Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages
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Chukotko-Kamchatkan | |
---|---|
Chukchi–Kamchatkan, Luorawetlan | |
Geographic distribution | Russian Far East |
Linguistic classification | One of the world's primary language families |
Proto-language | Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan |
Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | chuk1271 |
The distribution of Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages (red) in the 17th century (hatching, approximate) and at the end of the 20th century (solid). |
The Chukotko-Kamchatkan or Chukchi–Kamchatkan languages are a
While the family is sometimes grouped
Alternative names
Less commonly encountered names for the family are Chukchian, Chukotian, Chukotan, Kamchukchee and Kamchukotic. Of these, Chukchian, Chukotian and Chukotan are ambiguous, since the three terms are sometimes used to refer specifically to the family's northern branch; the last two names are portmanteau words referring to both branches.
In addition, Luorawetlan (also spelled Luoravetlan) has been in wide use since 1775 as a name for the family, although it is properly the self-designation of one of its constituent languages, Chukchi.
Languages
The Chukotko-Kamchatkan family consists of two distantly related
The relationship of the Chukotkan languages to Itelmen is at best distant, and has been met with only partial acceptance by scholars.
All the Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages are under pressure from Russian. Almost all speakers are bilingual in Russian, and few members of the ethnic groups associated with the languages born after 1970 speak any language but Russian.
The accepted classification is this:
Relation to other language families
The Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages have no generally accepted relation to any other language family. There are several theories about possible relationships to existing or hypothetical language families.
Paleosiberian
The Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages are sometimes classified among the
Eurasiatic
While the Eurasiatic hypothesis has been well received by
Uralo-Siberian
In 1998,
Chukotko-Kamchatkan–Amuric
In 2011, Fortescue instead suggested that
See also
- Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan
- Kamchadal
References
- Russian Census (2010); see also Demographics of Siberia.
- ^ Gell-Mann et al., pp. 13–30
- ^ Fortescue, M. (1998). Language Relations Across Bering Strait
- .
- ^ Fortescue 2011, p. 1361: "I would no longer wish to relate CK directly to [Uralo-Siberian], although I believe that some of the lexical evidence [...] will hold up in terms of borrowing/diffusion."
- Baldi, Philip. 2002. The Foundations of Latin. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
- Fortescue, Michael. 1998. Language Relations Across Bering Strait. London: Cassell & Co.
- Fortescue, Michael. 2005. Comparative Chukotko–Kamchatkan Dictionary. Trends in Linguistics 23. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
- Fortescue, Michael (2011). "The relationship of Nivkh to Chukotko-Kamchatkan revisited". Lingua. 121 (8): 1359–1376. .
- Greenberg, Joseph H. 2000. Indo-European and Its Closest Relatives: The Eurasiatic Language Family. Volume 1, Grammar. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
- Greenberg, Joseph H. 2002. Indo-European and Its Closest Relatives: The Eurasiatic Language Family. Volume 2, Lexicon. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
- Gell-Mann, Murray; Ilia Peiros; George Starostin (2009). "Distant Language Relationship: The Current Perspective" (PDF). Journal of Language Relationship (1).