Christoph Martin Wieland
Christoph Martin Wieland (German:
Biography
Christoph Martin Wieland was born in
His father, who was
During the summer of 1750, he fell in love with a cousin, Sophie Gutermann, and this love affair inspired him to plan his first ambitious work, Die Natur der Dinge (The Nature of Things, 1752), a didactic poem in six books. In 1750 he went to the University of Tübingen as a student of law, but his time was mainly taken up with literary studies. The poems he wrote at the university—Hermann, an epic (published by F. Muncker, 1886), Zwölf moralische Briefe in Versen (Twelve Moral Letters in Verse, 1752), Anti-Ovid (1752)—are pietistic in tone and dominated by the influence of Klopstock.[6]
Wieland's poetry attracted the attention of the Swiss literary reformer,
Wieland's tastes had changed; the writings of his early Swiss years—Der geprüfte Abraham (The Trial of Abraham's Faith, 1753), Sympathien (1756), Empfindungen eines Christen (1757)—were still in the manner of his earlier writings, but with the tragedies, Lady Johanna Gray (1758), and Clementina von Porretta (1760)—the latter based on
Wieland's conversion was completed at Biberach, having returned in 1760 as director of the chancery. The monotony of his life here was relieved by the friendship of a Count Stadion, whose library in the castle of Warthausen, not far from Biberach, was well stocked with French and English literature. Wieland met again his early love Sophie Gutermann, who had become the wife of Hofrat La Roche, then manager of Count Stadion's estates.[6]
In Don Sylvia von Rosalva (1764), a romance in imitation of Don Quixote, he held up to ridicule his earlier faith[7] and in the Comische Erzählungen (1765) he gave his extravagant imagination only too free a rein.[6]
More important is the novel Geschichte des Agathon (1766–1767), in which, under the guise of a Greek fiction, Wieland described his own spiritual and intellectual growth. This work, which Lessing recommended as "a novel of classic taste", marks an epoch in the development of the modern
Wieland married Anna Dorothea von Hillenbrand (July 8, 1746 – November 9, 1801) on October 21, 1765. They had 14 children. Wieland's daughter Sophia Catharina Susanna Wieland (October 19, 1768 – September 1, 1837) married philosopher Karl Leonhard Reinhold (1757–1823) on May 18, 1785.
Between 1769 and 1772, Wieland was a professor of philosophy at the University of Erfurt.[6] In his Verklagter Amor ("Cupid Accused") he defended amatory poetry; and in the Dialogen des Diogenes von Sinope (1770) he gave a general vindication of his philosophical views.[citation needed]
In 1772 he published Der goldene Spiegel oder die Könige van Scheschian, a pedagogic work in the form of oriental stories; this attracted the attention of
In 1773, he founded
Politically, Wieland was a moderate
He was also a librettist for the
In Wieland's later novels, such as the Geheime Geschichte des Philosophen Peregrinus Proteus (1791) and Aristipp und einige seiner Zeitgenossen (1800–1802), a didactic and philosophic tendency obscures the small literary interest they possess. He also translated Horace's Satires (1786), Lucian's Works (1788–1789), Cicero's Letters (1808 ff.), and from 1796 to 1803 he edited the Attisches Museum which did valuable service in popularizing Greek studies.[6] Wieland was also strongly influenced by the French fairy-tale vogue of the 18th century, he published a collection of tales entitled Dschinnistan (1786–1789), which included three original tales, 'Der Stein der Weisen' ('The Philosopher's Stone'), 'Timander und Melissa', and 'Der Druide oder die Salamanderin und die Bildsäule' ('The Druid or the Salamander and the Painted Pillar'). Wieland had a strong influence on the German literature of his time.[14]
He died in Weimar.
Editions
- Wieland's Sämtliche Werke ("complete works") appeared in 1794–1802, 45 vols. Collections of Wieland's letters were edited by his son Ludwig (1815) and by H. Gessner (1815–1816); his Letters to Sophie Laroche by F. Horn (1820).
