Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul, Ras
Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul Црква Светих апостола Петра и Павла Crkva Svetih apostola Petra i Pavla | |
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Serbian Orthodox | |
Rite | Byzantine Rite |
Location | |
Location | Novi Pazar, Serbia |
Architecture | |
Style | Early Byzantine |
Completed | 9th century (4th century foundation) |
Dome(s) | 1 |
Europe and North America | |
Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance | |
Designated | 1979 |
Reference no. | SK 182 |
The Church of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (
It was founded in the 4th century
History
Early
The exact date of founding is unknown; it is mentioned in the 9th century as the seat of the eparchy of Serbia (see
The present church has been built on several earlier churches of which remains have been well preserved. The foundation of the church, the massive columns, ground-plan and the octagonal tower which conceals an inner cupola are examples of the circular mausoleal architectural type used after
Archaeological findings point that the church has been rebuilt several times in history, beginning in the 4th century, with notable additions made in the 7th century. The architectural style resembles that of early churches in Pomorje, Armenia, Georgia, and Italy, dated to between the 7th and 9th centuries.[citation needed] Whether there was a Byzantine sanctuary on the site of the church is a matter of scholarly dispute and that "traces of Early Byzantine architecture or traces from that epoch in general, were not recorded around Petrova crkva".[4]
Middle Ages
The
The foundation of the episcopy which centre was this church can be dated to the first half of the 10th century.[8] The imperial charter of Basil II from 1020 to the Archbishopric of Ohrid, in which the rights and jurisdictions were established, mentions that the Episcopy of Ras belonged to the Bulgarian autocephal church during the time of Peter I (927–969) and Samuel of Bulgaria (977–1014).[9][10] The episcopy was of a small size.[8] It is considered that it was possibly founded by the Bulgarian emperor,[11][12] or it is the latest date when could have been integrated to the Bulgarian Church.[13] If previously existed, it probably was part of the Bulgarian metropolis of Morava, but certainly not of Durrës.[14] If it was on the Serbian territory, seems that the Church in Serbia or part of the territory of Serbia became linked and influenced by the Bulgarian Church between 870 and 924.[15][16][17] Anyway, the church would have been protected by Bulgarian controlled forts.[18]
By the mid-12th century, after constant conflicts between the Bulgarians, Byzantines and Serbs, the area of Ras was finally conquered and controlled by the Serbs, who greatly renovated it hence becoming centre of defence and residency for the
Rastko left Serbia in 1192 for
]The ancient cell of Helandaris was donated by Emperor Alexios III Angelos (1195-1203) "to the Serbs as an eternal gift..." and Stefan Nemanja establishes and endows the monastery in 1198 (before 13 February 1199).[22]
Nemanja died at Hilandar in 1199, while Sava continued his work in establishing the Serbian church.
Early modern
After
Metropolitan Arsenije IV Jovanović Šakabenta restored the church in 1728. During the 18th century, the church had the rank of Metropolitanate, and after 1784, the Eparchy of Raška is organized into the Eparchy of Prizren. In the 1830s, the church is built on and restored. Shortly thereafter, the Ottomans took over the church and use it as an ammunition magazine. Since the First Balkan War (1912), it has been a functioning church.[citation needed]
Contemporary
Conservatory work was done in the late 1950s and early 1960s. The
The church's walls were defaced with graffiti on 6 April 2008. The police have not officially concluded who perpetrated the act or why.[25]
Gallery
-
"At this place, Serbian national councils were held in the 12th century"
-
Fresco of Saint Nicholas
-
Cupola.
-
Medieval gate, remnant of capital walls
See also
- Other oldest churches
- Church of St. George, Sofia, the oldest church in Bulgaria
- Church of Holy Cross, Nin, the oldest church in Croatia
- Panagia Ekatontapiliani, the oldest church in Greece
- Densuş Church, the oldest church in Romania
- Tkhaba-Yerdy Church, the oldest church in Russia
- Etchmiadzin Cathedral, the oldest church in Armenia, and the world (UNESCO)
References
- ^ a b c Bradt, Serbia[page needed]
- ^ Trebenishte: the fortunes of an unusual excavation – M. Stibbe, Rastko Vasić[page needed]
- ^ a b c "Panacomp – the Church of St. Apostles Peter and Paul". Archived from the original on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ Popović 1999, p. 297, 399.
