Cihai

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Cihai
Chinese name
Hanyu Pinyin
Cíhǎi
Wade–GilesTz'u-hai
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationChi4hoi2
Korean nameHangul사해Japanese nameKanji辞海Hiraganaじかい

The Cihai is a large-scale

reference works[2]
calls the Cihai an "outstanding dictionary".

Contents

The Cihai is a semi-encyclopedic dictionary and enters Chinese words from many fields of knowledge, such as history, science, mathematics, philosophy, medicine, and law.

Chinese lexicography dichotomizes

Chinese characters and modern cídiǎn (辭典 "word/phrase dictionary") for spoken expressions. For example, the Hanyu Da Zidian for characters and Hanyu Da Cidian
for words. The Cihai, as the title indicates, is a cídiǎn.

The American sinologist George A. Kennedy, who wrote a student's guide to using the Cihai as the basis for sinological studies, said the dictionary's principal values are its "explanations for phrases and compound expressions"[3] and "citations illustrating the use of words and expressions."[4]

History

1937 first edition Cihai

The Cihai originated when

wenyan "literary Chinese".[6] The Taiwan branch of Zhonghua published a Cihai reprint in 1956 with minor revisions additions and corrections.[7]

Plans for a second edition began after a 1958 conference about revising the Cihai and Ciyuan. The Cihai Editorial Committee organized over 5000 scholars and specialists to undertake the new compilation, concentrating on revising the first edition entries and adding modern terminology, especially scientific and technical terminology. Reinhard Hartmann describes the editorial work of revising Cihai as taking "a tortuous course, 22 years from start to finish".[6] After the original editor-in-chief Shu Xincheng died in 1960, he was succeeded by Chen Wangdao, who died in 1977, and was succeeded by Xia Zhengnong (夏征农, 1904–2008). From 1961 to 1962, sixteen shiyong (試用 "trial") individual subject-matter fascicles were distributed for comments by specialists, and in 1965 a weidinggao (未定稿 "draft manuscript") Cihai was completed, but the anti-intellectualism of the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976) halted editorial work.[8] Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House (上海辭書出版社) published the three-volume revised edition Cihai in 1979 and a condensed single-volume version in 1980.

The revised 1979 edition has the same title and layout as the original 1936 edition, but serves a much different purpose.

stroke numbers. The third volume appends useful charts (e.g., a chronology of Chinese history), tables (weights and measures), lists (Ethnic minorities in China
), and a pinyin index to single characters.

The 1989 three-volume edition Cihai was also compiled with Xia Zhengnong as editor-in-chief. It focused upon the addition of 20th-century terms, more proper names, and technical vocabulary. This third edition Cihai contains 16,534 head characters, with more than 120,000 entries, totaling over 15.8 million characters.[9]

1999 compact fourth edition Cihai

The 1999 Cihai contains 17,674 head characters, 122,835 entries, totaling more than 19.8 million characters. This fourth edition dictionary added many color tables and illustrations. Arrangement is by radicals and there are stroke-count, four-corner, pinyin, and foreign-language indexes.[5] It was also published in a compact version.

Cihai was consulted in the writing of The First Series of Standardized Forms of Words with Non-standardized Variant Forms.[10]: 3 

The 2009 fifth edition Cihai contains more than 127,200 entries, arranged by pinyin, with over 22 million characters total. Chen Zhili replaced Xia Zhengnong as chief editor, and lexicographers deleted about 7,000 entries for outdated terms and added almost 10,000 for neologisms. Volumes 1-4 contain text, with many color illustrations, and Volume 5 contains indexes.

The Dacihai (大辞海 "Great sea of words") is a 38-volume encyclopedia project that began in 2004, and published the first volumes in 2008.

Publications

Cihai by Chung Hwa Book Company, Limited

  • 1st edition
  • 2nd edition (最新增訂本《辭海》/辭海最新增訂本) (1979(1980?)): Added 30,000 entries and phonetic symbols. 3 volumes.
  • 3rd edition (辭海續編) (1985): Added 1 million letters. 4 volumes (3+1 supplement).
    • 10th revision (2000–05)
    • 10th revision reprint (2014-01)
    • Wolf skin pattern gold collector edition (狼皮紋金裝典藏版) (
      ISBN 978-957-43-0192-8
      ): Published in 2015-02-01.

