Isotopes of chromium

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Chromium-51
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Isotopes of chromium (24Cr)
Main isotopes[1] Decay
abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct
50Cr 4.34%
stable
51Cr synth 27.7025 d ε
51V
γ
 		–
52Cr 83.8% stable
53Cr 9.50% stable
54Cr 2.37% stable
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    • Naturally occurring

    meta states
    , 45mCr, the more stable one, and 59mCr, the least stable isotope or isomer.

    53Cr is the

    isotope geology. Mn-Cr isotope ratios reinforce the evidence from 26Al and 107Pd for the early history of the Solar System. Variations in 53Cr/52Cr and Mn/Cr ratios from several meteorites indicate an initial 53Mn/55Mn ratio that suggests Mn-Cr isotope systematics must result from in-situ decay of 53Mn in differentiated planetary bodies. Hence 53Cr provides additional evidence for nucleosynthetic processes immediately before coalescence of the Solar System. The same isotope is preferentially involved in certain leaching reactions, thereby allowing its abundance in seawater sediments to be used as a proxy for atmospheric oxygen concentrations.[4]

    The isotopes of chromium range from 42Cr to 70Cr. The primary

    decay mode before the most abundant stable isotope, 52Cr, is electron capture and the primary mode after is beta decay
    .

    List of isotopes

    Nuclide
    [n 1]     		Z N Isotopic mass (Da)
    [n 2][n 3]     		Half-life
    [n 4]
    Decay
    mode
    [n 5]
    		 Daughter
    isotope
    [n 6]
    Spin and
    parity
    [n 7][n 4]
    		 Natural abundance (mole fraction)
    Excitation energy[n 4] Normal proportion Range of variation
    42Cr 24 18 42.00643(32)# 14(3) ms
    [13(+4-2) ms]     		β+ (>99.9%) 42V 0+
    2p (<.1%) 40Ti
    43Cr 24 19 42.99771(24)# 21.6(7) ms β+ (71%) 43V (3/2+)
    β+, p (23%) 42Ti
    β+, 2p (6%) 41Sc
    β+, α (<.1%) 39Sc
    44Cr 24 20 43.98555(5)# 54(4) ms
    [53(+4-3) ms]     		β+ (93%) 44V 0+
    β+, p (7%) 43Ti
    45Cr 24 21 44.97964(54) 50(6) ms β+ (73%) 45V 7/2−#
    β+, p (27%) 44Ti
    45mCr 50(100)# keV 1# ms
    IT
    		 45Cr 3/2+#
    β+ 45V
    46Cr 24 22 45.968359(21) 0.26(6) s β+ 46V 0+
    47Cr 24 23 46.962900(15) 500(15) ms β+ 47V 3/2−
    48Cr 24 24 47.954032(8) 21.56(3) h β+ 48V 0+
    49Cr 24 25 48.9513357(26) 42.3(1) min β+ 49V 5/2−
    50Cr 24 26 49.9460442(11)
    Observationally Stable[n 8]
    		 0+ 0.04345(13) 0.04294–0.04345
    51Cr 24 27 50.9447674(11) 27.7025(24) d EC 51V 7/2−
    52Cr 24 28 51.9405075(8) Stable 0+ 0.83789(18) 0.83762–0.83790
    53Cr 24 29 52.9406494(8) Stable 3/2− 0.09501(17) 0.09501–0.09553
    54Cr 24 30 53.9388804(8) Stable 0+ 0.02365(7) 0.02365–0.02391
    55Cr 24 31 54.9408397(8) 3.497(3) min β− 55Mn 3/2−
    56Cr 24 32 55.9406531(20) 5.94(10) min β− 56Mn 0+
    57Cr 24 33 56.943613(2) 21.1(10) s β− 57Mn (3/2−)
    58Cr 24 34 57.94435(22) 7.0(3) s β− 58Mn 0+
    59Cr 24 35 58.94859(26) 460(50) ms β− 59Mn 5/2−#
    59mCr 503.0(17) keV 96(20) µs (9/2+)
    60Cr 24 36 59.95008(23) 560(60) ms β− 60Mn 0+
    61Cr 24 37 60.95472(27) 261(15) ms β− (>99.9%) 61Mn 5/2−#
    β−, n (<.1%) 60Mn
    62Cr 24 38 61.95661(36) 199(9) ms β− (>99.9%) 62Mn 0+
    β−, n 61Mn
    63Cr 24 39 62.96186(32)# 129(2) ms β− 63Mn (1/2−)#
    β−, n 62Mn
    64Cr 24 40 63.96441(43)# 43(1) ms β− 64Mn 0+
    65Cr 24 41 64.97016(54)# 27(3) ms β− 65Mn (1/2−)#
    66Cr 24 42 65.97338(64)# 10(6) ms β− 66Mn 0+
    67Cr 24 43 66.97955(75)# 10# ms
    [>300 ns]     		β− 67Mn 1/2−#
    68Cr[5] 24 44 67.98316(54)# 10# ms
    (>620 ns)     		β−?[n 9] 68Mn 0+
    β−, n?[n 9] 67Mn
    β−, 2n?[n 9] 66Mn
    69Cr[6] 24 45 68.98966(54)# 6# ms
    (>620 ns)     		β−?[n 9] 69Mn 7/2+#
    β−, n?[n 9] 68Mn
    β−, 2n?[n 9] 67Mn
    70Cr[6] 24 46 69.99395(64)# 6# ms
    (>620 ns)     		β−?[n 9] 70Mn 0+
    β−, n?[n 9] 69Mn
    β−, 2n?[n 9] 68Mn
    This table header & footer:
    1. ^ mCr – Excited nuclear isomer.
    2. ^ ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
    3. ^ # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
    4. ^ a b c # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
    5. ^ Modes of decay:
      EC: Electron capture
      IT:
      Isomeric transition


      p: Proton emission
    6. ^ Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
    7. ^ ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
    8. ^ Suspected of decaying by double electron capture to 50Ti with a half-life of no less than 1.3×1018 a
    9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Decay mode shown is energetically allowed, but has not been experimentally observed to occur in this nuclide.

    Chromium-51

    Chromium-51 is a synthetic radioactive isotope of chromium having a half-life of 27.7 days and decaying by electron capture with emission of gamma rays (0.32 MeV); it is used to label red blood cells for measurement of mass or volume, survival time, and sequestration studies, for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding, and to label platelets to study their survival. It has a role as a radioactive label. Chromium Cr-51 has been used as a radioactive label for decades. It is used as a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical agent in nephrology to determine glomerular filtration rate, and in hematology to determine red blood cell volume or mass, study the red blood cell survival time and evaluate blood loss.[7]

    External links

    References

    1. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae
      .
    2. ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Chromium". CIAAW. 1983.
    3. ISSN 1365-3075
      .
    4. ^ R. Frei; C. Gaucher; S. W. Poulton; D. E. Canfield (2009). "Fluctuations in Precambrian atmospheric oxygenation recorded by chromium isotopes".
      S2CID 4373201
      .
    5. S2CID 42329617
      . Retrieved 3 January 2023.
    6. ^
      doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.87.054612
      .
    7. ^ "Chromium-51".
    Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isotopes_of_chromium&oldid=1188206188#Chromium-51"