- Later Editions of Wieland's Sämtliche Werke: 1818–1828, 53 vols.,1839–1840, 36 vols., and 1853–1858, 36 vols. Then 1879–1882 in 40 vols., edited by H. Düntzer. There are numerous editions of selected works, notably by Heinrich Pröhle in Kürschner's Deutsche Nationalliteratur (vols. 51-56, 1883–1887); by F. Muncker (6 vols., 1889); by W. Bolsche (4 vols., 1902).
- Gesammelte Schriften, Abt. I: Werke. Abt. II: Übersetzungen, ed. by Deutsche Kommission der Königlich Preußischen Akademie der Wissenschaften [since 1945 ed. by Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin; since 1969 ed. by Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR by Hans Werner Seiffert], Berlin 1909–1975. Completed volumes with accompanying commentary: I/6, I/9, I/12-15, I/18, I/20-23, II/1-3; volumes without accompanying commentary: I/1, I/2, I/3, I/4, I/7, I/10, I/17, II/4, II/9-10; volumes missing: I/5, I/16, I/19, II/5-8. [critical edition]
- Wielands Briefwechsel, 20 volumes, ed. by Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut für deutsche Sprache und Literatur [since vol. 2, 1968 by Hans Werner Seiffert; since vol. 3, 1975 ed. by Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, Zentralinstitut für Literaturgeschichte by Hans Werner Seiffert; since vol. 7, 1992 ed. by Akademie der Wissenschaften Berlin by Siegfried Scheibe; since 1993 by Berlin-Brandenburgischen Akademie der Wissenschaften by Siegfried Scheibe], Berlin, 1963–2007.
- Wielands Werke. Historisch-kritische Ausgabe, edited by Klaus Manger and Jan Philipp Reemtsma. Berlin/New York 2008 f.[15] [critical edition]
Notes
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (February 2022) |
- ^ Swales, Martin. The German Bildungsroman from Wieland to Hesse. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978. 38.
- ^ Rasmussen, Dennis C. (2014). The Pragmatic Enlightenment. Cambridge University Press. p. 12.
- ^ Carter, April (2013). The Political Theory of Global Citizenship. Routledge.
- ISBN 9780674015036.
- ^ "Ortsteil Oberholzheim" (in German). Gemeinde Achstetten. Retrieved 23 February 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l public domain: Robertson, John George (1911). "Wieland, Christoph Martin". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 621–622. One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
- ^ Martens, A. Untersuchungen über Wieland's Don Sylvio mit Berücksichtigung der übrigen Dichtungen der Biberacher Zeit (1901)
- ^ Meisnest, F. W. Wieland's translation of Shakespeare (1914)
- ^ Ham, Edith M. Wieland's "Neuer Amadis" (1919)
- ^ Lawrence, Richard (July 2008). "Schweitzer, A Alceste". Gramophone. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
- ^ Niekerk, Carl (2018). The Radical Enlightenment in Germany: A Cultural Perspective. BRILL. p. 79.
- ^ Melanson, Terry: Some Original Writings of the Order of the Illuminati (pp. 26–43)
- ^ Seuffert, B. Wielands Abderiten (1878)
- ^ Critique of Judgment, 5:309.
