Cicadas in mythology
Cicada lore and mythology is rich and varied as there are c. 2500 species of cicada throughout the world, many of which are undescribed and remain a mystery to science. Cicada has been prized as a delicacy, and[1] are famed throughout the world for their song.
The cicada is an animal replete with symbolism: recurring themes are resurrection, immortality, spiritual realization and spiritual ecstasy. For the Ancient Greeks and Romans they sang ecstatically, were sacred to
Eunomos and his cithara
Egan (1994) cites several Greek sources that tell the story of
Aristotle
Phaedrus, Plato and Socrates
In
These cicadas are not simply decorative; they add a profound metaphor, transcendent musical motif and a liminal aspect to the dialogue of Socrates and Phaedrus.
It is in Phaedrus that Socrates states that some of life's greatest blessings flow from mania[5] specifically in the four kinds of mania: (1) prophetic; (2) poetic; (3) cathartic; and (4) erotic. It is in this context that Socrates' Myth of the Cicadas is presented. The Cicadas chirp and watch to see whether their music lulls humans to laziness or whether the humans can resist their sweet song. Cicadas were once humans who, in ancient times, allowed the first Muses to enchant them into singing and dancing for so long they stopped eating and sleeping and died without noticing. The Muses rewarded them with the gift of never needing food or sleep, and of singing from birth to death. The task of the Cicadas is to watch humans and report who honors the Muses and who does not.
In the dialogue, Socrates affirms that
Notes
- ^ Dalby (2003: p.86) states that: "The cicada was a better-known food in Greece than in Rome. The grubs or nymphs were nicer to eat than the mature insects, says Aristotle. Boiled cicada was recommended in the treatment of bladder disorders. The cicada is Greek tettix, Latin cicada."
- ^ The cithara, as an instrument of professional musicians, is an attribute of Apollo.
- ^ Aristotle, History of Animals, Bk. 5, Ch. 30, 556b6-14.
- ^ Phaedrus is Plato's only dialogue set with Socrates in the country outside of Athens.
- ^ Plato's Phaedrus, R. Hackforth, 1952, Cambridge U. Press
See also
References
- Clausen, Lucy W. (1954). Insect Fact and Folklore. Macmillan, New York.
- Craig, Owen (2001). The Summer of Singing Cicadas (February - Scribbly Gum - ABC Science Online).
- Riegel, Garland (1994). Cicada in Chinese Folklore'. Melsheimer Entomological Series. Third issue, November 1994.
- Egan, Rory B. (1994). Cicada in Ancient Greece. Third issue, November 1994.
- Myers, J.G. (1929). Insect Singers: a Natural History of the Cicadas. Routledge.
- Ramel, Gordon (2005). The Singing Cicadas.
- Dalby, Andrew (2003). Food in the Ancient World: from A to Z. Routledge.
- ISBN 978-0-89281-374-2
- ISBN 0-89281-355-5