Cihai by Chung Hwa Book Company (Hong Kong) Limited

Cihai by New Star Press

Cihai by Zhonghua Book Company

  • 1st edition
  • 2nd edition
    • Test edition (《辭海》試行本) (1961-09-1961-11): 16 volumes.[12]
      • Language and words (《語詞》): 2 volumes.
      • Philosophy (《哲學》)
      • Economy (《經濟》)
      • Politics and law (《政治法律》)
      • International (《國際》)
      • Race and religion (《民族、宗教》)
      • Culture and education (《文化、教育》)
      • History (《歷史》)
      • Geography (《地理》)
      • Literature and language (《文學、語言文字》)
      • Arts (《藝術》)
      • Natural science 1 (《自然科學（1）》)
      • Natural science 2 (《自然科學（2）》)
      • Agriculture (《農業》)
      • Medicine and health (《醫藥衛生》)
      • Engineering and technology (《工程技術》)
      • index?[clarification needed] (《總詞目》) (1962-04):
    • Draft edition (《辭海》未定稿) (1965-04): An internally published draft based on the 1963 internal publication. 2 volumes.

Cihai by Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House

Cihai edition dictionaries by Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House

Cihai edition dictionaries are specialized dictionaries for languages.

Cihai by Tung Hua Book Co., Ltd.

Cihai by The Commercial Press, Ltd.

Dacihai

Lawsuit

After Tung Hua Book Co., Ltd. had published Cihai from Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, Chung Hwa Book Company, Limited requested Tung Hua Book not to use 'Cihai' as book title to avoid trademark violation. The Taiwan-based Chung Hwa Book Company, Limited already registered 'Cihai' as trademark for printed material in 1985 prior to THB's publication, but the book's content was licensed from Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, whom had authorized the use of contents to THB.[24]

References

  • Huang, Wenxing 黄文兴; et al. (1993). Cishu leidian 辞书类典 (in Chinese). Zhonghua Publishing House.
    ISBN 9787505006331
    .
  • Kennedy, George A. (1953). ZH Guide: An Introduction To Sinology. Far Eastern Publications.

Footnotes

  1. ^
    ISBN 9787532628599
    . 上海辞书出版社
  2. ^ Teng, Ssu-yü and Biggerstaff, Knight (1971), An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Reference Works, 3rd ed., Harvard University Press. p. 134.
  3. ^ Kennedy 1953, p. 85.
  4. ^ Kennedy 1953, p. 131.
  5. ^ a b c Wilkinson, Endymion (2000), Chinese History: a manual, revised and enlarged ed., Harvard University Asia Center. p. 89.
  6. ^ a b Hartmann, R.R.K. (2003), Lexicography: Reference Works across Time, Space, and Languages, Taylor & Francis. p. 166.
  7. ^ Yang, Paul Fu-mien (1985), Chinese Lexicology and Lexicography: A Selected and Classified Bibliography, Chinese University Press. p. 279.
  8. ^ Huang 1993, p. 220.
  9. ^ Huang 1993, pp. 223–4.
  10. ^ 国家语言文字工作委员会 (20 April 2016). 第一批异形词整理表（试行） (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 27 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2017.
  11. ^ 一部1936年的老辞海
  12. ^ 《辭海》百年歷史上的三種分冊版
  13. ^ 《辞海》又出音序普及本
  14. ^ 《常用俗语辞典（辞海版）》
  15. ^ 《歇后语小词典》
  16. ^ 《歇后语小词典（新一版）》
  17. ^ 《歇后语小词典》
  18. ^ 《歇后语小词典》
  19. ^ 《歇后语小词典（双色版）》
  20. ^ 《中国俗语大辞典（辞海版）（新1版）》
  21. ^ 《中国俗语大辞典（辞海版）（袖珍本）》
  22. ^ 《中国俗语大辞典（辞海版）（普及本）》
  23. ^ "辭海 最新增訂本". Archived from the original on 2017-05-18. Retrieved 2017-05-30.
  24. ^ 著作權法漫談(22)：商標專用權與著作權的糾葛問題

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cihai&oldid=1189070372"
This page is based on the copyrighted Wikipedia article: Cihai. Articles is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 license; additional terms may apply.Privacy Policy