutions
ThesisZur spezifischen Protein-Nukleinsäure-Wechselwirkung : die Bindung von RNS-Polymerase aus Escherichia coli an die Replikative-Form-DNS des Bakteriophagen fd und die Charakterisierung der Bindungsstellen (1974)
Doctoral advisorHeinz Schaller[2]
Websitewww.eb.tuebingen.mpg.de/research/emeriti/research-group-colour-pattern-formation.html
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard in 2007
A preparation of the cuticle from a Drosophila embryo, similar to those examined by Nüsslein-Volhard. Note the bands of denticles on the left hand side (towards the head) of each segment.

Christiane (Janni) Nüsslein-Volhard (German pronunciation:

developmental biologist and a 1995 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate. She is the only woman from Germany to have received a Nobel Prize in the sciences.[a]

Nüsslein-Volhard earned her PhD in 1974 from the

Early life and education

Nüsslein-Volhard was born in

internist Franz Volhard. She is also the aunt of the Nobel laureate in chemistry Benjamin List.[7]

After the

behavioral biology, "but then somehow I ended up in biochemistry (...) and molecular genetics because at the time this was the most modern aspect, and I was ambitious — I wanted to go where the leaders were. The old-fashioned botanists and zoologists were such dull people— there was nothing interesting there."[6]

She received a diploma in biochemistry in 1969

Career

In 1975, Nüsslein-Volhard became a postdoctoral researcher in

Walter Gehring´s laboratory at the Biozentrum, University of Basel. She was a specialist in the developmental biology of Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) supported by a long-term fellowship from the European Molecular Biology Organization
(EMBO). In 1977, she continued in the laboratory of Klaus Sander at University of Freiburg, who was an expert in embryonic patterning. In 1978, she set up her own lab in the newly founded
Eric Wieschaus, whom she had met in Basel. Over the next three years they examined about 20,000 mutated fly families, collected about 600 mutants with an altered body pattern and found that out of the approximately 5,000 essential genes only 120 were essential for early development. In October 1980, they published the mere 15 genes controlling the segmented pattern of the Drosophila larva.[5]

In 1981, Nüsslein-Volhard moved to the Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society in Tübingen. From 1984 until her retirement in 2014, she was the director of the

Danio rerio) as her research model.[5]

In 2001, she became a member of the Nationaler Ethikrat (National Ethics Council of Germany) for the

life sciences
and their influence on the individual and society. Her primer for the lay-reader, Coming to Life: How Genes Drive Development, was published in April 2006.

In 2004, she started the Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Foundation (Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Stiftung) which aids promising young female German scientists with children. The foundation's main focus is to facilitate childcare as a supplement to existing stipends and day care.[4]

Research

During the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, little was known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms by which multicellular organisms

gurken (German: "cucumbers"), and Krüppel ( "cripple").[10] Later, researchers Pavel Tomancal, Amy Beaton, et. Al, identified exactly which gene had been affected by each mutation, thereby identifying a set of genes crucial for Drosophila embryogenesis
.

The subsequent study of these mutants and their interactions led to important new insights into early Drosophila development, especially the mechanisms that underlie the step-wise development of body segments.[11] These experiments are not only distinguished by their sheer scale (with the methods available at the time, they involved an enormous workload), but more importantly by their significance for organisms other than fruit flies.

Her findings led to important realizations about evolution – for example, that

common ancestor
with a much more complex body plan than had been conventionally thought.

Additionally, they greatly increased our understanding of the regulation of

transcription, as well as cell fate during development.[citation needed
]

Nüsslein-Volhard is associated with the discovery of

Toll, which led to the identification of toll-like receptors.[12]

As of 2023[update], Nüsslein-Volhard has an h-index of 104 according to Scopus.[13]

Personal life

Nüsslein-Volhard married in the mid-1960s while studying at the Goethe University Frankfurt, but divorced soon afterward and did not have any children.[5] She lives in Bebenhausen, Germany.[14] She has said that she loves to sing, play the flute and do chamber music.[6] She published a cookbook in 2006.[15]

Awards and honors

Honorary degrees

Nüsslein-Volhard has been awarded

Freiburg, Munich and Bath (July 2012).[32][33]

Memberships

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Two German women, Herta Müller and Nelly Sachs, received the Nobel Prize in Literature

