Christianity in Thailand
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Christianity was first introduced to
History
Around 1510, the Italian merchant
The modern history of Christianity in Thailand begins with the work of missionaries or foreign religious workers. In the 1550s the Portuguese mercenaries and their chaplain arrived in
The Laos Mission founded its first church, Chiang Mai Church, now known simply as First Church, Chiang Mai, in 1868. After a brief period of evangelistic success, the mission underwent a time of persecution in 1869, during which two converts were martyred. This persecution was abated in 1878 by the Edict of Religious Toleration.[3] Parishes and congregations experienced sporadic numerical growth. The activities of missionaries were predominantly in itinerant preaching, medical institutions and educational facilities as well as the introduction of technologies, methodologies and institutional culture which have been generally well received by the Thai people. They were occasionally able to mobilize large numbers of Thai helpers. Since World War II control of Christian organizations was slowly turned over to Thai Christians and the institutions integrated as private institutions in an increasingly centralized Thailand.
Relations between Christian organizations and the central government have improved. In the 1980s, Thai royal budget for programs of Christian groups appeared for the first time. Evidence of this support includes 15,000 Baht given by the
Christians made and are making substantial contributions to
Interreligious dialogue is evidenced by such programs as the
Non-denominational efforts and inter-agency coordination have involved such agencies as the Church's AIDS Ministry, Voice of Peace, Lamp of Thailand, World Vision, Worldwide Faith Missions, Christian Children's Fund, McKean Leprosy Hospital (now McKean Rehabilitation Institute), Klong Thuy Slum Ministries, and the Christian Development Fellowship. Thailand has served as the destination of choice in Asian Christian gatherings and has served as the headquarters of the Christian Conference of Asia since the handover of Hong Kong.
Numbers
There are many sources for estimating the affiliation of Thai people in Christian denominations. The primary sources are from the government population data and from the membership records of the individual denominations. Reliable data on determining religious affiliation are not based on objective standards in all cases. The most objective report that counts individuals is government census data. Less objective standards would seek to include theological criteria in the counting of members such as belief, baptism, confirmation as well as age criteria such as persons over age 12, 15, 18 or adulthood. None of these standards of various denominational data discriminate based on gender, health or ethnicity.
Government data are based on the National House Register in which heads of households register the members of the household with the local District Office. At birth, persons declare their religious affiliation in this manner. A national census is taken of this data every 10 years. As of 2000, the latest [national census data][6] currently available, 486,840 people were registered as affiliates of Christian denominations or under 1% (0.7%) of total population (60 million). Comparisons of this data to determine whether Christians in Thailand are predominantly a certain gender, age or are from urban/rural areas does not show any remarkable variation from the near 1% figure, although the age group of 10-14 shows the highest (1.0%) ratio of Christians to national population. There may be limitations to this approach to verifying religious affiliation, such as inconsistent reporting, the change of religion to Christianity of young people under their parent's house register, reversion of young people to Buddhism and local administrative bias towards Buddhism. However, no available evidence currently demonstrates these limitations. Religious denominations each report different sets of affiliation data. The next official census is scheduled for 2010.
The Church of Christ in Thailand, founded in 1932, is a member of the World Council of Churches, Christian Conference of Asia and World Reformed Alliance. The CCT generally only counts adult baptized members as reported by its districts, which the CCT then reports at its annual General Assembly meeting. In 2008,the CCT reported 120,000 members divided into 19 districts.[8] Of the parts of the Church of Christ in Thailand, 52,601 were of Baptist origin.[9] Southern Baptist Convention and Seventh-day Adventists have other criteria.
Catholicism
The earliest
By the beginning of the 20th century, there were about 23,000 Catholic adherents, 55 churches and chapels, representatives of monastic orders, and social and educational institutions (orphanages, schools and a seminary and college).
Among the Roman Catholic orders present in the country are the
Protestantism
There are several
Among the other Protestant groups represented in Thailand are
Thailand Bible Society
The Thailand Bible Society was officially established in 1966, though its organized work began in 1828. Part of the Bible in Thai was first published in 1834. The New Testament in Thai was printed for the first time in 1843. The first full text of the Bible in Thai came out in 1883.[24] In 2005, the Thailand Bible Society distributed 43,740 copies of the Bible and 9,629 copies of the New Testament in Thai language.