- ^ "Wieland Edition - Home". University of Jena. Archived from the original on 23 February 2010. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
Further reading
- J. G. Gruber, C.M. Wielands Leben (4 vols., 1827–1828)
- Heinrich Doring, C.M. Wieland (1853); Christoph Martin Wieland, ein biographisches Denkmal(1840)
- J. W. Loebell, C.M. Wieland (1858)
- Heinrich Pröhle, Lessing, Wieland, Heinse (1877)
- L. F. Ofterdinger, Wielands Leben und Wirken in Schwaben und in der Schweiz (1877)
- R. Keil, Wieland und Reinhold (1885)
- F. Thalmeyr, Über Wielands Klassizität, Sprache und SM (1894)
- M. Doll, Wieland und die Antike (1896)
- K. Buchner, Wieland und die Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. Zur Geschichte deutscher Literatur und deutschen Buchhandels (1871)
- See also M. Koch's article in the Allgemeine deutsche Biographie (1897)
- C. A. Behmer, Sterne und Wieland (1899)
- J. M. R. Lenz, Vertheidigung des Herrn Wieland gegen die Wolken (1902)
- W. Lenz, Wielands Verhältnis zu Spenser, Pope und Swift (1903)
- L. Hirzel, Wielands Beziehungen zu den deutschen Romantikern (1904)
- E. Haman, Wielands Bildungsideal (1907)
- C. Elson, Wieland and Shaftesbury (1913)
- H. Behme, Heinrich von Kleist und C.M. Wieland (1914)
- V. Michel, C.M. Wieland, la formation et l'évolution de son esprit jusqu'en 1772 (1938)
- M. G. Bach Wieland's attitude toward woman and her cultural and social relations (1966)
- Jan Philipp Reemtsma, Das Buch vom Ich: Christoph Martin Wielands »Aristipp und einige seiner Zeitgenossen« (1993)
- Jan Philipp Reemtsma, Der Liebe Maskentanz: Aufsätze zum Werk Christoph Martin Wielands (1999)
References
- Elizabeth Barnes: "Loving with a Vengeance: Wieland, Familicide and the Crisis of Masculinity in the Early Nation". In: Milette Shamir und Jennifer Travis: Boys Don’t Cry? Rethinking Narratives of Masculinity and Emotion in the U.S. Columbia University Press: New York, 2002, S. 44–63.
- Reynolds, Francis J., ed. (1921). Collier's New Encyclopedia. New York: P. F. Collier & Son Company. .
- Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). Encyclopedia Americana. .
- Giorgia Sogos: Christoph Martin Wieland alla corte della duchessa Anna Amalia. In: Ders. Stefan Zweig, der Kosmopolit. Studiensammlung über seine Werke und andere Beiträge. Eine kritische Analyse. Free Pen Verlag Bonn 2017, ISBN 978-3-945177-43-3.
External links
- Quotations related to Christoph Martin Wieland at Wikiquote
- Media related to Christoph Martin Wieland at Wikimedia Commons
- Works by Christoph Martin Wieland at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about Christoph Martin Wieland at Internet Archive
- Works by Christoph Martin Wieland at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
- Der Teutsche Merkur, vols. 1773-89 are digitized (April 2003)
- Wieland, Christoph Martin (1887). [Opere]. 1. Berlin und Stüttgart: W. Spemann.
- Wieland, Christoph Martin (1887). Oberon und Erzahlungen und Marchen in Versen. Berlin und Stüttgart: W. Spemann.
- Wieland, Christoph Martin (1887). Geschichte der Abderiten. Berlin und Stüttgart: W. Spemann.
- Wieland, Christoph Martin (1887). Aristipp. 1. Berlin und Stüttgart: W. Spemann.
- Wieland, Christoph Martin (1887). Aristipp. 2. Berlin und Stüttgart: W. Spemann.
- Wieland, Christoph Martin (1887). [Opere]. 2. Berlin und Stüttgart: W. Spemann.
- Wieland, Christoph Martin (c. 1910). Geschichte des Agathon. 1. Berlin [etc.]: Bong & Co.
- Wieland, Christoph Martin (c. 1910). Aufsätze. Berlin [etc.]: Bong & Co.
- Wieland, Christoph Martin (c. 1910). Geschichte des Agathon. 2. Berlin [etc.]: Bong & Co.
- Wieland, Christoph Martin (c. 1910). Geschichte des Agathon. 3. Berlin [etc.]: Bong & Co.
- Wieland, Christoph Martin (c. 1910). Oberon. Berlin [etc.]: Bong & Co.
- Wieland, Christoph Martin (c. 1910). Verserzählungen. 1. Berlin [etc.]: Bong & Co.
- Wieland, Christoph Martin (c. 1910). Verserzählungen. 2. Berlin [etc.]: Bong & Co.
- Wieland, Christoph Martin (c. 1910). Gottergesprache. 1. Berlin [etc.]: Bong & Co.
- Wieland, Christoph Martin (c. 1910). Nachlass des Diogenes von Sinope. Berlin [etc.]: Bong & Co.