References

  1. ^ a b "Professor Christiane NÜSSLEIN-VOLHARD | Jeantet". October 1, 2017. Archived from the original on October 12, 2023. Retrieved October 18, 2018.
  2. ^ "Christine Nüsslein-Volhard". Universität Münster (in German). Archived from the original on 27 November 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2020.
  3. ^ "Eric Wieschaus and Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard: "Collaborating to Find Developmental Genes"". ibiology.org. Archived from the original on 2017-07-06. Retrieved 2015-09-09.
  4. ^ a b "CNV Stiftung – Startseite". www.cnv-stiftung.de. Archived from the original on 2017-08-01. Retrieved 2006-10-09.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Lara Marks (February 2018). "A biography of Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard". Archived from the original on 2018-03-27.
  6. ^ a b c Kathy Weston (December 8, 2017). "An interview with Nobel Laureate Janni Nüsslein-Volhard". Cell Press. Archived from the original on 2021-10-22. Retrieved 2021-10-12.An interview with Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Archived 2018-10-09 at the Wayback Machine, 2017
  7. ^ "Nobelpreis für Nüsslein-Volhards Neffen". Tagblatt.de. Archived from the original on 6 October 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  8. OCLC 793770536
    .
  9. ^ "Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard – Nobel Lecture: The Identification of Genes Controlling Development in Flies and Fishes". nobelprize.org. Archived from the original on 2006-04-25. Retrieved 2004-10-25.
  10. PMID 2673683
    .
  11. .
  12. .
  13. ^ "Scopus preview – Nüsslein-Volhard, Christiane N. – Author details – Scopus". www.scopus.com. Archived from the original on 27 December 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2023.
  14. ^ Müssigmann, Lena (19 October 2017). "Am Wochenende ist sie nicht mehr im Büro". Der Spiegel (in German). Hamburg. Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  15. .
  16. ^ "Liste der Leibniz-Preisträgerinnen und Preisträger 1986 – 2018" (PDF). www.dfg.de. 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  17. ^ "1991 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award". www.laskerfoundation.org. 2018. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  18. ^ "Keith R. Porter Lecture Award". www.ascb.org. 2018. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  19. ^ "Laureates General Motors Cancer Research Awards PDF" (PDF). Cancer Research. 59 (7_Supplement): 1673s. 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  20. ^ "Horwitz Prize Awardees". www.cuimc.columbia.edu. 2018. Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  21. ^ "Previous award winners". www.otto-warburg-medaille.org. 2018. Archived from the original on 4 November 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  22. ^ "Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Curriculum Vitae". Archived from the original on 25 January 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
  23. ^ "FORTY YEARS OF FEBS – A memoir" (PDF). 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  24. ^ "Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard: Ernst Schering Prize 1993". scheringstiftung.de. 2018. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  25. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995". www.nobelprize.org. 2018. Archived from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  26. ^ a b "Pour le Mérite: Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard" (PDF). www.orden-pourlemerite.de. 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  27. ^ "Who's Who: Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard". www.whoswho.de. 2018. Archived from the original on 10 October 2018. Retrieved 5 October 2018.
  28. ^ "Reply to a parliamentary question" (PDF) (in German). p. 1918. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2012.
  29. ^ "Bayerischer Maximiliansorden für Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard". tuebingen.mpg.de (in German). Tübingen: Max Planck Institut. 26 November 2014. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  30. ^ "Der Schillerpreis der Stadt Marbach am Neckar 2019 wird Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard verliehen". Max-Planck-Campus Tübingen (in German). 8 April 2019. Archived from the original on 21 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  31. .
  32. ^ "Prof. Dr. Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, Curriculum Vitae". mpg.de. Munich: Max Planck Society. 2019. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  33. ^ a b "University of Bath confers honorary doctorate to Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard". tuebingen.mpg.de. Tübingen: Max Planck Institut Tübingen. 2019. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  34. ^ "Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Curriculum Vitae". nobelprize.org. Stockholm: Nobel Media AB. 2019. Archived from the original on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  35. ^ "Honorary Degree Recipients, 1748–2001". rbsc.princeton.edu/. 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  36. ^ "Fakultät für Biologie". www.uniarchiv.uni-freiburg.de. 2018. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  37. ^ "Honorary Degrees". www.harvard.edu. 2018. Archived from the original on 4 November 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  38. ^ "Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Academia Europaea membership page". www.ae-info.org. 2018. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  39. ^ "Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard HAS membership page". www.haw.uni-heidelberg.de. 2018. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  40. ^ "Dr Christiane Nusslein-Volhard ForMemRS". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 2015-10-04.
  41. ^ "Fellows of the Royal Society". London: Royal Society. Archived from the original on 2015-03-16.
  42. ^ "Fellowship of the Royal Society 1660–2015". Royal Society. Archived from the original on 2015-10-15.
  43. ^ "Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard NAS membership page". www.nasonline.org. 2018. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  44. ^ "Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard Leopoldina membership page". www.leopoldina.org. 2018. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  45. ^ "Christiane Nusslein-Volhard". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Archived from the original on 2021-12-20. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  46. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2021-12-20.
  47. ^ "EMBO Members: Nobel Laureates". www.embo.org. 2018. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 5 October 2018.

External links

  • Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard on Nobelprize.org Edit this at Wikidata including the Nobel Lecture on 8 December 1995 The Identification of Genes Controlling Development in Flies and Fishes