Eastern Orthodoxy
Besides main parish of Saint Nicholas' Chapel in Bangkok, there are several Russian Orthodox communes including:[26]
- Parish in the name of Holy Life-Giving Trinity on Phuket island,
- Parish in the name of All Saints in Chonburi province,
- Parish in the name of Holy Dormition, Ratchaburi province,
- The Holy Ascension parish in Samui island, Surat Thani province.
The mission is headed by Father Oleg Cherepanin (by 2008 information)[25] and serves not only Russian tourists and residents in Thailand, but also local believers of Thai origin.[27]
The Russian Orthodox Church has translated into the Thai language the
The
Freedom of religion
Due to ethnic violence in the south, in 2023, the country was scored 3 out of 4 for religious freedom.[31]
See also
Notes
References
- ^ US State Dept 2022 report
- ^ Ian Gilman and Hans-Joachim Klimkeit, Christians in Asia Before 1500 (Taylor & Francis, 1999), pp. 312–313.
- ^ Edict of Toleration herbswanson.com Archived 2010-08-02 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Minutes of the Annual Meeting of 1996, District 14, Church of Christ in Thailand (unpublished)
- ^ Pilgrimage of trust in Bangkok, Taizé Home Page
- ^ Census data tables nso.go.th
- ^ "Eft.co.th - ประวัติสหกิจคริสเตียน". Archived from the original on 2009-12-16. Retrieved 2009-07-24.
- ^ Church of Christ in Thailand. Documents of the 30th General Assembly of the Church of Christ in Thailand, October 21-24, 2008, Payap University, Chiang Mai
- ^ "Baptist World Alliance - Statistics". Archived from the original on 2008-04-18. Retrieved 2008-04-18.
- ^ a b A Brief History Of The Catholic Church In Thailand, by Fr. Surachai Chumsriphan, Society of Saint Pius X in Asia site
- ^ Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. .
- ^ "Pope Francis to visit Thailand November 20-23". Thai PBS. Agence France-Presse. 13 September 2019. Retrieved 14 September 2019.
- ^ Society of St. Pius X, District of Asia
- ^ "New Saints Faith Web website". newsaints.faithweb.com. Retrieved 2023-05-08.
- List of Roman Catholic dioceses in Thailand
- ^ Church of Christ in Thailand, Evangelical Lutheran Church in America Page
- ^ US State Department 2006 Report
- ^ "Bishop Upama Urges Congregations to Build Strong Lutheran Communion in Thailand". Archived from the original on December 6, 2010.
- ^ Mission Statement, Thailand Adventist Mission site
- ^ United Methodist Church site
- ^ Charismatic and Pentecostal Directory, Thailand section
- ^ "Teachers for Thailand | OMF". Archived from the original on 2013-09-22. Retrieved 2013-09-21.
- ^ Farrell, James Austin (July 2015). "A Fundamental Good: All Saints Inclusive Church". Chiang Mai Citylife. Retrieved 2021-07-17.
- ^ Reading the Scriptures in Thai, World Scriptures site
- ^ a b Thailand: Thai convert trains to become Russian Orthodox priest, by the Union of Catholic Asian News, August 2003
- ^ Department for External Church Relations of the Russian Orthodox Church
- ^ "Тайская миссия" ("Thai Mission"), Educational Orthodox Society "Russia in colors" in Jerusalem, in Russian
- ^ "Православная Церковь получила государственную регистрацию в Таиланде", "Pravoslavie.RU" Portal, July 2008, in Russian
- ^ History of the Holy Orthodox Church, Part V - Far Eastern Orthodoxy, The Holy Trinity Romanian Orthodox Church of Los Angeles web-site
- ^ First divine liturgy by Metropolitan Nikitas in Bangkok, Thailand, St. Luke’s Cathedral of Hong Kong web-site
- ^ Freedom House website, retrieved 2023-08-08