- ^ The entry of the Slavs into Christendom, p. 208
- ^ Popović 1999, p. 37.
- ^ Bulić 2013, p. 216.
- ^ a b Popović 1999, p. 38.
- ^ Komatina 2015, pp. 717.
- ^ Komatina 2016, pp. 76, 89–90.
- ^ Popović 1999, p. 401.
- ^ Ćirković 2004, pp. 20, 30.
- ^ Komatina 2016, pp. 76–77.
- ^ Komatina 2016, pp. 75, 88–91.
- ^ Komatina 2015, pp. 717–718.
- ^ Komatina 2016, pp. 77, 91.
- ^ Špehar 2010, pp. 203, 216.
- ^ Špehar 2019, p. 122.
- ^ Popović 1999, p. 38, 299–306, 402.
- ^ a b Đuro Šurmin, Povjest književnosti hrvatske i srpske, 1808, p. 229
- ^ The entry of the Slavs into Christendom, p. 218
- ^ Tibor Zivkovic – Charters of the Serbian rulers related to Kosovo and Metochia, p. 15
- ^ Petarzoric (PDF), Alan Watson, archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2011
- ^ p. 118
- ^ "Oldest Orthodox church in Balkans (Serbian Orthodox Church) defaced". Spc.rs. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 8 August 2014.
Sources
- Bulić, Dejan (2013). "The Fortifications of the Late Antiquity and the Early Byzantine Period on the Later Territory of the South-Slavic Principalities, and their re-occupation". The World of the Slavs: Studies of the East, West and South Slavs: Civitas, Oppidas, Villas and Archeological Evidence (7th to 11th Centuries AD). Istorijski institut SANU. pp. 137–234. ISBN 9788677431044.
- ISBN 9781405142915.
- Mrkobrad, D. "Ras-Postenje, researches of the space north from the central gate on the northeastern wall", Glasnik Srpskog arheološkog društva, no. 13, 1997.
- Александар Дероко, „Монументална и декоративна архитектура у средњовековној Србији“ Београд 1985.
- Јован Деретић, „Културна историја Срба“, Крагујевац 2001; ISBN 86-7247-009-5
- Више аутора, "Нови Пазар и околина", Београд, 1969.
- Шишић, Фердо, ed. (1928). Летопис Попа Дукљанина (Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja). Београд-Загреб: Српска краљевска академија.
- Кунчер, Драгана (2009). Gesta Regum Sclavorum. Vol. 1. Београд-Никшић: Историјски институт, Манастир Острог.
- Живковић, Тибор (2009). Gesta Regum Sclavorum. Vol. 2. Београд-Никшић: Историјски институт, Манастир Острог.
- .
- Komatina, Ivana (2016). Црква и држава у српским земљама од XI до XIII века [Church and State in the Serbian Lands from the XIth to the XIIIth Century]. Београд: Institute of History. ISBN 9788677431136.
- Komatina, Predrag (2015). "The Church in Serbia at the Time of Cyrilo-Methodian Mission in Moravia". Cyril and Methodius: Byzantium and the World of the Slavs. Thessaloniki: Dimos. pp. 711–718.
- Popović, Marko (1999). Tvrđava Ras [The Fortress of Ras] (in Serbian). Belgrade: Archaeological Institute. ISBN 9788680093147.
- Špehar, Perica N. (2010). "By Their Fruit you will recognize them - Christianization of Serbia in Middle Ages". Tak więc po owocach poznacie ich. Poznań: Stowarzyszenie naukowe archeologów Polskich. pp. 203–220.
- Špehar, Perica N. (2019). "Reocupation of the Late Antique Fortifications on the central Balkans during the Early Middle Ages". Fortifications, Defence Systems, Structures, and Features in the Past. Zagreb: Institute of Archaeology.
- ISBN 9780521074599.
- Živković, Tibor (2013a). "On the Baptism of the Serbs and Croats in the Time of Basil I (867–886)" (PDF). Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana (1): 33–53.